Robert Burton = Nathaniel Crouch. First published in 1686 as 'A view of the English acquisitions'. Frontis. = plate. Book.
0000 - Gale Group | SASII
Katsuhiko Hayashi, Ryosuke Nakashima, Keisuke Sakurai, Kimie Kitagawa, Seiji Yamasaki, Kunihiko Nishino, Akihito Yamaguchi,
... outer membrane channel TolC, and the adaptor protein AcrA. Although the crystal structures of each component of ... TolC function as trimers, but the number of AcrA molecules in the complex is now under debate. ... experiments have indicated that the stoichiometry of AcrB-AcrA-TolC is 1:1:1; on the other ... this study, we constructed 1:1-fixed AcrB-AcrA fusion proteins using various linkers. Surprisingly, all the ... suggest that a complex with equal amounts of AcrA and AcrB is sufficient for drug export function. ...
Tópico(s): Trace Elements in Health
2015 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Bacteriology
Robert Burton = Nathaniel Crouch. The initial leaf contains a half-title on the recto and an illustration on the verso. First published in 1686 as 'A view ...
0000 - Gale Group | SASII
Jessica M. A. Blair, Roberto M. La Ragione, Martin J. Woodward, Laura J. V. Piddock,
AcrA can function as the periplasmic adaptor protein (PAP) in several RND tripartite efflux pumps, of which ... this study was to investigate the role of AcrA alone in multidrug resistance and pathogenicity. The acrA gene was inactivated in Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 by ... cells in vitro was measured. Following disruption of acrA, RT–PCR and western blotting confirmed that acrB/AcrB was still expressed when acrA was disrupted. The acrA mutant was hypersusceptible to antibiotics, dyes and detergents. ...
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
2009 - Oxford University Press | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
... Letter. From William Low, Acting Governor. Government House, Acra.
0000 - Gale Group | NCCO EuropeAfrica
Michael Kowarik, N. Martin Young, Shin Numao, Benjamin L. Schulz, Isabelle Hug, Nico Callewaert, Dominic C. Mills, David C. Watson, Marcela Hernandez, John F. Kelly, Michael Wacker, Markus Aebi,
... the elements in the C. jejuni N-glycoprotein AcrA required for accepting an N-glycan. We found ... in C. jejuni N-glycoproteins. N-glycosylation of AcrA by the eukaryotic OST in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurred ... and mutation experiments with the C. jejuni protein AcrA expressed in Escherichia coli strains bearing the pgl ... position. Results What are the signals in the AcrA protein that trigger glycosylation? In order to analyze ... performed studies on the C. jejuni N-glycoprotein, AcrA (Parkhill et al, 2000; Wacker et al, 2002), ...
Tópico(s): Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
2006 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
... Letter. From William Low, Acting Governor. Government House, Acra.
0000 - Gale Group | NCCO EuropeAfrica
Cristina Alaimo, Ina Catrein, Laura Morf, Cristina L. Marolda, Nico Callewaert, Miguel A. Valvano, Mario F. Feldman, Markus Aebi,
... system was assessed by the analysis of the AcrA protein. AcrA carries two N-linked glycans (Wacker et al, ... N-glycosylation system. Figure 2A shows that the AcrA protein in the wild-type (wt) C. jejuni ... inactivation of the PglB oligosaccharyltransferase resulted in nonglycosylated AcrA that migrates faster in the gel (Figure 2A, lane 2). In the pglK mutant strain, three AcrA-specific bands were detected (Figure 2A, lane 3). ... correspond to diglycosylated, monoglycosylated, and unglycosylated forms of AcrA. Figure 2.N-glycosylation profile of C. jejuni ...
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
2006 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
... Letter. From William Low, Acting Governor. Government House, Acra.
0000 - Gale Group | NCCO EuropeAfrica
Summary Genetic data have suggested that TolC, AcrA and AcrB constitute a major antibiotic efflux system in Escherichia coli . Through reversion analysis of an unstable and antibiotic‐sensitive TolC mutant (TolC ... isolates contained 10 different missense mutations within the acrA gene, whereas a single isolate had a missense ... reversing the hypersensitivity phenotype of TolC P246R,S350C , AcrA and AcrR alterations elevated the mutant TolC protein ... unstable mutant TolC protein. Eight of the 10 AcrA alterations were clustered in the 202–265 region ...
