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... Gallery Revenge of the rat catcher When Frank Balun was prosecuted for killing a rodent he smelt ...
1994 - Gale Group | TDA
Wouter van Verre, Frank Podd, Xianyang Gao, David J. Daniels, A. J. Peyton,
... measurement systems, including ground-penetrating radar (GPR) sensors. Baluns are essential components in these systems to feed balanced antennas from unbalanced feed cables. Baluns are typically introduced to avoid issues with return ... additional clutter from common mode radiation. The different balun technologies currently available exhibit a wide variation in ... this study, the performance of two magnetic transformer baluns, two tapered microstrip baluns and an active balun based on high-speed amplifiers were investigated, all ...
Tópico(s): Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
2021 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Remote Sensing
1799, June - December. Letter. To Mr Balun.
0000 - Gale Group | NCCO BritishPolitics
... are inefficient. To resolve this bottleneck, we analyze balun response under load variation and subsequently propose the Doherty PA architecture with impedance inverting and scaling baluns that perform active load modulation on differential PAs ... input stage, instead of utilizing the transformer-based balun commonly used at RF and low mm-Wave frequencies, we explore the coupler-based balun to resonate out the device parasitic capacitance and ... derive the [Y] matrix of the coupler-based balun and originate various solutions for baluns that can ...
Tópico(s): Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
2020 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
Jianpeng Wang, Feng Huang, Lei Zhu, Chuantao Cai, Wen Wu,
A comprehensive study of a new planar-type balun prototype is presented in this paper for application in the design of balun bandpass filters (BPFs) with widely used open-type resonators. The proposed balun is in general composed of two identical back- ... presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed balun. Afterward, two types of the coupled line prototypes are analyzed to implement the proposed balun with filtering response, whereas a basic rule is ... To further demonstrate the validity of the proposed balun prototype, two practical balun BPFs with common dual- ...
Tópico(s): Photonic and Optical Devices
2016 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Kyei Anim, Dong‐Uk Sim, Young‐Bae Jung,
... the proposed planar LPDA antenna (a) Arrow-shaped balun, (b) Meander section of feedline, (c) Trapezoidal stub ... antenna's operating frequency range. 2.2.3 Balun Finally, the fabricated LPDA antenna will eventually be ... maintain a balanced transmission line, an arrow-shaped balun is used to feed the LPDA antenna as depicted in Fig. 8a.With the balun structure, the coaxial cable transmission mode (quasi-TEM ... transmission mode (full TEM). The concept of a balun is based on the Klopfenstein microstrip tapered line, ...
Tópico(s): Antenna Design and Optimization
2016 - Institution of Engineering and Technology | IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation
Hua‐Yen Chung, Hwann‐Kaeo Chiou, Yuan‐Chia Hsu, Tsung‐Yu Yang, Chia-Long Chang,
Ruthroff-type transmission line transformers (TLTs) and baluns prevail over their broadband and low-loss performance. A typical Ruthroff-type balun with a 1:4 step-up impedance transformation ratio was ... integrated passive devices (IPDs) process. Moreover, two proposed baluns with step-down impedance transformation ratios of 1: ... one Ruthroff-type TLT and one Ruthroff-type balun. The two proposed impedance step-down baluns whose balanced impedance is lower than unbalanced impedance make Ruthroff-type balun more flexible for applications; meanwhile, fabricating the baluns ...
Tópico(s): Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
2014 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging and Manufacturing Technology
A split coaxial balun with a step transition of the inner conductor diameter is introduced to satisfy impedance matching between unbalanced feeder and ... the step transition along the axis of the balun and the diameter change are two dimensional parameters ... are not present in the conventional split coaxial balun. These additional parameters, together with the double slot width, provide more flexibility to design the balun for better impedance matching. The effects of the ... at the (unbalanced) coaxial line side of the balun are investigated when it is terminated with specific ...
Tópico(s): Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
2014 - Hindawi Publishing Corporation | International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Dong Sik Woo, Young-Ki Cho, Kang Wook Kim,
... types of microstrip-(MS-) to-coplanar stripline (CPS) baluns have been analyzed through simulations and measurements, and ... performance are investigated. The impedance bandwidth of the balun determined by a back-to-back configuration can sometimes overestimate the balun operating bandwidth. With the conventional balun with a 180° phase delay line, it is observed that the balun balance over the operating frequencies becomes much more ... 1 λ g . As compared with the conventional balun, the proposed MS-to-CPS balun demonstrated very ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
2013 - Hindawi Publishing Corporation | International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Fang Zhu, Wei Hong, Jixin Chen, Ke Wu,
In this paper, ultra-wideband (UWB) Marchand baluns using substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) technology are first proposed. SICL is a shielded planar coaxial line, which is very suitable for wideband ... bandwidth and better VSWR performance of the SICL balun, a pair of quarter-wave impedance transformers are ... line. The impedance characteristics of the proposed SICL baluns are analyzed, and the parameters that determine the balun bandwidth are discussed. Then, curves of the balun resistance, reactance, and the SICL characteristic impedance are ...
Tópico(s): Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
2012 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
... design equations of compact impedance-transforming 3-dB baluns are suggested for theoretically perfect isolation and perfect matching at all ports. Any balun consists of two impedance transformers, being 180° out ... delay of the compact impedance transformers. The compact balun with -90° phase delay of the compact impedance transformer is called the compact II-type balun and the one with non -90° phase delay ... wave-ratio type transmission-line impedance transformer (CVT) balun. Three isolation circuits are derived for the compact ...
Tópico(s): Full-Duplex Wireless Communications
2010 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Hwann‐Kaeo Chiou, Tsung‐Yu Yang,
This study presents an asymmetric broadside coupled balun with low-loss broadband characteristics for mixer designs. The correlation between balun impedance and a 3D multilayer CMOS structure are discussed and analyzed. ... meander coupled lines are adopted to implement the baluns. Three balanced mixers that comprise three miniature asymmetric broadside coupled Marchand baluns are implemented to demonstrate the applicability to MOS technology. Both a single and dual balun occupy an area of only 0.06 mm ...
Tópico(s): Photonic and Optical Devices
2008 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Byoung Hwa Lee, Dong Seok Park, Sang Soo Park, Min Cheol Park,
This paper proposes a new balun that is composed of three coupled quarter-wavelength lines. The proposed balun is optimized by using design of experiments to achieve ... After the optimization, it is transformed into the balun consisting of a pair of coupled quarter-wavelength ... are presented. It is shown that this new balun can be made more compact, providing good performances over the wide frequency range. Therefore, the balun developed here is applicable to many wireless and ... The design equation for a given set of balun impedances at unbalanced and balanced ports is derived ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Power Amplifier Design
2006 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Ping-Chun Yeh, Wei-Cheng Liu, Hwann‐Kaeo Chiou,
This work reports a novel lump-element balun for use in a miniature monolithic subharmonically pumped resistive mixer (SPRM) microwave monolithic integrated circuit. The proposed balun is simply analogous to the traditional Marchand balun. The coupled transmission lines are replaced by lump elements, significantly reducing the size of the balun. This balun requires no complicated three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations, multilayers ... parameters are easily calculated. A 2.4-GHz balun is demonstrated using printed circuit board technology. The ...
Tópico(s): Superconducting and THz Device Technology
2005 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters
... sometimes referred to as balanced to unbalanced transformers (baluns). In this paper, we classify three fundamental types of baluns and show that all three can be derived ... scatterer present an intrinsically unbalanced load to the balun. We show that in such situations the current balun is the only appropriate balun to employ. For numerous antenna metrology applications, in ... four-port hybrid networks have been employed as baluns. Network relations are derived relating the so-called voltage and current baluns to the 180/spl deg/, four-port hybrid ...
Tópico(s): Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
2002 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
Egbert J. A. Spaans, John M. Baker,
... 668-673 Division S-1—Soil Physic Simple Baluns in Parallel Probes for Time Domain Reflectometry Egbert ... probes, and the required use of an expensive balun. In addition, signal attenuation in the balun hampered accurate EC determination. We describe a balun that avoids these limitations. It is a 1:1 balun, which means that it converts the electrical field ... but no impedance transformation takes place. Consequently, this balun does not attenuate low-frequency signals, which is inherent to commonly used commerical 1:4 baluns. The balun is inexpensive and easy to fabricate, ...
Tópico(s): Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
1993 - Wiley | Soil Science Society of America Journal
The compensated balun, first described by Marchand and later reinvented by Roberts, is found to have much broader band-widths than realized by either author. This balun is analyzed here and the parameters which determine ... are presented which allow the design of a balun having any bandwidth. The practical considerations which preclude ... of infinite bandwidths are pointed out. Since the balun is one-quarter wavelength long at center frequency, the balun can be less than one-twentieth wavelength at ... are discused. The reactance slope of the compensated balun is controllable, which allows the balun to directly ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
1966 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Md Hedayatullah Maktoomi, Han Ren, Marvin Marbell, Victor Klein, Richard Wilson, Bayaner Arigong,
... this article, a three-port uniplanar microstrip line balun is proposed to transform the balanced complex load ... bandwidth of the proposed real-complex impedance transforming balun. With the proposed design theory, the impedance trajectory follower splitting and combining baluns are designed for wideband push-pull power amplifier ( ... a real-complex impedance transforming uniplanar microstrip line balun is designed and characterized at 1 GHz. Then, ... the wideband PPPA with impedance trajectory follower microstrip baluns is designed, fabricated, and validated in experiment. For ...
Tópico(s): Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
2020 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Abdul Ali, Jongwon Yun, Herman Jalli Ng, Dietmar Kissinger, F. Giannini, Paolo Colantonio,
In this paper, we report a high-performance balun with characteristics suitable for future broadband sub-THz differential circuits. The idea of the balun is based on three asymmetric coupled lines, which ... stubs in one of the arms of the balun are connected with vias and a lower metal layer. The balun is developed using the standard 130-nm SiGe ... dB reflection coefficient (S 11 ) bandwidth of the balun is 136 GHz (88–224 GHz). It shows ... GHz. Furthermore, a scaled-down version of the balun operates on the WR-6, WR-5, and ...
Tópico(s): Superconducting and THz Device Technology
2019 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Applied Sciences
Toru Fukasawa, Naofumi Yoneda, Hiroaki Miyashita,
... and ground plane are small and asymmetric. A balun is proposed for use in antenna measurement to reduce the influence of measurement cables. Baluns were originally utilized for a transformer set between ... such as a dipole antenna. Many types of baluns are used to transform unbalanced lines into balanced ... However, when it comes to the utilization of baluns for antenna measurement, it is not clear whether all types of baluns can reduce the influence of the measurement cable. In this paper, baluns are sorted into two groups with regard to ...
Tópico(s): Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
2019 - IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society | IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Hua Zhu, Xiuping Li, Weiwei Feng, Jun Xiao, Jianhua Zhang,
... on M1, via holes from M1 to M8, baluns on M8 and M1, ground on M1 and ... from M1 to M8. A microstrip via-hole balun acts as an unbalance-to-balance transformer from ... and the fundamental frequency band. The lengths of baluns are all approximately a quarter-wavelength. The ground plane of the balun and the lower arm of the double-layer ... the top strip and ground plane of the balun, feed point 2 of the dipole arm is ... plane (M1) of the double-layer dipole and balun at 235 GHz. Surface current density vectors also ...
Tópico(s): Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
2017 - Institution of Engineering and Technology | IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation
Mi Zhou, Jin Shao, Bayaner Arigong, Han Ren, Jun Ding, Hualiang Zhang,
... types (Type-I and Type-II) of microwave baluns with generalized structures are presented. Different from the conventional transmission-line-based baluns where λ/2 transmission lines or λ/4 microstrip lines are used, the proposed baluns are constructed by transmission lines with arbitrary electrical lengths. Both of the two types of baluns are designed based on a symmetric four-port ... is applied to analyze the performance of these baluns. Specifically, for the Type-I design, a symmetrical ... transformer is employed to realize the desired flexible balun function. For the Type-II design, an asymmetric ...
Tópico(s): Antenna Design and Analysis
2014 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters
... reported design and implementation of triple-band Marchand balun filter. The novel balun filter is constructed from the short-circuited coupled ... and susceptance-slope discrepancies are employed in the balun filter design. Four types of triple-band balun filters with significantly different bandwidths and passband separations ... The design procedure for the triple-band Marchand balun filter is established to obtain the amplitude and ... center frequencies and fractional bandwidths. The proposed Marchand balun filter realized by the microstrip coupled-line sections ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
2013 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
It is pointed out that parallel-connected baluns (4:1 impedance transformation) have approximately four times the operating bandwidth of series-connected baluns (1:1 impedance transformation). The simple theory of uncompensated resonant baluns is discussed, and design curves are presented which may be used to design any balun of this type. Experimental results are given on one type of parallel-connected balun showing it capable of a 25:1 operating ... predicted by theory. Operating over this bandwidth, the balun is only /spl lambda/ / 25 in length at ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
1970 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
V. Govind, Wansuk Yun, V. Sundaram, Madhavan Swaminathan, S. Dalmia, G. Edward White,
... topology has been used extensively to implement wideband baluns, its size is prohibitively large at low frequencies. ... been proposed in the past to reduce the balun size, but they also result in a reduction ... paper presents an approach to implement compact wideband baluns, by employing two additional lumped reactances at the output of the Marchand balun. A design methodology for the baluns is proposed that allows simultaneous optimization of size ... Using a multilayer LCP packaging technology, a wideband balun operating in the 5GHz band has been designed ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Materials and Mechanics
2005 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium digest
Yo‐Sheng Lin, Feng‐Chen Liu, Wei‐Chen Wen,
... and an enhanced octagonal W‐band CMOS Marchand baluns for direct‐conversion transceiver are reported. These Marchand baluns can be applied to an up‐conversion mixer ... into differential signal. Instead of the traditional Marchand balun structure that uses three sections of thin (0. ... 34 μm) M 6 main structure), the proposed balun structures use only one section of thin M ... S 21 and S 31 . The squared Marchand balun occupies a small chip area of 0.0313 ... for frequencies 75 ∼ −85 GHz. The octagonal Marchand balun occupies a small chip area of 0.0288 ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Power Amplifier Design
2014 - Wiley | Microwave and Optical Technology Letters
Kai Liu, Roger Emigh, R.C. Frye,
... systems, especially the front end modules, there are baluns connecting active circuits (e.g., PA and LNA) . Commercially available baluns are made in some fixed impedance ratios (50: ... active devices. We have developed a magnetically coupled balun which has both balun and matching functions using Silicon Integrated Passive Device (IPD) technology. The size of the balun is 1.2 x 1.0 x 0. ... mm 3 , which is by far the smallest balun with complex impedance matching, to the best of ... designed and probed data. This small form-factor balun can be well used in SiP applications to ...
Tópico(s): Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
2008 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium digest
Chung-Hao Tsai, Hung-Chuan Chen, Tzong‐Lin Wu,
A compact balun is proposed using a very weakly coupled line loaded with a parallel resonator. Based on an equivalent circuit model, the balun behaves as a matching network for odd-mode ... bandstop circuit for even-mode operation. The proposed balun can exhibit a broad bandwidth from 2.4 ... loss of S 11 below 10 dB. This balun provides only 0.1 dB amplitude difference and ... fractional bandwith is 40%. Different from previous broadband baluns, the proposed balun can be implemented in low coupling-coefficient structures, ...
Tópico(s): Electromagnetic Compatibility and Noise Suppression
2014 - IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society | IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters
Muhammad A. Salah‐Eddin, Amr M. E. Safwat,
... separately. This permits the design of novel wideband baluns that have a reduced area and a superior ... compared with the multisection quarter wavelength coupled-line baluns. Design guidelines of the proposed baluns are detailed, and single-section and three-section DCL-baluns are implemented. The single-section DCL total length ... when compared with the five-section quarter wavelength balun bandwidth and area, respectively. The single-section and three-section baluns have a fractional bandwidth of 40 and 70%, ...
Tópico(s): Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
2007 - Institution of Engineering and Technology | IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation
Yue Zhu, Charlotte R. Sappo, William A. Grissom, John C. Gore, Xinqiang Yan,
Balun or trap circuits are critical components for suppressing common-mode currents flowing on the outer conductors ... First proposed for microwave antenna applications, the Lattice balun has been widely used in MRI coils. It ... with coil tuning/matching circuits. However, the Lattice balun is typically a single-tuned circuit and cannot ... frequencies. This work describes a dual-tuned Lattice balun design that is suitable for multi-nuclear MRI/ ... Based on the simulation results, a dual-tuned balun circuit was built for 7T 1H/23Na MRI ...
Tópico(s): Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
2022 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging