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In Situ Printing of Polylactic Acid/Nanoceramic Filaments for the Repair of Bone Defects Using a Portable 3D Device

2024; American Chemical Society; Volume: 17; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1021/acsami.4c05232

1944-8252

Guilherme de Castro Brito, Gustavo Fernandes de Sousa, Moisés Virgens Santana, André Sales Aguiar Furtado, Millena de Cassia Sousa e Silva, Thiago Ferreira Cândido Lima Verde, Renata Barbosa, Tatianny Soares Alves, Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos, Leonardo Alvares Sobral Silva, Vicente Galber Freitas Viana, José Figueredo‐Silva, Antônio Luíz Martins Maia Filho, Fernanda Roberta Marciano, Anderson Oliveira Lobo,

Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies

In situ 3D printing is attractive for the direct repair of bone defects in underdeveloped countries and in emergency situations. So far, the lack of an interesting method to produce filament using FDA-approved biopolymers and nanoceramics combined with a portable strategy limits the use of in situ 3D printing. Herein, we investigated the osseointegration of new nanocomposite filaments based on polylactic acid (PLA), laponite (Lap), and hydroxyapatite (Hap) printed directly at the site of the bone defect in rats using a portable 3D printer. The filaments were produced using a single-screw extruder (L/D = 26), without the addition of solvents that can promote the toxicity of the materials. In vitro performance was evaluated in the cell differentiation process with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by an alkaline phosphatase activity test and visualization of mineralization nodules; a cell viability test and total protein dosage were performed to evaluate cytotoxicity. For the in vivo analysis, the PLA/Lap composite filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm were printed directly into bone defects of Wistar rats using a commercially available portable 3D printer. Based on the in vitro and in vivo results, the in situ 3D printing technique followed by rapid cooling proved to be promising for bone tissue engineering. The absence of fibrous encapsulation and inflammatory processes became a good indicator of effectiveness in terms of biocompatibility parameters and bone tissue formation, and the use of the portable 3D printer showed a significant advantage in the application of this material by in situ printing.