Tópico(s): Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
2004 - Wiley | Molecular Microbiology
Elena B. Tikhonova, Helen I. Zgurskaya,
... of the proteins suggesting bi-partite interactions between AcrA, AcrB, and TolC. We show that antibiotics, the ... of the proteins suggesting bi-partite interactions between AcrA, AcrB, and TolC. We show that antibiotics, the ... TolC is presumably mediated by the periplasmic protein AcrA. All three components are required for efficient transport, ... complex. Previous hydrodynamic studies suggested that the purified AcrA protein is a highly asymmetric molecule with a ... the hydrodynamic estimate, electron microscopy crystallography showed that AcrA molecules form a coiled structure with the length ...
Tópico(s): Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
2004 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Hermia Ip, Kelly Stratton, Helen I. Zgurskaya, Jun Liu,
The multidrug efflux system AcrA-AcrB-TolC of Escherichia coli expels a wide range of drugs directly into the external medium from the bacterial cell. ... is not fully understood. Of an elongated shape, AcrA is thought to span the periplasmic space coordinating ... resonance) spectroscopy to investigate the molecular conformations of AcrA in solution. Ten AcrA mutants, each with an alanine to cysteine substitution, ... nitroxide spin label. EPR analysis of spin-labeled AcrA variants indicates that the side chain mobilities are ...
Tópico(s): Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
2003 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Christopher A. Elkins, Hiroshi Nikaido,
... agents in Escherichia coli . Previous studies showed that AcrA, a periplasmic protein of the membrane fusion protein ... not MdtB or MdtC, could also function with AcrA. When AcrB was assessed for the capacity to function with AcrA homologs, only AcrE, but not YhiU or MdtA, could complement an AcrA deficiency. Since AcrA could, but YhiU could not, function with AcrB, ... in order to determine the domain(s) of AcrA that is required for its support of AcrB ... N-terminal segment of the 398-residue protein AcrA could be replaced with a sequence coding for ...
Tópico(s): Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
2003 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Bacteriology
Takahiro Kawabe, Eiichi Fujihira, A. Yamaguchi,
... intrinsic efflux protein with a broad substrate specfflcit AcrA was thought to be localized in the periplasinic ... study, we have determined the cellular localization of AcrA. By using the osmotic shock method, sucrose density ... washing and Western blotting analysis, we reveal that AcrA is a peripheral inner membrane protein. A mutant plasmid encoding both the AcrA-TetBCt fusion protein and the AcrB-His fusion ... appearance of a 40 KDa band, indicating that AcrA co-precipitated with AcrB. Next we performed site- ...
Tópico(s): Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
2000 - Oxford University Press | The Journal of Biochemistry
Helen I. Zgurskaya, Hiroshi Nikaido,
AcrA protein is a component of the multi-drug efflux complex AcrAB-TolC of Escherichia coli. Judged by the hypersusceptibility phenotype of acrA mutants, the AcrAB-TolC system pumps out an ... channel TolC is thought to be mediated by AcrA. The latter is a lipoprotein located in the ... show here that a lipid-deficient derivative of AcrA is functionally active as demonstrated by the complementation of the hypersusceptibility phenotype of the acrA mutant. Purified non-lipidated and intact forms of AcrA were able to restore, with similar efficiency, the ...
Tópico(s): Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
1999 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Molecular Biology
Hugh Nakamura, Toshifumi Tojo, J. Greenberg,
... membrane phospholipid and to be located very near acrA (1). Genes acrA and plsA fall into different cistrons and are arranged in the order proC-acrA-plasA-purE. The genes were shown to interact with each other. Introduction of acrA mutation into a plsA temperature-sensitive mutant mitigated the heat sensitivity. Plasmid (F-gal+) stability in acrA mutants was restored by introduction of the plasA mutation into the acrA cells. When an Hfr plsA donor was conjugated with an acrA recipient, or when reciprocally conjugated, the exogenotes were ...
Tópico(s): DNA Repair Mechanisms
1975 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Bacteriology
Helen Smith, Jessica M. A. Blair,
... exists between the homologous periplasmic adaptor proteins (PAPs) AcrA and AcrE and to measure the impact of ... gene. The mutants were complemented with plasmids carrying acrA or acrE. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the mutants ... effect of inactivation of PAPs was additive; the acrA acrE mutant was more susceptible to certain antimicrobials and accumulated more Hoechst dye than single acrA, acrE or acrB mutants. In addition, the double ... epithelial cells poorly. The phenotypic defects of the acrA acrE mutant were ameliorated by expression of either ...
