The second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum is an effective tool for the eradication of invasive rodents from islands and fenced sanctuaries, for biodiversity restoration. However, broadcast application of brodifacoum bait on islands may expose non-target wildlife in coastal marine environments to brodifacoum, with subsequent secondary exposure risk for humans if ... monitoring selected marine species following aerial application of brodifacoum bait in August 2011 to eradicate Norway rats ( ...
1877 - Elsevier BV | Journal of the Franklin Institute
Kenneth Bachmann, Timothy J. Sullivan,
... dose-response curve for the hypoprothrombinemic effect of brodifacoum 3-[-3(4'-bromobiphenyl-4-yl) 1,2, ... from 0.1 to 0.33 mg/kg. Brodifacoum exhibited a remarkably steep dose-response curve. Brodifacoum failed to exhibit a dose-dependent effect on ... and SKF525A treatment altered to anticoagulant response to brodifacoum. Phenobarbital decreased the anticoagulant effect, whereas SKF525A increased it, suggesting that a substantial portion of brodifacoum-induced hypoprothrombinemia is mediated by brodifacoum itself rather ...
Tópico(s): Malaria Research and Control
1983 - Karger Publishers | Pharmacology
M. de L. Brooke, Richard Cuthbert, Rafael Mateo, Mark A. Taggart,
Context Cereal pellets containing the anti-coagulant poison brodifacoum at 20 ppm are routinely used to rid ... invertebrate species, including snails where available information about brodifacoum impact is equivocal. Aims Combining field tests and ... analysis, the present study investigated the effect of brodifacoum on the snails of Henderson Island, South Pacific. ... of those kept with and without access to brodifacoum cereal pellets. Subsequently, we analysed brodifacoum levels in those kept with access to poisoned ...
Tópico(s): Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
2011 - CSIRO Publishing | Wildlife Research
Naren Gunja, Andrew Coggins, Sergei Bidny,
Context. Brodifacoum is a widely available superwarfarin used as a commercial rodenticide. Toxicity from long-acting anticoagulant rodenticides, primarily ... little published toxicokinetic data are available for human brodifacoum poisoning. Management is also contentious with uncertainty over ... antidote treatment with vitamin K. The role of brodifacoum levels in guiding management is not entirely established. ... all commercially available rodenticide-hydroxycoumarin anti-coagulants. Monthly brodifacoum levels were performed in two patients to determine ...
Tópico(s): Plant-based Medicinal Research
2011 - Taylor & Francis | Clinical Toxicology
Brodifacoum is a readily available, second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (superwarfarin) that causes extended depletion of vitamin K 1 -dependent clotting factors. Brodifacoum ingestions are being reported with increasing frequency. For the first time, we compare plasma brodifacoum concentration to prothrombin levels over time in a case of brodifacoum poisoning. Brodifacoum was eliminated according to a two-compartment model, ... life of 24.2 days. On admission, the brodifacoum level was 731 μg/L and the patient ...
Tópico(s): Vitamin K Research Studies
1993 - American Medical Association | Archives of Internal Medicine
E. B. Spurr, Matt Maitland, Genevieve Taylor, G. R. Wright, Cameron Radford, Leslie Ellen Brown,
Abstract Cereal‐based bait containing 20 ppm brodifacoum was used in bait stations continuously from December 1997 to August 2000 in the Rotoiti Nature Recovery Project area, for controlling brushtail possum ( ... populations. Concurrently (and before and after), baits containing brodifacoum, bromadiolone, flocoumafen, coumatetralyl, or warfarin were also used ... on farms immediately adjacent to the project area. Brodifacoum residues were detected in the livers of 234 ... cause of death unknown). The highest concentration of brodifacoum residues in mammalian livers was recorded during the ...
Tópico(s): Isotope Analysis in Ecology
2005 - Taylor & Francis | New Zealand Journal of Zoology
Bryce Masuda, Penny Fisher, Brent Beaven,
The second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum is an effective tool for the eradication of invasive rodents from islands and fenced sanctuaries, for biodiversity restoration. However, broadcast application of brodifacoum bait on islands may expose non-target wildlife in coastal marine environments to brodifacoum, with subsequent secondary exposure risk for humans if ... monitoring selected marine species following aerial application of brodifacoum bait in August 2011 to eradicate Norway rats ( ...
