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Chemical Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans

2016; American Chemical Society; Volume: 116; Issue: 14 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00010

1520-6890

Marco Mende, Christin Bednarek, Mirella Wawryszyn, Paul F. Sauter, Moritz Bosse Biskup, Ute Schepers, Stefan Bräse,

Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as one major part of the glycocalyx are involved in many essential biological cell processes, as well as in many courses of diseases. Because of the potential therapeutic application of GAG polymers, fragments, and also derivatives toward different diseases (e.g., heparin derivatives against Alzheimer's disease), there is a continual growing demand for new chemical syntheses, which suffice the high claim to stereoselectivity and chemoselectivity. This Review summarizes the progress of chemical syntheses of GAGs over the last 10 years. For each class of the glycosaminoglycans—hyaluronan (HA), heparan sulfate/heparin (HS/HP), chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS), and keratan sulfate (KS)—mainly novel glycosylation strategies, elongation sequences, and protecting group patterns are discussed, but also (semi)automated syntheses, enzymatic approaches, and functionalizations of synthesized or isolated GAGs are considered.