Tópico(s): Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
2013 - Oxford University Press | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Beibei Wang, Jingwei Weng, Kangnian Fan, Wenning Wang,
The membrane fusion protein (MFP) AcrA is proposed to link the inner membrane transporter AcrB and outer membrane protein TolC, forming the tripartite AcrAB–TolC efflux pump, ... functionally indispensible. Structural and EPR studies showed that AcrA has high conformational flexibility and exhibited pH-induced ... this study, we built the complete structure of AcrA through homology modeling and performed atomistic simulations of AcrA at different pH values. It was shown that the conformational flexibility of AcrA originates from the motions of α-hairpin and ...
Tópico(s): Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
2012 - American Chemical Society | The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Muriel Masi, Jean‐Marie Pagès, Elizabeth Pradel,
The tripartite AcrA-AcrB-TolC system is the major efflux pump of the nosocomial pathogen Enterobacter aerogenes. AcrA is a trimeric periplasmic lipoprotein anchored in the ... outer membrane channel. In order to reconstitute the AcrA-AcrB-TolC system of E. aerogenes in artificial ... and purified the three proteins. The E. aerogenes acrA, acrB and tolC open reading frames were individually ... by INAC (Immobilized Nickel Affinity Chromatography). The mature AcrA-6His was overproduced in a soluble form in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). AcrA-6His was purified under native conditions in two ...
Tópico(s): Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
2003 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Chromatography B
D Ma, David N. Cook, Marie Alberti, Ning G. Pon, Hiroshi Nikaido, John E. Hearst,
The DNA fragment containing the acrA locus of the Escherichia coli chromosome has been cloned by using a complementation test. The nucleotide sequence indicates the presence of ... at its N terminus. One inactive allele of acrA from strain N43 was shown to contain an ... into this ORF. Therefore, this ORF was designated acrA. The second downstream ORF is predicted to encode ... 049 amino acids and is named acrE. Genes acrA and acrE are probably located on the same ... of these polypeptides have been analyzed by making acrA::TnphoA and acrE::TnphoA fusion proteins. Interestingly, AcrA ...
Tópico(s): Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
1993 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Bacteriology
Maria A.C. van der Weijden, Laura M. van Vugt, Daphne Valk, Willem Wisselink, Richard M. van Vugt, Alexandre E. Voskuyl, Willem F. Lems,
... in differentiation between infection and ischemia of the acra in systemic sclerosis Maria A. C. van der ... ulcers and sometimes even to severe necrosis of acra. Furthermore, secondary infections and poor healing of wounds ... due to ischemia.1 In patients with painful acra because of ulcers it may be difficult to ... systemic sclerosis since 2000. Digital ulcers of her acra were the predominant features of her disease, resulting ... fever, only a slightly raised CRP, cold peripheral acra and a visible ulcer of digit I), the ...
Tópico(s): Bee Products Chemical Analysis
2016 - Wiley | International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
Jon W. Weeks, Teresa Celaya‐Kolb, Sara Pecora, Rajeev Misra,
... thought to interact with a hairpin helix of AcrA and hairpin loops of AcrB respectively. In the ... the mutant TolC protein to physically interact with AcrA and AcrB. A role for TolC turn 1 ... of the mutant TolC protein that mapped within acrA and by utilizing a labile AcrA protein. The data showed that AcrA-mediated suppression of antibiotic sensitivity was achieved by ... functional assembly of the tripartite efflux complex and AcrA in transitioning TolC from its closed to open ...
Tópico(s): Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
2010 - Wiley | Molecular Microbiology
Qiang Ge, Yoichi Yamada, Helen I. Zgurskaya,
... of the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli AcrA, a periplasmic component of the multidrug efflux pump ... domain (amino acid residues 315 to 397) of AcrA in vitro. We next used these sites as ... evaluate the structural integrity of this domain of AcrA inside the periplasm. We found that the C-terminal domain of AcrA is protected from trypsin when the tripartite efflux ... acid residues of the C-terminal domain of AcrA showed that a single G363C substitution dramatically impairs ... We conclude that the C-terminal domain of AcrA plays an important role in the assembly and ...
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
2009 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Bacteriology
Eiji Nikaido, Akihito Yamaguchi, Kunihiko Nishino,
... Clontech). DNA Mobility Shift Assay—Upstream regions of acrA and tolC were amplified by PCR. The PCR ... PPT) RamA Binds to the Upstream Regions of acrA and tolC—The aforementioned results indicate that RamA ... negative control in subsequent EMSA. Upstream regions of acrA were amplified by PCR, and the fragments were ... is located between -795 and -142 upstream of acrA (Fig. 6B). RamA did bind to the upstream ... and tolC. Determination of RamA-binding Sites for acrA and tolC—To determine the RamA-binding site for acrA, we prepared different lengths of DNA fragments for ...
Tópico(s): Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
2008 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Ganesh Krishnamoorthy, Elena B. Tikhonova, Helen I. Zgurskaya,
... complex capable of transenvelope transport. In this complex, AcrA is a periplasmic membrane fusion protein that establishes ... MexB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Surprisingly, we found that AcrA is promiscuous and can form a partially functional complex with MexB and TolC. The chimeric AcrA-MexB-TolC complex protected cells from sodium dodecyl ... We next identified single and double mutations in AcrA and MexB that enabled the complete functional fit between AcrA, MexB, and TolC. Mutations in either the alpha- ...
Tópico(s): Trace Elements in Health
2007 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Bacteriology
Sun Kwang Kim, Hak Jin Moon, Hyo Suk Na, Kye Jin Kim, Ji Hoon Kim, Jung Hyuk Park, Sang Hoon Lee, Sung Soo Rhim, Soon‐Geul Lee, Byung-Il Min,
... Thus we developed an automatically controlled rotating acupuncture (ACRA) system. The present study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic effects of ACRA using 4 different stimulation conditions (i.e., angle ... was measured before and after 15 min of ACRA stimulation at the Zusanli (ST36) acupoint. ACRA stimulations under all of the conditions above produced ... only), but only the 90° + 1/4 Hz ACRA condition showed a statistically significant effect versus PA ( ... the analgesic effect of 90° + 1/4 Hz ACRA was reversed by pretreatment with naloxone (2 mg/ ...
Tópico(s): Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
2006 - BioMed Central | The Journal of Physiological Sciences
Jonathan Mikolosko, Kostyantyn D. Bobyk, Helen I. Zgurskaya, Partho Ghosh,
... as typified by the extensively characterized Escherichia coli AcrA-AcrB-TolC system. The inner membrane drug:proton ... activity of the third component, the periplasmic protein AcrA. The crystal structures of AcrB and TolC have ... presenting the structure of a stable fragment of AcrA. The AcrA fragment resembles the elongated sickle shape of its ... flexibility in the α-helical hairpin domain of AcrA is observed, which has potential mechanistic significance in coupling between AcrA conformations and TolC channel opening.
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
2006 - Elsevier BV | Structure
Hakobu Nakamura, Atsushi Suganuma,
... to acriflavine in the acriflavine-sensitive strain (genotype acrA ) than in the acriflavine-resistant (genotype acrA + ) strain. There was no difference between two types ... wall. Differences in the electron-microscopic figures between acrA and acrA + cells was found in the plasma membrane, surface ... action is on the plasma membrane, and the acrA mutation is mediated by it. On the basis ... phenethyl alcohol and sodium dodecyl sulfate between the acrA and acrA + strains, previously reported, are attributable to a structural ...
Tópico(s): Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
1972 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Bacteriology
Ilyas Alav, Vassiliy N. Bavro, Jessica M. A. Blair,
... the residues required for binding between the PAP AcrA and the RND transporter AcrB and have demonstrated ... transporters. AcrE and AcrD/AcrF are homologues of AcrA and AcrB, respectively. Here, we show that AcrE ... PAP-RND interactions and corresponding mutations generated in acrA and acrE. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the mutant strains ... the previously defined PAP-RND interaction sites in AcrA/AcrE impaired efflux of AcrD-dependent substrates.These ... conserved RND binding sites validates the interchangeability of AcrA and AcrE, highlighting them as potential drug targets ...
Tópico(s): Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
2021 - Oxford University Press | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy