National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Arthur Leathley, Transport Correspondent, John Naughton, E. Caddy, Tunku Varadarajan, Lynne Greenwood, Barney Spender, Paul Heiney, Nick Nuttall, Portia Colwell, David Ackerman, Patricia Davies, Rob Hughes, Kathryn Smallwood, Jane MacQuitty, Simon Barnes, Richard Ford, Home Correspondent, Derek Hodgson, Magnus Linklater, Richard Evans and Chris McGrath, Des Burkinshaw, Paul Hoggart, Richard Hobson, John Diamond, Maureen Owen, Ivo Tennant, Gavin Lumsden, Ray Hearn, Philip Howard, John Drewe, D. C. Burrows, Vanessa Whitburn, Editor, Lynne Truss, B. S. Smith, Carl Mortished, Ginny Dougary, Morag Preston, Simon Wilde, Jenny Knight, Richard Goude, Jeremy Whittle, Tony Patrick, Kate Hatfield, Louise Godfrey, Pat Gibson, Stephen McClarence, Rupert Cox, Robert Sheehan, D. R., Dominic Walsh, Ruth Gledhill, Debra Craine, Shirley English, Carol Midgley, Media Correspondent, Audrey Magee Ireland Correspondent, Carol Price, Michael Evans, Defence Correspondent, Richard Ford Home Correspondent, Ian Morton, Candida Crewe, Stephen Farrell, Robin Young, Alan Hamilton, Rodney Milnes, Jill Sherman Chief Political Correspondent, Barbara Abbs, Michael Clark, Eve-Ann Prentice, T. P., E. N. Gaskell Syms, Frances Bissell, Deborah Collcutt, Peter Barnard, Michael Binyon Diplomatic Editor, Derwent May, Mary Loudon, Rupert Saunders, Kate Muir, Roger Scruton, Lizanne Rose, Glenys Roberts, Jane Gordon, Stephen Anderton, Paul Durman, Sarah Johnson, Michael Theodoulou, Carol Midgley Media Correspondent, P. Wood, Martin Fletcher, Chief Ireland Correspondent, Marit Hargie, L. G., Nathan Yates, Jacqueline Tabick, Simon de Bruxelles, John Hopkins Golf Correspondent, Mitch Jenkins, Christina Koning, John Higgins, Adam Jones, Marcus Binney, Raymond Keene, Christine Buckley, David Robinson, Richard Pearce, Polly Newton, Ian L. Natoff, Alan Lee, Cricket Correspondent, John Russell Taylor, Peter Davalle, Steven Keenan, Karen Zagor, P. W., William C. Morgan, P. H. S, James Allcock, Richard Penney, Andrew Drummond, Richard Evans, Caroline Merrell, Robin Neillands, Jonathan Dimbleby, Mrs S. E. Pearce, Ramon Tikaram, Damian Whitworth, Alex Vicenzotti, John Carr, Sarah Cunningham, Marcel Berlins, Oliver August, Louise Nicholson, Richard Braunton, Stephanie Billen, Julian Muscat, Nicholas Wood, Richard Duce, Robin Fairlie, Christopher Thomas, Anne Ashworth, Dominic Kennedy, N. J. Cooper (Chairman), Murray Hedgcock, Guy Walters, Giles Whittell, Sara McConnell, Jason Nisse, Alan Copps, A. Harada, Chris Parker, Simon De Bruxelles, Brian MacArthur, Tim Hames, Sean Coughlan, Phil Brindall, Kathryn Knight, Gemma Watts, Mike Rosewell, Tim Wapshott, Michael Austin, Jane Owen, Stuart Bladon, Ben MacIntyre, Helen Pridham, P. D., Faith Glasgow, S. Smaller, Tony Dawe, Brian Glanville and David Maddock, Graham Searjeant, Jason Cowley, Fraser Nelson, Anne Ashworth Personal Finance Editor, Tim Jones, Hattie Ellis, Martin Waller, David Sinclair, Chris Ayres, Peter Ingham, James Fergusson, S. H. Brunker, Heath Brown, Jill Parkin, Benedict Nightingale, Stuart Birch, Jonathan Meades, Michael Evans Defence Correspondent, Charles Osborne, Richard Morrison, Jack Bailey, David Powell, George Rosenberg, Elizabeth Buchan, Michael Henderson, Robin Lodge, Nick Foulkes, S. Banik, George Racz, Tobias Hill, Maurice Cowling, Conal Gregory, Anthony Howard, Oliver Bennett, Joanna Bale and Tunku Varadarajan, Maurice Fitzpatrick, David Long, Richard Ford, Johnny Briggs, Gill Hornby, Edward Marriott, Alasdair Murray, Economics Correspondent, Christopher Irvine, Michael Binyon and Jonathan Mirsky, William Hale,
... decodes the jargon America leads the way with 401(k) Pensions back in the melting pot Abbey National ...
1997 - Gale Group | TDA
Jack VanDerhei, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso,
Over the past two decades, 401(k) plans have grown to be the most widespread private-sector employer-sponsored retirement plan in the United States, and now serve ... 2008, 49.8 million American workers were active 401(k) plan participants. By year-end 2008, 401(k) plan assets had grown to represent 16 percent ... Institute (ICI) collect annual data on millions of 401(k) plan participants as a means to accurately portray ... of EBRI and ICI’s ongoing research into 401(k) plan participants’ activity through year-end 2008. The ...
Tópico(s): Housing Market and Economics
2009 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Jack VanDerhei, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, Craig Copeland,
Over the past two decades, 401(k) plans have grown to be the most widespread private-sector employer-sponsored retirement plan in the United States, and now serve ... 2007, 48.5 million American workers were active 401(k) plan participants. By year-end 2007, 401(k) plan assets had grown to represent 17 percent ... Institute (ICI) collect annual data on millions of 401(k) plan participants as a means to accurately portray ... of EBRI and ICI's ongoing research into 401(k) plan participants' activity through year-end 2007. The ...
Tópico(s): Retirement, Disability, and Employment
2008 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Automatic enrollment of participants in 401(k) plans, which was encouraged by provisions in the Pension Protection Act of 2006, is designed to overcome the drawbacks of voluntary ... their work place retirement plan. Auto-enrollment for 401(k) plans has been demonstrated by previous EBRI research ... after adoption of auto-enrollment from 225 large 401(k) plan sponsors and found that the average change ... indicates that the adoption of automatic enrollment in 401(k) plans is likely to have a very significant ...
Tópico(s): Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
2010 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Jack VanDerhei, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso,
... the Investment Company Institute’s ongoing research into 401(k) plan participants’ activity through year-end 2009. The ... five sections: The first describes the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database; the second focuses on changes in participant ... balances over time, analyzing a group of consistent 401(k) participants; the third presents a snapshot of participant ... looks at participants’ asset allocations, including analysis of 401(k) participants’ use of target-date funds (also called “lifecycle” funds); and the fifth focuses on participants’ 401(k) loan activity. Because 401(k) balances can fluctuate ...
Tópico(s): Insurance and Financial Risk Management
2010 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Jack VanDerhei, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso, Steven Bass,
... the Investment Company Institute’s ongoing research into 401(k) plan participants’ activity through year-end 2010. The ... four sections: The first describes the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database; the second presents a snapshot of participant ... looks at participants’ asset allocations, including analysis of 401(k) participants’ use of target-date, or lifecycle, funds; and the fourth focuses on participants’ 401(k) loan activity. On average, at year-end 2010, 62 percent of 401(k) participants’ assets were invested in equity securities through ...
Tópico(s): Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
2011 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian,
Are Empowerment and Education Enough?Underdiversification in 401(k) Plans James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian Abstract At the end of 2000, current and former employees of the energy ... held $2.1 billion in the firm's 401(k) retirement savings plan. Sixty-two percent of that ... of their retirement wealth simultaneously. Although the Enron 401(k) debacle was highly publicized, Enron was neither the ... the last company whose collapse decimated its workers' 401(k) accounts. Over the past few years a similar ...
Tópico(s): Economic theories and models
2005 - | Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
James M. Poterba, Steven F. Venti, David A. Wise,
Contributions to 401(k) plans are now the most important form of retirement saving. Since 401(k) plans were introduced in the early 1980’s, ... of all households were eligible to participate in 401(k) plans, and more than 36 million workers made ... S. Department of Labor has released definitive data, 401(k) contributions amounted to $87.4 billion, or 55 ... is probably significantly higher today. The spread of 401(k) plans is the most important indicator of the ... of contributions are to personal retirement accounts, including 401(k), IRA, and Keogh plans. Including employerprovided, non-401( ...
