Clive Michaels, P B, Waldemar Januszczak, John Dugdale, Ronald Swash, Michael Prescott, A R Hart, J K Rowling, Professor Philip Stott, Fiona Macpherson, Mark Stretton, Barbara Hall, Aa Gill, Catherine Hayward, Alec Stewart, Christopher Morgan Religious Affairs Correspondent, Martin Elliott, Robert Locke, Helen Kirwan-Taylor, Ellie Giles, Jon Swain, James Clark, Nicholas Rufford, Alan M Frommer, Rob Hughes, John Peter, Emma Moore, Amanda Ursell, Karen Wheeler, Hamish Stevenson, Jonathan Miller, Lady Victoria Hervey, Bruce Millar, Roger Barlow, Adrian Cotterill, James Wallis, John Jay, Susan d'Arcy, Adam Luck, Max Glaskin, Frank Whitford, Ray Spiller, Ivo Tennant, Peter Andrews, Packer, Kathryn Cooper, Dr Selby Whittingham, David Smith, Melanie Phillips, Nick Pitt, Neil Wormald, Richard Green, Keith Darlington, Andrew Sullivan, Stephen Grey, Mary Wilson, Dr Roger Henderson, Robina Dam, T Hennessey, Tony Allen-Mills, Simon Wilde, Joe Royle, Frank Blin, Anthony Sattin, Cornwall, Robert Winnett, Patrick Moore, Robert Hewison, Peter Hodson, Peter Wilson, Lawrence Dallaglio, David Dougill, Warren Shore, Stuart Jones, John Evans, Philip Kingsley, Bob Taylor, Philip Kerr, Sarah Toyne, Tania Alexander, Jonathon Carr-Brown, Margarette Driscoll, Hugh Canning, Jeremy Clarkson, Graham Duffill, Edward Porter, Stewart Lee, David Cairns, Louise Taylor, John Waples Deputy City Editor, M P, Jane Renton, Cheryl Markosky, Faith Hines, Sue Eynon, Lydia Slater, Paolo Conte, Andrew Cunningham, Christobal Edwards, Nick Gardner, Sir Richard Branson, Ray Wild, Paul Ham, Stuart Wavell, Roger Eglin, Paul Donovan, Alastair Hendy, Paul …, Knife, James Clark Home Affairs Correspondent, Lucinda Kemeny, Jasper Gerard, Paul Bray, Paul Driver, Boris Schapiro, John Humphrys, Nicholas Hellen, Peter Windsor, Lowri Turner, David Hemmings, Ian Hawkey, Shelley Von Strunckel, Nick Barley, William Little, Chris Parcell, Paul Durman, Andrew Rickman, John Walker, Mark Edwards, Kirstie Hamilton, George Clayton, Susan Clark, David Lawrenson, Eben Black Chief Political Correspondent, Askold Krushelnycky, Mike Branford, Marina Thomas, Victoria O'Brien, Lois Rogers, Jennifer Asiama, Raymond Keene, Diana Wright, Richard Ashcroft, Andy Knott, Michael Prescott Political Editor, Stephen Jones, Paul Sullivan, D Poyner, Uzi Mahnaimi, C Harrison, Melanie Philips, Richard Evans, June Field, Tim Moorey, Dominic Rushe, Philip Gretton, Claire Oldfield, David Walsh, Bryan Appleyard, Karen Moores, Dr Julian Lewis Mp, Chris Jones, Stephen Armstrong, Emily Milich, Ron Clarke, Alex Williamson, Danny O'brien, Paul Kavanagh, Mark Prigg, R W Johnson, Paul Mander, Richard Woods, Roland White, Garth Alexander, Alan Lund, Maurice Chittenden, Alex Fortune, Stan Mack, Dj Taylor, Richard Brooks Arts Editor, Dr Mark Griffiths, Richard Rae, Mark Franchetti, Ray Hutton, Martin Ivens, Jon Ungoed-Thomas, Jim Cotton-Betteridge, Jonathan Leake, Jonathan Diggines, John Crossland, Amanda Craig, Christine Webb, John Harlow, Singh Sukhbir, Godfrey Smith, Donald McRae, Michael Austin, Bob Davis, Mike Langston, Dipesh Gadher, John Urbanek, Hilary Lowe, Liz Doyle, John Waples, Barry Collins, A A Gill, David Dennison, David Blaine, Matthew Campbell, Brian Glanville, Rossella Lorenzi, Nick Fielding, Keith Ford, John Boulton, Stephen Pettitt, Claudia Croft, Jonathan Leake Science Editor, Jane Hoare, Anna Harvey, R H, Captain David McMullon, Sally Kinnes, Andrew Lorenz, Sean O'brien, Liam Clarke, David Wickers, Roger Dobson, Tom Rhodes, John Aizlewood, Jeremy Lazell, Mark Hodson, Graham Norwood, David Bellamy, Joe Lovejoy, Rupert Steiner, Hugh Pearman, Kate Constable, Dan Cairns, P J Harvey, Tony Perrottet, David Parsley, Christopher Bray, Chris Brady, David Smith Economics Editor, Christian Dymond, Ian Sutherland, Anthony Howard, Peter Roebuck, Diederik De Vilder, Joanna Simon, India Knight, Steve Grant, Simon Howard, Dan Pearson, Rosie Waterhouse, Denise Lewis, Penelope Lively, Karen Robinson, A J Stafford,
... African game park raises fears of poachers' paradise ATX Pure Expression Caught in a lonely net Vladimir ...
2000 - Gale Group | Sunday Times HA GDA
Ursula Ravens, Eva Schöllhorn,
... study the effects of the sea anemone toxin ATX II on electrical and mechanical activity in mammalian skeletal muscle. ATX II increased twitch tension transiently and induced a ... to more negative values by low concentrations of ATX II (greater than or equal to 2 x 10(-7)M). ATX II at 10(-7)M prolonged the action ... toxin-induced contracture, but did not inhibit the ATX II-induced prolongation of action potential duration. ATX II increased the incidence of spontaneous action potentials ... 10(-6)M), which also partially abolished the ATX II-induced contracture. Reduction in toxin-induced spontaneous ...
Tópico(s): Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
1983 - Elsevier BV | Toxicon
Andrew Robson, Jane Dickson, James Landale, Sally Staples, Raymond Snoddy Media Editor, Stella Shamoon, Richard Whitehead, Helen Studd, Portia Colwell, Robert Cole, Catherine Riley, James Moore, Martin-Jenkins, Philip Barron, Rodney Tye, Jane MacQuitty, Peter Lansley, John Morgan, greg kadel, Salome Munuo, Mark Souster, Emma Haughton, Jonathan Lennie, John Waters, Philip Howard, John Bener, Martin Ross, Matthew Taylor, pauline mcleod, James Bone, Dean Hodgkin, Anne Gatti, Jack Barker, Elizabeth Judge, Sharon Linnard, Anne Robinson, Ben MacIntyre, Damian Whitworth and Ian Brodie, Clare Stewart, Peter Arden, Stewart Tendler and Ian Cobain, Giles Coren, Michael Holden, NS, Pat Gibson, Valerie Elliott Countryside Editor, David McVay, Stephen McClarence, Henry Harris, Steve Keenan, Stewart Tendler Crime Correspondent, Ann Scanlon, Dominic Walsh, Steve Bird, Ruth Gledhill, Alix Ramsay Tennis Correspondent, Jill Dupleix, Charles Taylor, david loftus, A. R. Chance, Peter Hughes, Robin Young, Damian Whitworth and Christopher Walker, Stephen Farrell, Oliver Wright, Andy Stephens, Julian Rollins, Bill Callaghan, Anthony G. Phillips, John Young, Keith Pike, David Hands, Charles Bremner, Philip Webster and Martin Fletcher, Mike Brewer Spread Eagie, Sarah Tucker, fiona hewitt, Greg Hurst, Mark Court, Keith Haskell, Caroline Merrell Banking Correspondent, Colin Greenhalgh, Angela Jameson, Malcolm Smith, Geoff Harwood, I. H. Stout, Russell Kempson, Robert Cole City Correspondent, Mary Gold, Ed Potton, Jeremy Bremridge, Richard Cork, Alan Watson, Frankie Dettori. Weeding Photographer, Stephen Anderton, Sarah Johnson, Jim Waterworth, David Lister, Mark Atherton, Peter Reid, Rick Broadbent, Matt Dickinson Football Correspondent, Mark Henderson Science Correspondent, Ann Treneman, Andy Stephens Football Focus, Nick Potts, John Hopkins Golf Correspondent, Rob Wright, Adam Jones, Helen Vaughan-Jones, David Powell Athletics Correspondent, Raymond Keene, Vaughan Freeman, Steve Howey, Adam Sage, David L. Crosby, Lewis Smith, Clive Mathieson, Melanie Tringham and Mark Atherton, Colonel Margaret Hay's, Warren Bardley, Martin Fletcher and Philip Webster, Min Cooper, Caroline Merrell, Christopher Walker Chief Ireland Correspondent, Oliver Holt, Richard Owen, Helen Nugent, Sandra Parsons, Damian Whitworth, Joseph Palley, Marcel Berlins, Roger Boyes, Oliver August, AH, David Hands Rugby Correspondent, Tom Dart, Glen Owen, Alan Muir Wood, Nick Szczepanik, James Doran, Melissa Kite Political Correspondent, perou, Sally Varlow, Craig Lord, Paul Divine, Paul McCann Media Correspondent, VS, Matthew Parris, PB, Jennai Cox, Helen Truszkowski, Sue Hepworth, Mark Hodkinson, Gavin Hadland, Craig Clarke, Kenneth Gulleford, George Caulkin, Chris McGrath, Russell Jenkins, Caitlin Moran, Philip Webster and Martin Fletcher and Michael Evans Defence Editor, David Harding, Tim Wapshott, Jane Owen, Walter Gammie, Rosemary Cook, Ben MacIntyre, DC, Carl Hiaasen, Ian Brodie, Andrew Stilton, John Goodbody Sports News Correspondent, Tim Harlow, Gabriel Mojay, Philip Webster, Richard Miles, John Naish, Fraser Nelson, Annabelle Thorpe, Tim Jones, Martin Waller, Michael Horsnell, Chris Ayres, Fran Littlewood, James Jackson, Will Price, Nigel Hawkes Health Editor, Stoddart of Swindon, Dr Thomas Stuttaford, Jill Crawshaw, Richard Morrison, David Powell, Sam Kiley, Phil Myers, Tom Chesshyre, Bill Edgar, Valerie Grove, Neil Cooper, Alyson Rudd, Tom Baldwin Deputy Political Editor, SJ, John Phillips, Martin Miller, Susie Steiner, Roland Watson Chief Political Correspondent, max bell and roger sargent, Sally Patten Retail Correspondent, Patience Wheatcroft, Ian Stout, Christopher Irvine, Chloe Bryan-Brown, Susan Emmett,
... the Elephant to pack her trunk One. Tel ATX Pure Expression News 27 The Times Pepperoni pizzas ...
2000 - Gale Group | TDA
James Flexman, Patrick G. Holt, Graham Mayrhofer, Bruce Latham, G. R. Shellam,
... transplanted into rats without a thymus (1 degree ATX.BM). These 1 degree ATX.BM rats had NK cell levels above controls ... cell levels by 9 months. When 1 degree ATX.BM marrow was used to reconstitute rats with ... a thymus, those without a thymus (2 degrees ATX.BM) exhibited low NK cell levels after 3 ... a similar result was obtained when 2 degrees ATX.BM marrow was used to reconstitute 3 degrees ATX.BM rats. The low NK cell levels in 2 degrees and 3 degrees ATX.BM rats were due to a deficiency in ... Spleen cells from 2 degrees and 3 degrees ATX.BM rats produced less interferon than control spleen ...
Tópico(s): Immune Cell Function and Interaction
1985 - Elsevier BV | Cellular Immunology
Alexandra Shulman, Daniel Ward, Motor Industry Correspondent, R. Steele, Cliff Feltham, Ivo Tennant, Clifford Webb, Philip Howard, John Bell, City Editor, Jeremy Kingston, Richard Fairman, Harry Eyres, Michael Hornsby Johannesburg, Richard Streeton, Stuart Jones Football Correspondent, Michael McCarthy, Geoffrey Smith, Colin Narbrough, Peter R. Green, Joe Joseph, Brian James, Bryan Stiles, Michael Seley, Christopher Bailey, Phillip Arnott, Clovers, John Rae, Michael Tate, R. J. Bower, Jill Sherman, Social Services Correspondent, Huon Mallalieu, Lawrence Lever, John Woodcock Cricket Correspondent, Peter Waymark, Ray Kennedy, Alan Hamilton, Henry Stanhope, Michael Clark, Thomson Prentice, Science Correspondent, Marcus Williams, Dr Rex Binning, Charles Bremner, Richard Evans, Political Correspondent, John Percival, Richard Thomson, Banking Correspondent, Ann Steele, John Woodcock, Chris Thau, Mitchell Platts Golf Correspondent, Philip Webster, Chief Political Correspondent, Geoffrey Wheeler, Nicolas Soames, William Greaves, David Miller, Chief Sports Correspondent, Dulverton, Robin Oakley, Political Editor, Dennis Shaw, Barbara Amiel, Craig Brown, Alexandra Jackson, Heather Kirby, Robin Day, Robert Matthews, Craig Seton, Stewart Tendler, Crime Reporter, John Clare Education Correspondent, Irving Wardle, Colin Haycraft, Chairman, A. M. Davies, David Sapsted, Richard Bassett, Brian Beel, Edward Townsend Industrial Correspondent, Kenneth Fleet, Christopher Thomas, Pat Butcher, Athletics Correspondent, John England, Christopher Walker, Kenneth A. Smith (Secretary), Srikumar Sen Boxing Correspondent, Graham Searjeant, Financial Editor, Clive White, Paul Newman, Ian Glynn, Christine Webb, Michael Hornsby, David Green, Joan Porteous, Michael Seely, Alan Lee, Tony Dawe, Peta Levi, Sydney Jones, Chairman, Tim Jones, W. H. Saumarez Smith, Stephen Pettitt, Michael Horsnell, Frances Gibb Legal Affairs Correspondent, Derek Harris, Luxembourg, Bailey Morris, Richard Cottrell, Richard Morrison, David Powell, Michael Evans, Pearce Wright, Science Editor, John Hoskyns, David Young Energy Correspondent, David Hands, Rugby Correspondent, Richard Ford, Ray Heath,
... Management Services Leasing/contract Hire CO Ibm Pc Atx 30Mg for Sale New Altos 686/25 Computer ...
1987 - Gale Group | TDA
L C Osborne, Victoria-Lynn Jones, J.T. Peeler, Edward P. Larkin,
... to produce mutagenic compounds called altertoxins. Altertoxin I (ATX-I) and altertoxin III (ATX-III) were examined for activity in the Raji ... cell transformation system. Exposure of Raji cells to ATX-I or ATX-III activated EBV-EA expression by 8- and ... single exposure of C3H/10T1 2 cultures to ATX-I or ATX-III resulted in significant increases in cell transformation, and the response to ATX-I was stronger. Both altertoxins enhanced the transformation ... of non-initiated C3H/10T1 2 cells to ATX-I and ATX-III, starting 6 days after ...
Tópico(s): Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
1988 - Elsevier BV | Toxicology in Vitro
Jos Jonkers, Wouter H. Moolenaar,
... is produced by an extracellular phospholipase, termed autotaxin (ATX), and acts via G protein-coupled receptors. In ... Liu et al. show that transgenic overexpression of ATX or LPA receptors leads to invasive and metastatic ... is produced by an extracellular phospholipase, termed autotaxin (ATX), and acts via G protein-coupled receptors. In ... Liu et al. show that transgenic overexpression of ATX or LPA receptors leads to invasive and metastatic ... by a secreted (lyso)phospholipase D named autotaxin (ATX; also known as NPP2, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2), ...
Tópico(s): Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
2009 - Cell Press | Cancer Cell
Hui Shen, Chi-Chung Kuo, Jenny Chou, Alice Delvolvé, Shelley N. Jackson, Jeremy Post, Amina S. Woods, Barry J. Hoffer, Yun Wang, Brandon K. Harvey,
Astaxanthin (ATX) is a dietary carotenoid of crustaceans and fish that contributes to their coloration. Dietary ATX is important for development and survival of salmonids ... purpose of this study was to examine whether ATX can protect against ischemic injury in the mammalian brain. Adult rats were injected intracerebroventricularly with ATX or vehicle prior to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). ATX was present in the infarction area at 70-75 min after onset of MCAo. Treatment with ATX, compared to vehicle, increased locomotor activity in stroke ...
Tópico(s): Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
2009 - Wiley | The FASEB Journal
Akira Tokumura, Eiji Majima, Yuko Kariya, Kyoko Tominaga, Kentaro Kogure, Katsuhiko Yasuda, Kenji Fukuzawa,
... 5′-monophosphate autotaxin from human teratocarcinoma cell line ATX from an A2058 human melanoma cell line Recent ... that it is a soluble form of autotaxin (ATX), a member of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase ( ... a vector containing full-length cDNA of rat ATX corresponding to human ATX-t but not phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase brain- ... methods described above. The activities of the recombinant ATX were calculated by subtracting the value for the ... control cells from that for the medium of ATX-transfected cells. The conditioned media were provided by ...
Tópico(s): Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
2002 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
P. O. Schwille, A. Schmiedl, R. M. Schwille, Peter Brunner, Hermann Kißler, Robert Cesnjevar, H. Gepp,
... follows: sham-operation (Sham, n = 12), aorta transplantation (ATx, n = 12), ATx + magnesium citrate (MgC, n = 12), ATx + MgC + potassium citrate (MgCPC, n = 12), ATx + MgC + MgCPC (MgCPCSB, n = 12). At 84 (+/-2) days after ATx with or without treatment the following observations were ... weight gain and general status were normal; (2) ATx rats developed massive media calcification, mineral accumulation in ... only MgCPCSB supplementation prevented calcifications. Additional findings after ATx alone were: imbalance in endothelin and nitric oxide ...
Tópico(s): Renal function and acid-base balance
2003 - Elsevier BV | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
Gilles Ferry, Edwige Tellier, Anne Try, Sandra Grès, Isabelle Naime, Marie Simon, Marianne Rodriguez, Jérémie Boucher, Ivan Tack, Stéphane Gesta, Pascale Chomarat, Marc Dieu, Martine Raes, J P Galizzi, Philippe Valet, Jean A. Boutin, Jean Sébastien Saulnier‐Blache,
... the type II ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase, autotaxin (ATX). A unique ATX cDNA was cloned from 3T3F442A adipocytes, and its ... 7 cells led to extracellular release of LPLDact. ATX mRNA expression was highly up-regulated during adipocyte ... LPLDact and LPA. Differentiation-dependent up-regulation of ATX expression was also observed in a primary culture ... of 3T3F442A-preadipocytes with concentrated conditioned medium from ATX-expressing COS-7 cells led to an increase ... number as compared with concentrated conditioned medium from ATX non-expressing COS-7 cells. The specific effect ...
Tópico(s): Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
2003 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Astrid Kehlen, Cuong Hoang‐Vu, Jürgen Langner, Henning Dralle, Thomas Klonisch, Jens Wulfaenger, Friedrich Haag, Anja Seifert,
Autotaxin (ATX/NPP2) shows a nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase and lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity and is a member of a ... mammalian ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphate/phosphodiesterases (E-NPP1-3). ATX is unique among E-NPP as it is ... membrane-bound as are NPP1 and -3. The ATX gene activity is significantly higher in undifferentiated anaplastic ( ... and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) or goiter tissues. ATX also enhances the motility of thyroid tumor cells. ... expressing either bioactively-secreted (sATX) or membrane-anchored ATX (mATX) to identify the biological functions of ATX ...
Tópico(s): Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
2008 - Elsevier BV | Oncology Reports
Tae Nakasaki, Toshiyuki Tanaka, Shinichi Okudaira, Michi Hirosawa, Eiji Umemoto, Kazuhiro Otani, Soojung Jin, Zhongbin Bai, Haruko Hayasaka, Yoshinori Fukui, Katsuyuki Aozasa, Naoya Fujita, Takashi Tsuruo, Keiichi Ozono, Junken Aoki, Masayuki Miyasaka,
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted protein with lysophospholipase D activity that generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine. Here we report that functional ATX is selectively expressed in high endothelial venules (HEVs) of both lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. ATX expression was developmentally regulated and coincided with lymphocyte recruitment to the lymph nodes. In adults, ATX expression was independent of HEV-expressed chemokines such ... the extent of lymphocyte trafficking across the HEVs. ATX expression was induced in venules at sites of ...
Tópico(s): Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
2008 - Elsevier BV | American Journal Of Pathology
Christopher J. Kratochvil, Denái R. Milton, Brigette S. Vaughan, Laurence L. Greenhill,
... were significantly different for ADHD-RS total (younger: ATX = -14.2 [13.8], PBO = -4.6 [10.4]; older: ATX = -15.4 [13.2], PBO = -7.3 [12.0]; p = .001), total T (younger: ATX = -15.2 [14.8], PBO = -4.9 [11.2]; older: ATX = -16.4 [14.6], PBO = -7.9 [13.1]; p = .003), and subscale scores (Inattentive: younger: ATX = -7.2 [7.5], PBO = -2.4 [5.7]; older: ATX = -8.0 [7.4], PBO = -3.9 [6.7]; p = .043; Hyperactive/Impulsive: younger: ATX = -7.0 [7.2], PBO = -2.1 [5.4]; older: ATX = -7.3 [7.0], PBO = -3.4 [6. ... well as the CGI-ADHD-S score (younger: ATX = -1.2 [1.3], PBO = -0.5 [0.9]; older: ATX = -1.4 [1.3], PBO = -0.7 [1. ...
Tópico(s): Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
2008 - BioMed Central | Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
Lauren P. Saunders, Amy Ouellette, Russ Bandle, William C. Chang, Hongwen Zhou, Raj N. Misra, Enrique M. De La Cruz, Demetrios T. Braddock,
Autotaxin (ATX) is a prometastatic enzyme initially isolated from the conditioned medium of human melanoma cells that stimulates a ... differentiation through the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). ATX increases the aggressiveness and invasiveness of transformed cells, and ATX levels directly correlate with tumor stage and grade ... several human malignancies. To study the role of ATX in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma, we developed ... Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human tissue shows that ATX levels are markedly increased in human primary and ...
Tópico(s): Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
2008 - American Association for Cancer Research | Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
Jonas Goldin Diness, Rie Schultz Hansen, Jakob D. Nissen, Thomas Jespersen, Morten Grunnet,
... and sudden cardiac death. The sea anemone toxin ATX-II has been shown to inhibit the inactivation ... IKr current could counteract the proarrhythmic effects of ATX-II. Methods Two different activators of IKr, NS3623 ... IKr activation alone and in the presence of ATX-II. Action potentials were elicited at 1 Hz ... reduced triangulation, which is potentially antiarrhythmic. Application of ATX-II (10 nM) was proarrhythmic, causing a profound ... independent IKr activators attenuated the proarrhythmic effects of ATX-II. NS3623 did not affect the late sodium ...
Tópico(s): Ion channel regulation and function
2008 - Elsevier BV | Heart Rhythm
Akiko Masuda, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Koji Izutsu, Koji Igarashi, Ryunosuke Ohkawa, Masahiro Jona, Katsumi Higashi, Hiromitsu Yokota, Shinichi Okudaira, Tatsuya Kishimoto, Takuro Watanabe, Yukako Koike, Hitoshi Ikeda, Y. Kozai, Mineo Kurokawa, Junken Aoki, Yutaka Yatomi,
Summary Autotaxin (ATX) is a tumour cell motility‐stimulating factor originally isolated from melanoma cell supernatants. ATX is identical to lysophospholipase D, which produces a bioactive lipid mediator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), from lysophosphatidylcholine. ATX is overexpressed in various malignancies, including Hodgkin lymphoma, and ATX may stimulate tumour progression via LPA production. The present study measured the serum ATX antigen levels in patients with haematological malignancies using ...
Tópico(s): Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
2008 - Wiley | British Journal of Haematology
Susie Wood, M. W. Heath, Jeannie Kuhajek, Ken G. Ryan,
... was to determine the variability in anatoxin‐a (ATX) and homoanatoxin‐a (HTX) concentrations in benthic cyanobacterial ... of using a PCR‐based approach to determine ATX‐ and HTX‐production potential. Methods and Results: ATX and HTX variability was investigated by collecting 15 ... from 10 × 10 m grids in seven rivers. ATX and HTX concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography– ... LC–MS). Samples from two sites contained no ATX or HTX and at one site ATX and HTX were detected in all samples. At ... ks2, putatively involved in the biosynthetic pathway of ATX and HTX) successfully distinguished ATX‐and‐HTX‐ and ...
Tópico(s): Marine Toxins and Detection Methods
2010 - Oxford University Press | Journal of Applied Microbiology
Jian-Min Wu, Yan Xu, Nicholas J. Skill, Hongmiao Sheng, Zhenwen Zhao, Menggang Yu, Romil Saxena, Mary A. Maluccio,
Autotaxin (ATX) is an extracellular lysophospholipase D that generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Both ATX and LPA have been shown to be involved in many cancers. However, the functional role of ATX and the regulation of ATX expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain elusive. In this study, ATX expression was evaluated in tissues from 38 human HCC and 10 normal control subjects. ATX was detected mainly in tumor cells within tissue ... correlated with inflammation and liver cirrhosis. In addition, ATX expression was examined in normal human hepatocytes and ...
Tópico(s): Inflammasome and immune disorders
2010 - BioMed Central | Molecular Cancer
Kazue Nakanaga, Kiyoshi Hama, Junken Aoki,
Autotaxin (ATX) is an ecto-enzyme responsible for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production in blood. ATX is present in various biological fluids such as ... accounts for bulk LPA production in these fluids. ATX is a member of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase ( ... biological roles of LPA can be mediated by ATX. However, there are other LPA-producing pathways independent of ATX. The accumulating evidences for physiological and pathological functions of ATX strongly support that ATX is an important therapeutic ...
Tópico(s): Plant-derived Lignans Synthesis and Bioactivity
2010 - Oxford University Press | The Journal of Biochemistry
Hongquan Wang, Xiao-Bo Sun, Yu-Xia Xu, Hong Zhao, Qin-Yuan Zhu, Cui-Qing Zhu,
Astaxanthin (ATX), the most abundant flavonoids in propolis, has been proven to exert neuroprotective property against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity ... reperfusion-induced apoptosis. Previous study have revealed that ATX can rescue PC12 cells from Aβ25–35-induced apoptotic death. However, the mechanisms by which ATX mediates its therapeutic effects in vitro are unclear. ... underlying mechanisms involved in the protective effects of ATX on the Aβ25–35-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Pre-treatment with ATX for 4 h significantly reduced the Aβ25–35- ...
Tópico(s): Bee Products Chemical Analysis
2010 - Elsevier BV | Brain Research
Zhengyu Cao, William H. Gerwick, Thomas F. Murray,
Abstract Background Antillatoxin (ATX) is a structurally unique lipopeptide produced by the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula . ATX activates voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunits at ... neurons. However, the pharmacological properties and selectivity of ATX on the sodium channel α-subunits were not ... we characterized the pharmacological properties and selectivity of ATX in cells heterologously expressing rNa v 1.2, ... Na + selective fluorescent dye, sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate. ATX produced sodium influx in cells expressing each sodium ...
Tópico(s): Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
2010 - BioMed Central | BMC Neuroscience
Malgorzata Ptaszynska, Michael L. Pendrak, Mary L. Stracke, David D. Roberts,
... for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and autotaxin (ATX) have been established for embryonic vasculogenesis and cancer ... endothelial cell migratory responses. VEGF stimulated expression of ATX and LPA1, a receptor for the ATX enzymatic product lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Knockdown of ATX expression significantly decreased mRNA levels for the receptors ... and abolished cell migration to lysophosphatidylcholine, LPA, recombinant ATX, and VEGF. Migration to sphingosylphosphorylcholine and sphinogosine-1- ...
Tópico(s): Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
2010 - American Association for Cancer Research | Molecular Cancer Research
Andreas Ballot, Jutta Fastner, Marén Lentz, Claudia Wiedner,
The neurotoxin anatoxin-a (ATX), has been detected in several northeast German lakes during the last two decades, but no ATX producers have been identified in German water bodies ... 2007 and 2008, we analyzed phytoplankton composition and ATX concentration in Lake Stolpsee (NE Germany) in order to identify ATX producers. Sixty-one Aphanizomenon spp. strains were isolated, morphologically and phylogenetically characterized, and tested for ATX production potential by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry ( ...
Tópico(s): Marine and coastal ecosystems
2010 - Elsevier BV | Toxicon
Kazuhiro Nakamura, Koji Igarashi, Kazufumi Ide, Ryunosuke Ohkawa, Shigeo Okubo, Hiromitsu Yokota, Akiko Masuda, Noriko Oshima, Takumi Takeuchi, Masaomi Nangaku, Shinichi Okudaira, Hiroyuki Arai, Hitoshi Ikeda, Junken Aoki, Yutaka Yatomi,
Autotaxin (ATX), a tumor cell motility-stimulating factor, regulates the blood concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an important and ... its lysophospholipase D activity (lysoPLD). The introduction of ATX measurements into clinical laboratory testing is urgently needed. Anti-human ATX monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunization of recombinant human ATX expressed in a baculovirus system. An immunoassay for the quantitative determination of ATX was established, and human serum samples were assayed. ...
Tópico(s): Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
2007 - Elsevier BV | Clinica Chimica Acta
Jens Hausmann, Satwik Kamtekar, Evangelos Christodoulou, Jacqueline E. Day, Tao Wu, Zachary Fulkerson, Harald M. H. G. Albers, Laurens A. van Meeteren, Anna J.S. Houben, Leonie van Zeijl, Silvia Jansen, Maria Andries, Troii Hall, Lyle E. Pegg, Timothy E. Benson, Mobien Kasiem, Karl Harlos, Craig W. Vander Kooi, Susan S. Smyth, Huib Ovaa, Mathieu Bollen, Andrew J. Morris, Wouter H. Moolenaar, Anastassis Perrakis,
The enzyme autotaxin (ATX) produces the lipid mediator LPA to stimulate cell migration and proliferation. The crystal structures of rat ATX, in its apo and inhibitor-bound forms, along ... offer insight into substrate specificity and show that ATX interacts with integrins through one of its SMB domains. Autotaxin (ATX, also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2, ENPP2) ... a mitogen and chemoattractant for many cell types. ATX-LPA signaling is involved in various pathologies including ...
Tópico(s): Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
2011 - Nature Portfolio | Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
Zachary Fulkerson, Tao Wu, Manjula Sunkara, Craig Vander Kooi, Andrew J. Morris, Susan S. Smyth,
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted lysophospholipase D that generates the bioactive lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). We and others have reported that ATX binds to integrins, but the function of ATX-integrin interactions is unknown. The recently reported crystal structure of ATX suggests a role for the solvent-exposed surface ... on this structure, we hypothesize that integrin-bound ATX can access cell surface substrates and deliver LPA ... the integrin selectivity and signaling pathways that promote ATX binding to platelets. We report that both platelet ...
Tópico(s): Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
2011 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Jing Zhao, Donghong He, Evgeny Berdyshev, Mintao Zhong, Ravi Salgia, Andrew J. Morris, Susan S. Smyth, Viswanathan Natarajan, Yutong Zhao,
... In the present paper we hypothesize that secreted ATX (autotaxin), which exhibits lysoPLD (lysophospholipase D) activity, stimulates ... generation-dependent and -independent pathways. Release of endogenous ATX protein and activity was detected in lung epithelial cell culture medium. ATX with V5 tag overexpressed conditional medium had higher ... edge of migrating cells. Inhibition of PKCδ attenuated ATX–V5 overexpressed conditional medium-mediated phosphorylation of cortactin. In addition, a recombinant ATX mutant, lacking lysoPLD activity, or heat-inactived ATX ...
Tópico(s): ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
2011 - Portland Press | Biochemical Journal
Alyssa L. Bolen, Anjaparavanda P. Naren, Sunitha Yarlagadda, Šárka Beranová-Giorgianni, Li Chen, Derek D. Norman, Daniel L. Baker, Meng M. Rowland, Michael D. Best, Takamitsu Sano, Tamotsu Tsukahara, Károly Liliom, Yasuyuki Igarashi, Gábor Tigyi,
... examined the regioisomeric preference of lysophospholipase D/autotaxin (ATX), which is the subsequent step in LPA production. ... sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF) were synthesized. ATX preferred the sn-1 to the sn-2 ... 1 lysophospholipids, which are the preferred substrates of ATX; and 4) ATX cleaves the sn-1 lysophospholipids to generate sn- ... examined the regioisomeric preference of lysophospholipase D/autotaxin (ATX), which is the subsequent step in LPA production. ... sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF) were synthesized. ATX preferred the sn-1 to the sn-2 ...
Tópico(s): Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
2011 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Lipid Research
Regina Dittmann, Alexander Schacht, Karin Helsberg, Christian Schneider-Fresenius, Martin Lehmann, Gerd Lehmkuhl, Peter M. Wehmeier,
... study was to evaluate the efficacy of atomoxetine (ATX, target dose 1.2 mg/kg daily) on ... to compare fast versus slow up-titration of ATX. Methods: This was a 3-arm, 9-week, ... IV] criteria A–C) or conduct disorder (CD). ATX-treatment arms were as follows—ATX-fast: 7 days 0.5 mg/kg, then 1.2 mg/kg; ATX-slow: 7 days each at 0.5 and ... 9 weeks (Mixed Effects Model for Repeated Measures, ATX-up-titration groups pooled). Results: In total, 181 patients were randomized, and 180 evaluated (ATX-fast/ATX-slow/placebo: 60/61/59). Baseline ...
Tópico(s): Children's Physical and Motor Development
2011 - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. | Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology