M. L. Linton, L. Ch. Boislinere, John T. Hodgen, Samuel B. Houts, S. Pollak, Ira Russell, James H. Peabody, Thos. Kennard, Chas. H. Hughes, Benjamin F. Shumard, George Engelmann, A. Wislizenus, Lionel Beale, Lionel S. Beal, Spencer Smith, M. D. Senter, Henry G. Clark, Dewitt C. Peters, C. D. Meigs, James Palfrey, John O'Reilly, Edward Parrish, John E. Bowman, F. B. Moore, Jos. K. Barnes,
... University, "On the Structure of the So-Called Apolar, Unipolar, and Bipolar Nerve Cells of the Frog. " ...
1864 - Gale Group | NCCO-STM 1of2
Martin H. Johnson, Julia Chisholm, Tom P. Fleming, Evelyn Houliston,
... the other lacks such a domain and is apolar. Alternatively, if the cleavage plane runs approximately parallel ... those derived from nonarrested controls i.e. polar-apolar pairs or polar-polar pairs with polar continuity ... 8-cell blastomere and a population of inner, apolar cells each derived from the basal region of ... 8-cell blastomere. The ratio of polar to apolar cells will depend on the relative frequency of ... see later). Amongst the properties that distinguish the apolar and polar cells, perhaps the most important in ...
Tópico(s): Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
1986 - The Company of Biologists | Development
Pilar Domenech, Michael B. Reed, Cynthia S. Dowd, Claudia Manca, Gilla Kaplan, Clifton E. Barry,
... 3:48:47. Alternatively, separation of bacteria-associated apolar and polar lipids was accomplished by two petroleum ether extractions (apolar) prior to chloroform:methanol extraction, following the procedures ... Humane Press Inc., Totowa, NJ2001: 229-245Google Scholar). Apolar lipids present in the culture supernatant were extracted ... mmol) as is indicated above. Bacteria-associated lipids (apolar for SL-1, polar for SL-N, prepared ... mutant with [1-14C]propionic acid. Bacteria-associated "apolar" (petroleum ether-extractable) and "polar" (chloroform:methanol-extractable) ...
Tópico(s): Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
2004 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Hye-Ok Chung, Qing Yang, Kevin Catt, Krishan K. Arora,
... the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor contains an apolar amino acid in this region at a constant ... which predicts that Leu237 is caged by several apolar amino acids (Ile233, Ile234, and Val240 in TM ... hydrophobic cluster. These findings indicate that the conserved apolar residue (Leu237) in the third intracellular loop is ... the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor contains an apolar amino acid in this region at a constant ... which predicts that Leu237 is caged by several apolar amino acids (Ile233, Ile234, and Val240 in TM ...
Tópico(s): Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
1999 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Satoshi Fujita, Damien De Bellis, Kai H. Edel, Philipp Köster, Tonni Grube Andersen, Emanuel Schmid‐Siegert, Valérie Dénervaud Tendon, Alexandre Pfister, Peter Marhavý, Robertas Ursache, Verónica G. Doblas, Marie Barberon, Jean Daraspe, Audrey Creff, Gwyneth Ingram, Jörg Kudla, Niko Geldner,
... generating a tissue-wide diffusion barrier. Figure 1. Apolar SGN1 leads to ectopic lignin accumulation in endodermal ... Click here to expand this figure. Figure EV1. Apolar SGN1 leads to ectopic lignin accumulation in endodermal ... views of suberin deposition patterns in polar- or apolar-SGN1 transgenic lines. esb1 (enhanced suberin 1) is ... ANOVA and Tukey test). Download figure Download PowerPoint Apolar SGN1 kinase leads to constitutive barrier defect signaling ... generated a SGN1 variant that localized in an apolar fashion, by adding a myristoylation (myr) and palmitoylation ( ...
Tópico(s): Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
2020 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
... characterized by a stretch of 7–25 mainly apolar residues (Walter and Johnson, 1994). The signal is ... 1995). Another one is the hydrophobicity of the apolar core of the signal itself. The more hydrophobic ... been proposed that a hydrophobicity gradient within the apolar core of the signal affects orientation, rather than ... prevent membrane passage of positive charges near the apolar signal sequence (van Klompenburg et al., 1997). Similarly, ... group of the polypeptide and an arginine). The apolar core of the signal was replaced by an ...
Tópico(s): RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
2003 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
Annalisa Arcella, Guillem Portella, Rosana Collepardo‐Guevara, Debayan Chakraborty, David J. Wales, Modesto Orozco,
... nature of DNA when placed in a highly apolar environment and when transferred from aqueous to apolar solvent. Our results show that DNA becomes stiffer in apolar solvents and suggest that highly negatively charged states, ... most prevalent in water, are strongly disfavored in apolar solvents and neutral states with conformations not far ... the dominant forms. Transfer from water to an apolar solvent such as CCl4 is unlikely to occur, ... form (predicted to be the dominant one in apolar solvents) would surround itself by a small number ...
Tópico(s): RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
2014 - American Chemical Society | The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Shihadeh Anani, Shivani Bhat, Nobuko Honma-Yamanaka, Dayana Krawchuk, Yojiro Yamanaka,
... cell division generate two cell types, polar and apolar cells, that are allocated to outer and inner ... and give rise to the placenta, whereas inner apolar cells become ICM and give rise to the ... blastomeres divided asymmetrically in most embryos. Interestingly, many apolar cells in 16-cell embryos were located at outer positions, whereas only one or two apolar cells were located at inner positions. Live imaging analysis showed that outer apolar cells were eventually internalized by surrounding polar cells. ...
Tópico(s): Congenital heart defects research
2014 - The Company of Biologists | Development
Renata G. Mathys, Andreas Schmid, Oemer M. Kut, Bernard Witholt,
... substrates and/or products are dissolved in an apolar phase while microorganisms are suspended in an aqueous ... The effect of aqueous phase contaminants in the apolar phase on the separation of products from the apolar phase by batch distillation is described in this paper. Various amounts of polar phase, emulsified apolar phase and microorganisms normally present in the two- ... unit in separating 1-octanol from such contaminated apolar phases was determined. Further, the bulk properties of the emulsified apolar phase, such as its composition, the nature and ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Control Systems Optimization
1998 - Wiley | Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology
Yuanyuan Hou, Mingming Liu, Liping Zhang, Min Li, Dong Wang, Jingyan Liu, Shaohai Fu,
... is proposed to build superwetting surfaces in polar-apolar liquids system. The copper mesh/foam (CuM/CuF) ... protected] as filtration membranes that performed superlyophobicity to apolar liquid under polar liquids was used to separate the heavy polar liquid-light apolar liquid mixtures. Besides, the [email protected]@Thiol with superlyophbicitiy to polar liquids under apolar liquids could be applied for the filtrating separation of light polar liquid-heavy apolar liquid mixtures. Moreover, the [email protected] with superlyophilic ...
Tópico(s): High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena
2020 - Elsevier BV | Separation and Purification Technology
Joseph M. Jez, Brian P. Schlegel, T.M. Penning,
... binding of NADPH. Trp86 is located within an apolar cleft, while Trp227 is found on an opposing ... enzyme. Our results demonstrate that Trp86 and the apolar cleft is part of the substrate binding pocket. ... evidence that tryptophans on opposite sides of the apolar cleft are part of the steroid binding pocket ... A model of how androstanedione binds in the apolar cleft is developed. These data provide further evidence ... binding of NADPH. Trp86 is located within an apolar cleft, while Trp227 is found on an opposing ...
Tópico(s): Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
1996 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Huanran Yu, Hiroshi Narusawa, Kisae Itoh, Akihiro Oshi, Narutoshi Yoshino, K. Ohbu, Toshiaki Shirakawa, Kazuhiro Fukada, Masatoshi Fujii, Tadashi Kato, Tsutomu Seimiya,
The hydrophilicity of polar and apolar domains of various amphiphiles was systematically estimated for their homologues and analogues by measuring the molar adiabatic compressibility of an aqueous ... groups (n=0-10) were chosen to represent apolar hydrophobic domains. The polar hydrophilic domains tested were - ... sign of the core atom across the tetraphenyl apolar shell, the polyethylene glycols H(OCH(2)CH( ... m=1-4) to study the role of apolar -CH(2)- units in the hydrophilic oxyethylene group, ... the surfactant. The hydrophilicity of various polar and apolar substances was estimated as the decrease of molar ...
Tópico(s): Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
2000 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
Ananyo A. Bhattacharya, Stephen Curry, Nicholas P. Franks,
... are amphiphilic in nature, with both polar and apolar parts, and anesthetic binding causes only minor changes ... are amphiphilic in nature, with both polar and apolar parts, and anesthetic binding causes only minor changes ... 2 B and Table III) binds in an apolar pocket with the phenolic hydroxyl group, making a ... One of the two isopropyl groups makes numerous apolar contacts at one end of the pocket, whereas ... The second molecule (HAL2) is in a predominantly apolar environment (Ala-213, Leu-347, Ala-350 and ...
Tópico(s): Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
2000 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
... deep active site cleft and by exploiting an apolar binding site near the catalytic residues as well ... the hydrophobic residues Leu9 and Phe8 to the apolar binding site (15Stubbs M.T. Oschkinat H. Mayer ... points toward the bulk solvent, away from the apolar binding site. Instead, the aryl binding site of ... rather distant along the peptide chain, in the apolar binding site. In PPACK, the benzyl side chain ... in a polypeptide substrate would point toward the apolar binding site (6Bode W. Turk D. Karshikov A. ...
Tópico(s): Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
2000 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
N. A. M. Besseling, J. Lyklema,
... theory for water to study the dissolution of apolar solutes. The treatment is based on a model ... All the peculiar observations on the dissolution of apolar molecules in water, i.e. temperature dependence of solubility, the Gibbs energy of transfer from apolar medium into water, and its entropic and enthalpic ... the peculiar temperature dependence of the solubility of apolar compounds in water and of the isobaric density ... of pure water or upon dissolution of small apolar molecules, a subtle enhancement occurs of the type ...
Tópico(s): Thermodynamic properties of mixtures
1997 - American Chemical Society | The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
... BotanyVolume 57, Issue 1 p. 111-119 Article APOLAR EMBRYOS OF FUCUS RESULTING FROM OSMOTIC AND CHEMICAL ... m sucrose-seawater, 97% of the embryos were apolar at 2 days; only 37% were apolar at 4 days, many having recovered from the sucrose inhibition. Some embryos remained apolar after growth in 0.6 m sucrose for ... sugar alcohol D-mannitol were also effective. When apolar embryos grown in sucrose-seawater were returned to ... among a number of the cells of the apolar embryos. The implications of this finding are discussed. ...
Tópico(s): Marine and coastal plant biology
1970 - Wiley | American Journal of Botany
Martin H. Johnson, Carol A. Ziomek,
Newly formed polar and apolar 116 blastomeres were isolated and cultured singly, or in various combinations, through division to form 32-cell blastomeres. The morphology ... of the cell combination used. In most polar + apolar couplets, the polar cell enveloped the apolar cell, and following division, a 432 cluster was ... two ICM-like internal cells derived from the apolar cells. A polar cell cultured in isolation divided ... cells was 4:0 or 3:1. Most apolar cells cultured together in couplets polarized, and generated ...
Tópico(s): CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
1983 - Elsevier BV | Developmental Biology
Pensri Whiting, Laurence Dinan,
... eggs of the house cricket Acheta domesticus contain apolar ecdysteroid conjugates, which we have hypothesized to be ... A. domesticus in vitro convert [3H]ecdysone into apolar conjugates identical with those found in newly laid ... ovaries are the major site of production of apolar metabolites. Apolar metabolites are also produced to a lesser extent ... derivatives (acetonide and acetates) of these 3H-labelled apolar conjugates strongly indicates that the position of conjugation ... ecdysone. Extensive chromatographic analysis of the 3H-labelled apolar metabolites produced by the ovaries by t.l. ...
Tópico(s): Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
1988 - Portland Press | Biochemical Journal
Alessandra Pesce, Marco Nardini, Sylvia Dewilde, Luciana Capece, Marcelo A. Martí, Sonia Congia, M.D. Salter, George C. Blouin, Darío A. Estrı́n, Paolo Ascenzi, Luc Moëns, Martino Bolognesi, John S. Olson,
The large apolar tunnel traversing the mini-hemoglobin from Cerebratulus lacteus (CerHb) has been examined by x-ray crystallography, ligand binding ... CerHb show a low energy pathway through the apolar tunnel when Leu or Ala, but not Phe ... computed energy barriers for ligand movement through the apolar tunnel. Both the addition of xenon to the ... 44(E7) conformer is thermodynamically favored. The large apolar tunnel traversing the mini-hemoglobin from Cerebratulus lacteus ( ... CerHb show a low energy pathway through the apolar tunnel when Leu or Ala, but not Phe ...
Tópico(s): Protein Structure and Dynamics
2010 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Matthew Gacek, Galen Brooks, John C. Berg,
... charging behavior of mineral oxide particles dispersed in apolar media. There are a growing number of applications that seek to use electrostatic effects in apolar media to control particle movement and improve aggregation ... the possible extension of this charging behavior to apolar systems, with the key difference that the surface ... molecules instead of free ions in solution. The apolar charging behavior is explored by measuring the electrophoretic ... for the theory of acid–base charging in apolar media and represents a method for predicting and ...
Tópico(s): Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
2012 - American Chemical Society | Langmuir
Chongwoo A. Kim, M.R. Sawaya, Duilio Cascio, Woojae Kim, James U. Bowie,
... 45-Å repeat distance for Ph-SAM. The apolar residues buried in the interfaces of all three ... SAM. Like the Ph-SAM binding interface, the apolar and polar interactions are in separate clusters with ... the outside (Fig. 1, c and d). The apolar residues Ala-49, Met-57, and Tyr-61, ... have included Asn-74 as part of the apolar domain because it plays a similar role to ... escapes to solvent. Another minor difference between the apolar regions of the binding interface is the addition ... SAM polymers, the interaction can be divided into apolar and polar domains (see Fig. 3b). A detailed ...
Tópico(s): RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
2005 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Bronisław Jańczuk, J.M. Bruque, M.L. González-Martı́n, J DELPOZO, Anna Zdziennicka, Francisco Quintana-Gragera,
Using the values of water–apolar liquid, glycerol–apolar liquid, formamide–apolar liquid, and ethylene glycol–apolar liquid surface or interfacial tension taken from the literature, the ... constant, but depend on the kind of polar–apolar liquid system and the way the values are ... impossible to predict the interfacial tensions of polar–apolar liquids as well as polymer–liquid systems with ... β values have also been determined from polar–apolar liquid interfacial tensions.
Tópico(s): Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization
1996 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
Vincent Rampon, Chantal Brossard, Nadine Mouhous-Riou, Benoı̂t Bousseau, Geneviève Llamas, Claude Génot,
... at the interfaces often contain a hydrocarbon as apolar phase instead of natural triglycerides as found in ... the interface depends on the nature of the apolar phase. Front-surface fluorescence spectroscopy was used to ... at the interface of emulsions prepared with different apolar phases: an hydrocarbon (n-dodecane), a synthetic medium- ... in samples containing dodecane than with the other apolar phases. Fourth derivative spectra of emulsions and creams ... lower in dodecane emulsions than with the other apolar phases. These results evidence that the mean environment ...
Tópico(s): Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
2004 - Elsevier BV | Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
... m sucrose‐seawater, 97% of the embryos were apolar at 2 days; only 37% were apolar at 4 days, many having recovered from the sucrose inhibition. Some embryos remained apolar after growth in 0.6 m sucrose for ... sugar alcohol D‐mannitol were also effective. When apolar embryos grown in sucrose‐seawater were returned to ... among a number of the cells of the apolar embryos. The implications of this finding are discussed. ...
Tópico(s): Marine and coastal plant biology
1970 - Wiley | American Journal of Botany
Lawrence R. Pratt, David Chandler,
... and thermodynamic properties of infinitely dilute solutions of apolar solutes in liquid water. The theory is based ... for the pair correlation functions associated with spherical apolar species dissolved in water. It requires as input ... by computing thermodynamic properties for aqueous solutions of apolar solute species. The predictions of both the Henry’ ... discussed. Analysis of pair correlation functions between spherical apolar species indicates that the hydrophobic interaction becomes more ... presented which indicate that the insertion of an apolar species increases the intermolecular structure of water in ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
1977 - American Institute of Physics | The Journal of Chemical Physics
J. A. Pavlisko, C. G. Overberger,
... in aqueous solutions. Polymeric catalysts that contain isolated apolar blocks exhibited enhanced catalytic activity for the hydrolysis ... compounds. This rate enhancement was atributed to the apolar binding of substrate within the apolar polymer regime. Twenty‐to 100‐fold increases in ... a significant hydrophobic interaction. The contribution of the apolar block to the hydrophobic interaction was masked in ... to a substrate‐imidazole intermediate rather than the apolar block of the catalyst. The pH‐rate profiles ...
Tópico(s): DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
1981 - Wiley | Journal of Polymer Science Polymer Chemistry Edition
Lynn M. Wiley, Michael Femi Obasaju,
... cell-stage plasma membrane insert) and 30% were apolar (contain an apolar 16-cell-stage plasma membrane insert). Polar heterokaryons were distinguished from apolar ones by labeling their apical domains with fluorescent ... to the apical plasma membrane domain, while in apolar heterokaryons both nuclei were located centrally. Two inhibitors ... their effect on nuclear position in polar and apolar heterokaryons after a 4-hr incubation in either ... either inhibitor. Neither inhibitor affected nuclear position in apolar heterokaryons. These observations agree with the hypothesis that ...
Tópico(s): Reproductive Biology and Fertility
1989 - Elsevier BV | Developmental Biology
Marı́a Isabel Cambero Rodríguez, Lorenzo de la Hoz, Bernabé Sanz, Juan Antonio Ordóñez Pereda,
The apolar lipid contents and the fatty acid composition of meat from two rabbit breeds (New Zealand white and ... fibre levels have been studied. The total and apolar lipid content of meat from both rabbit breeds ... wet weight). The individual lipid classes of the apolar fraction are described. Triglycerides accounted for more than 80% of total apolar lipids. The fat from rabbit meat is comparatively ... 0 and C-18:2 of total and apolar lipids were found.
Tópico(s): Meat and Animal Product Quality
1991 - Elsevier BV | Meat Science
Kenneth P. Murphy, Stanley J. Gill,
... value. At these temperatures (TH∗ and TS∗) the apolar contributions to the corresponding thermodynamic values (ΔH° and ... a large positive contribution from the exposure of apolar groups and a significant negative contribution from the ... groups in agreement with previous results. The large apolar contribution suggests that a liquid hydrocarbon model of the hydrophobic effect does not accurately represent the apolar contribution to ΔH° of denaturation. Rather, significant enthalpic ... i.e. number of residues, fraction of buried apolar groups and fraction of hydrogen bonds) with their ...
Tópico(s): Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
1991 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Molecular Biology
Dietmar Paschek, Thorsten Köddermann, Ralf Ludwig,
... simulations characterizing the solvation and interaction of small apolar particles such as methane and xenon in imidazolium- ... the anomalous temperature dependence of the solubility of apolar particles in the infinite dilution regime. We observe that the "solvophobic solvation" of small apolar particles in ILs is governed by compensating entropic ... very much like the hydrophobic hydration of small apolar particles in liquid water. In addition, our simulations clearly indicate that the solvent mediated interaction of apolar particles dissolved in ILs is similarly driven by ...
Tópico(s): Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
2008 - American Physical Society | Physical Review Letters