Tópico(s): Housing Market and Economics
2000 - American Economic Association | American Economic Review
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Although households have invested billions in 401(k) accounts, these balances may not be new saving if workers invest money that they would have saved in the program’s absence. ... this paper, I assess the effect of the 401(k) program on saving by comparing changes in the wealth of 401(k) eligible and ineligible households over the 1989-1998 ... may yield misleading estimates of the effect of 401(k)s on saving if eligible households have a ... inverse hyperbolic sine. Incorporating these adjustments suggests that 401(k)s have little to no effect on saving. ...
Tópico(s): Global Health Care Issues
2001 - | Finance and Economics Discussion Series
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Jagadeesh Gokhale, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, Todd C. Neumann,
Contributing to 401(k)s and similar tax-deferred retirement accounts certainly lowers current taxes. But does it lower your lifetime taxes? ... stylized young couples when they participate in a 401(k) plan. Assuming a 6 percent real return on ... lower their lifetime expenditures by saving in a 401(k) plan. In the case of a couple with $ ... in annual earnings, partaking fully in the typical 401(k) plan raises lifetime tax payments by 1.1 ... additional taxation of Social Security benefits induced by 401(k) withdrawals. The picture is quite different for high- ...
Tópico(s): Retirement, Disability, and Employment
2001 - | Working paper
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
... defined benefit (DB) plans are replacing them with 401(k) or other defined contribution (DC) plans. I compare ... filings from those two years. I find that 401(k) and other DC plans are substituting for terminated ... at the sponsor level, many of the new 401(k) plans may not be avenues for net saving ... estimate that a sponsor that starts with no 401(k) or other DC plan and adds a 401(k) is predicted to reduce the number of DB ... about every three sponsors that offer one new 401(k) plan. The addition of a non-401(k) ...
Tópico(s): Global Health Care Issues
1999 - University of Wisconsin Press | The Journal of Human Resources
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Sarah Holden, Jack VanDerhei, Luis Alonso, Steven Bass,
... an annual update of a longitudinal analysis of 401(k) plan participants drawn from the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database—the largest participant-level database of its kind, with about 26.1 million 401(k) participants at yearend 2015. Because the annual cross ... with a wide range of participation experience in 401(k) plans, meaningful analysis of the potential for 401(k) participants to accumulate retirement assets must examine the 401(k) plan accounts of participants who maintained accounts over ... 3 million consistent participants in the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database over the five-year period from year- ...
Tópico(s): Banking stability, regulation, efficiency
2017 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Sarah Holden, Jack VanDerhei, Steven Bass,
The bulk of 401(k) assets were invested in stocks. On average, at year-end 2018, 63 percent of 401(k) participants’ assets were invested in equity securities through ... the fixed-income portion of balanced funds.More 401(k) plan participants held equities at year-end 2018 ... twenties had more than 80 percent of their 401(k) plan accounts invested in equities at year-end ... end 2007. Overall, more than 90 percent of 401(k) participants had at least some investment in equities ... year-end 2018.More than three-quarters of 401(k) plans, covering more than three-quarters of 401( ...
Tópico(s): Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis
2021 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Sarah Holden, Steven Bass, Craig Copeland,
The bulk of 401(k) assets were invested in stocks. On average, at year-end 2019, 68 percent of 401(k) participants' assets were invested in equity securities through ... the fixed-income portion of balanced funds.More 401(k) plan participants held equities at year-end 2019 ... twenties had more than 80 percent of their 401(k) plan accounts invested in equities at year-end ... year-end 2007. Overall, nearly 95 percent of 401(k) participants had at least some investment in equities ... 2019.At year-end 2019, 87 percent of 401(k) plans, covering 87 percent of 401(k) plan ...
Tópico(s): Housing Market and Economics
2022 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Brigitte C. Madrian, Dennis F. Shea,
In this paper, we analyze the 401(k) savings behavior of employees in a large U.S. corporation before and after an interesting change in the company 401(k) plan. Before the plan change, employees were required to affirmatively elect participation in the 401(k) plan. After the plan change, employees were automatically and immediately enrolled in the 401(k) plan unless they made a negative election to ... of employees. We have two key findings. First, 401(k) participation is significantly higher under automatic enrollment. Second, ...
Tópico(s): Classical Antiquity Studies
2000 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)