Tópico(s): Isotope Analysis in Ecology
2014 - Elsevier BV | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Sukru Emre, Kazu Kitabayashi, Charles M. Miller,
... Access Successful liver transplantation from a donor with brodifacoum intoxication Sukru Emre MD, Corresponding Author Sukru Emre ... a donor who died of intracranial hemorrhage after brodifacoum ingestion. Because brodifacoum can remain in the human body for months, the recipient's posttransplantation coagulation profiles and serum brodifacoum levels were monitored closely. Her posttransplantation course was ... liver function and coagulation profile. We conclude that brodifacoum toxicity is not a strict contraindication to liver ...
Tópico(s): Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
1999 - Wiley | Liver Transplantation and Surgery
Ian Newton, I. Wyllie, P. Freestone,
... 1%), 10% contained residues of rodenticides, difenacoum or brodifacoum, in their livers. Difenacoum was in the range ... 0.106 microg g(-1) fresh weight, and brodifacoum was in the range 0.019-0.515 ... for 1 day on food containing difenacoum and brodifacoum died after 2-11 days. Within these mice ... 36 microg (range 8.07-26.55) for brodifacoum. Such poisoned mice were fed to Barn Owls ... days. Four of the six owls fed on brodifacoum-dosed mice died 6-17 days after the ... combined weight of about 105g and a total brodifacoum content of about 46.07 microg, which was ...
Tópico(s): Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
1990 - Elsevier BV | Environmental Pollution
R.B. Palmer, Pauline Alakija, John Baca, KB Nolte,
... year-old girl who deliberately and fatally ingested brodifacoum, a commonly used rodenticide. The mechanism of death, massive pulmonary hemorrhage, has not been previously reported. Brodifacoum was quantitated in liver, spleen, lung, brain, bile, ... blood using HPLC with fluorescence detection. The highest brodifacoum concentrations were detected in bile (4276 ng/mL) and femoral blood (3919 ng/mL). No brodifacoum was detected in brain or vitreous humor. A brodifacoum concentration of 50 ng/g was observed in ...
Tópico(s): Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
1999 - Wiley | Journal of Forensic Sciences
Barnett A. Rattner, Steven F. Volker, Julia S. Lankton, Thomas G. Bean, Rebecca S. Lazarus, Katherine Horak,
... concentrations of the second‐generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) brodifacoum. Kestrels fed brodifacoum at 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 ... a 7‐d exposure to 0.5 µg brodifacoum/g diet, prolonged blood clotting time returned to baseline values within 1 wk, but brodifacoum residues in liver and kidney persisted during the ... 1.5 µg/g diet) or the SGAR brodifacoum (0.5 µg/g diet) for 7 d ... 75 µg/g diet) for 7 d. In brodifacoum‐exposed kestrels, the challenge exposure clearly prolonged prothrombin ... chlorophacinone. These data provide evidence that the SGAR brodifacoum may have prolonged effects that increase the toxicity ...
Tópico(s): Insect and Pesticide Research
2019 - Wiley | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
David R. Morgan, G. R. Wright, Shaun Ogilvie, Raymond J. Pierce, PC Thomson,
... R.; Thomson, P. | Abstract: Although Talon® baits containing brodifacoum have been used successfully in eradicating rats from ... to nine months were sampled to determine whether brodifacoum residues were present after aerial distribution of Talon ... wax-coated cereal blocks on Coppermine Island. No brodifacoum residues were found in soil, water, or most ( ... baiting, also contained low-to-moderate concentrations of brodifacoum (0.004 to 11.0 µg/g). These ... suggest that invertebrates are not likely to accumulate brodifacoum as a result of Talon baiting. Laboratory studies ...
Tópico(s): Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
1996 - | Proceedings - Vertebrate Pest Conference
F. J. Laas, D. A. Forss, M. E. R. Godfreyi,
Abstract The anticoagulant, brodifacoum, is currently being evaluated for poisoning rabbits on New Zealand sheep grazing lands. Because of possible carcass contamination risks, ... groups of 7 sheep each were dosed with brodifacoum at 2.0 and 0.2 mg/kg Iiveweight respectively, after a pilot study had determined brodifacoum distribution. Animals were killed at 2, 4, 8, ... were collected daily from some of the sheep. Brodifacoum was detected in omental fat for up to ... the 2.0 mg/kg dose level, liver brodifacoum residues fell from 6.5 mg/kg dry ...
Tópico(s): Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
1985 - Taylor & Francis | New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research
Paul L. Hegdal, Bruce A. Colvin,
... with a proposed anticoagulant rodenticide, Volid® (10 ppm brodifacoum), when used to control voles ( Microtus spp.) in ... ranges of 32 screech‐owls tracked posttreatment included brodifacoum‐treated areas; the proportion of home range treated ... than 10% of home range was treated. Secondary brodifacoum poisoning was the most probable cause of death ... one to two months posttreatment, four contained detectable brodifacoum residue. The fate of 14 of the 32 ... not radio‐equipped) was probably killed by secondary brodifacoum poisoning. The results indicate a hazard to screech‐ ...
Tópico(s): Fire effects on ecosystems
1988 - Wiley | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Penny Fisher, Richard Griffiths, Cam Speedy, Keith Broome,
Aerial application of brodifacoum bait for eradication of invasive rodents from islands raises concerns about environmental contamination and adverse effects on nontarget wildlife. We summarize results of environmental monitoring for brodifacoum residues after New Zealand eradications in a fenced ... the offshore islands Little Barrier, Rangitoto, and Motutapu. Brodifacoum was not detected in extensive freshwater monitoring at ... detection by c. 100 days after application. No brodifacoum was present in marine shellfish sampled from Little ...
Tópico(s): Insect and Pesticide Research
2010 - | Proceedings - Vertebrate Pest Conference
Valentina Olmos, Clara Magdalena López,
... 46-year-old woman who survived after a brodifacoum poisoning is presented. The patient was admitted due ... administration (up to 100 mg per day). Serum brodifacoum levels were determined by HPLC during seven months. Five days after admission, serum brodifacoum level was 1302 ng/ml. Serum brodifacoum levels decreased till day 209 when became not detectable. Brodifacoum elimination showed a first order kinetic and a ... It would be also useful to obtain periodic brodifacoum levels and build the corresponding elimination curve to ...
Tópico(s): Plant-based Medicinal Research
2007 - Taylor & Francis | Clinical Toxicology
M. de L. Brooke, Richard Cuthbert, G.B.L. Harrison, C.H. Gordon, Mark A. Taggart,
... normally involve the use of the anticoagulant poison brodifacoum, it is imperative to minimise impacts on other " ... target species eats prey that has itself eaten brodifacoum. Cockroaches and woodlice, likely to scavenge bait pellets, ... and UK laboratory experiments, our study first measured brodifacoum concentrations in cockroaches given temporary ad lib access ... experiments using different species/exposure times, the mean brodifacoum concentrations among cockroaches immediately after bait exposure was ...
Tópico(s): Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
2013 - Elsevier BV | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Abstract Brodifacoum, an anticoagulant used in cereal‐based baits for the control of vertebrate pests, especially rodents, may be ... have been reported killed by field use of brodifacoum in New Zealand. Populations of three species (western ... no published data on the acute toxicity of brodifacoum in bats, reptiles, or amphibians. Invertebrates are unlikely ... by anticoagulants. Because of the high toxicity of brodifacoum, all vertebrates that eat baits or poisoned prey are at risk. Brodifacoum is only slowly eliminated from the liver, and ...
Tópico(s): Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
1995 - Taylor & Francis | New Zealand Journal of Zoology
Rebecca S. McConnico, Karen J. Copedge, Karyn Bischoff,
Increased popularity during the past decade of brodifacoum, an anticoagulant rodenticide, has led to an increase in cases of accidental poisoning in nontarget species, including pets and farm animals. Pharmacokinetics of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides such as brodifacoum are substantially different from those of first-generation ... Control Center reports that approximately 50 cases of brodifacoum exposure have occurred in horses between 1993 and ... accidental ingestion of a potentially lethal dose of brodifacoum in horses. Early recognition of exposure to brodifacoum, ...
Tópico(s): Plant-based Medicinal Research
1997 - American Veterinary Medical Association | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Hussein Alomar, André Chabert, Michaël Cœurdassier, Danièle Vey, Philippe Berny,
... the accumulation of three ARs (chlorophacinone, bromadiolone or brodifacoum) in the slug Deroceras reticulatum exposed for a ... Moreover, we studied the exposure of slugs to brodifacoum in the field. In the laboratory exposure, the ... 44mg/kg wet weight for chlorophacinone, bromadiolone and brodifacoum respectively. A significant decrease of bromadiolone and brodifacoum in slugs was observed in the post exposure period. In the field study, brodifacoum was detected in >90% of analyzed slugs after application of brodifacoum baits. Then, based on a toxicity-exposure ratio ...
Tópico(s): Mollusks and Parasites Studies
2017 - Elsevier BV | The Science of The Total Environment
Elizabeth L. Underwood, JoLeigh Sutton, Ira Keith Ellis, Brian Qualls, Jon Zamber, Brian Walker,
A case of brodifacoum exposure leading to coagulopathy lasting for approximately one year despite treatment with large doses of phytonadione is reported.A ... from the original hospitalization confirmed the presence of brodifacoum, though the method of exposure remained unclear. He ... greater than 9, despite an undetectable level of brodifacoum. He was rehospitalized with oropharyngeal hematoma approximately 1 ... daily with outpatient follow-up.A patient with brodifacoum exposure ingested brodifacoum had coagulopathy that lasted approximately ...
Tópico(s): Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
2014 - Oxford University Press | American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
Paul L. Hegdal, Bruce A. Colvin,
... with a proposed anticoagulant rodenticide, Volid® (10 ppm brodifacoum), when used to control voles (Microtus spp.) in ... ranges of 32 screech-owls tracked posttreatment included brodifacoum-treated areas; the proportion of home range treated ... than 10% of home range was treated. Secondary brodifacoum poisoning was the most probable cause of death ... one to two months posttreatment, four contained detectable brodifacoum residue. The fate of 14 of the 32 ... not radio-equipped) was probably killed by secondary brodifacoum poisoning. The results indicate a hazard to screech- ...
Tópico(s): Forest Insect Ecology and Management
1988 - Wiley | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Hui Yan, Zheng Qiao, Baohua Shen, Ping Xiang, Min Shen,
Brodifacoum is one of the most widely used rodenticides for rodent control and eradication; however, human and ... since its development. Although numerous studies have described brodifacoum induced toxicity, the precise mechanism still needs to ... was applied to characterize the metabolic profile of brodifacoum induced toxicity and discover potential biomarkers in rat plasma. The toxicity of brodifacoum was dose-dependent, and the high-dose group obviously manifested toxicity with subcutaneous hemorrhage. The blood brodifacoum concentration showed a positive relation to the ingestion ...
Tópico(s): Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
2016 - Elsevier BV | Forensic Science International
F. P. Rowe, T. Swinney, C. J. Plant,
The anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum was tested against house mice (Mus musculus L.) infesting farm buildings. In six trials, treatment success was assessed from ... conducted before and after treatment. With 0.005% brodifacoum in canary seed/corn oil bait, the control ... treatments which lasted 6 weeks. The effectiveness of brodifacoum against mice is compared with that of 0. ... 025% warfarin in combination. It is concluded that brodifacoum and calciferol warfarin are equally effective in controlling ...
Tópico(s): Insect and Pesticide Research
1978 - Cambridge University Press | Journal of Hygiene
B.Kevin Park, Jacqueline B. Leck,
... in peripheral plasma. In animals pretreated with either brodifacoum (1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) or ... kg) was investigated in the same group of brodifacoum (1 mg/kg) anticoagulated animals. There was a ... 0.1 hr. The duration of action of brodifacoum and difenacoum was much longer than that of warfarin. Six weeks after administration of brodifacoum (1 mg/kg) animals were still anticoagulated (P. ... A. < 30%). In conclusion, we have found that brodifacoum and difenacoum are both more potent and persistent ...
Tópico(s): Poisoning and overdose treatments
1982 - Elsevier BV | Biochemical Pharmacology
Jacqueline B. Leck, B.Kevin Park,
The effects of the anticoagulants warfarin and brodifacoum on [3H]vitamin K1 metabolism and clotting factor activity were studied in warfarin-susceptible and warfarin-resistant rats. Brodifacoum produced the same rate of degradation of prothrombin ... Metabolic studies using [3H]vitamin K1 showed that brodifacoum increased the hepatic concentration ratio of [3H]vitamin ... warfarin-resistant rats at doses which produced anticoagulation. Brodifacoum produced a significant increase in the rate of ... 3H]vitamin K1 metabolites. The results indicate that brodifacoum has the same mechanism of action as warfarin ...
Tópico(s): Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
1981 - Elsevier BV | Biochemical Pharmacology
J.J. Mosterd, H.H.W. Thijssen,
... 30 days) effects of a single dose of brodifacoum (0.2 mg kg −1 , orally) on blood ... kg −1 , i.v.) on day 30, the brodifacoum‐treated rats accumulated vitamin KO in the liver. Although clotting factor synthesis was normal, brodifacoum‐treated rats were highly sensitive to warfarin. Brodifacoum rapidly accumulated in the liver until the saturation of the microsomal binding site. Brodifacoum binding to the target prevented its elimination from ...
Tópico(s): Vitamin K Research Studies
1991 - Wiley | British Journal of Pharmacology
Greene Shepherd, Wendy Klein‐Schwartz, Bruce D. Anderson,
Brodifacoum is the major rodenticide used in the United States today. It is similar to warfarin but ... to 1996 were retrospectively searched for acute, unintentional brodifacoum exposures without coingestions followed-up to a known ... cases that involved single, acute, unintentional ingestions of brodifacoum. All of the patients were followed-up to ... reported in 42 patients.Acute pediatric ingestions of brodifacoum rarely caused clinical effects and were not associated ... that acute unintentional ingestions of small quantities of brodifacoum by young children can be adequately managed with ...
Tópico(s): Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
2002 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Pediatric Emergency Care
Charles Eason, Ray Henderson, Steve Hix, Duncan MacMorran, Aroha Miller, Elaine Murphy, James G. Ross, Shaun Ogilvie,
... has stimulated the development of low-residue tools. Brodifacoum is a potent second-generation rodenticide used worldwide ... their ecosystems. Possums are susceptible to bait containing brodifacoum, but not to first-generation anticoagulants, hence brodifacoum has been the only alternative to 1080 that ... of non-target species has been substantial where brodifacoum has been used repeatedly. We are extending the ... of low residue alternatives to reduce reliance on brodifacoum and sodium fluoroacetate (1080). Currently, suitable alternatives available ...
Tópico(s): Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
2010 - Taylor & Francis | New Zealand Journal of Zoology
Richard Cuthbert, Paul Visser, Henk Louw, Peter G. Ryan,
... 20 and 25 ppm of the anticoagulant toxin brodifacoum. Methods Five trials with 50 mice housed in ... mass of bait. Estimated oral LD50 values of brodifacoum for Gough mice were 0.44 mg kg– ... those tested) survived after apparently ingesting doses of brodifacoum estimated to be 5 and 10 times the ... LD50 values, potentially indicating a lower susceptibility to brodifacoum in some individuals, although subsequent exposure at higher ... Island find bait pellets highly palatable and that brodifacoum is an effective toxin with LD50 values and ...
Tópico(s): Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
2011 - CSIRO Publishing | Wildlife Research