Jeroen B. Smaers, David R. Vanier,
Comparative variation in brain size is arguably one of the most dominant features of primate evolution. Enduring questions in this context comprise whether evolutionary changes in certain brain regions outpace changes in other regions, and to what extent such regional variation between species explains comparative variation in overall brain size. To answer this question, we investigate the tempo and mode of evolution of brain organization using the largest combination of brain regions and species ...
Tópico(s): Morphological variations and asymmetry
2019 - Elsevier BV | Cortex
Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Paula L. Croxson, Rogier B. Mars,
Neuroimaging has a lot to offer comparative neuroscience. Although invasive "gold standard" techniques have a better spatial resolution, neuroimaging allows fast, whole-brain, repeatable, and multi-modal measurements of structure and function in living animals and post-mortem tissue. In the past years, comparative neuroimaging has increased in popularity. However, we argue that its most significant potential lies in its ability to collect large-scale datasets of many species to investigate principles ...
Tópico(s): Primate Behavior and Ecology
2018 - Elsevier BV | Cortex
BioEssaysVolume 21, Issue 11 p. 974-977 Meetings Evolutionary developmental biology of the cerebral cortex Vania Broccoli, Vania Broccoli broccoli@tigem.it Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers by this author Vania Broccoli, Vania Broccoli broccoli@tigem.it Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.Search for more papers ...
Tópico(s): Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
1999 - Wiley | BioEssays
The view that monotreme, marsupial, and placental orders of mammals formed an orderly progression in mammalian evolution arose in the 19th Century. Monotremes were designated the Prototheria, or first mammals, based largely on their reptilian-like reproductive practice of laying eggs, while the marsupials were designated the Metatheria, or changed mammals, and were thought to form the next stage of mammalian evolution toward placental mammals—the Eutheria or complete mammals. However, these notions ...
Tópico(s): Morphological variations and asymmetry
1990 - Springer Nature | Cerebral cortex
The most striking, interesting, yet poorly understood gross morphological features of the cerebral hemispheres in mammals are the diverse and complex arrangements of their cortical gyri and sulci (Fig. 1). Among mammals, the spinal cord and brain-stem nuclei are morphologically quite similar, despite variations in size. However, during evolution, the cerebrum and cerebellum have undergone marked variations in size, shape, and convolutional complexity (Fig. 2). External morphological features of mammalian ...
Tópico(s): Evolution and Paleontology Studies
1990 - Springer Nature | Cerebral cortex
SYNOPSIS The membranes, epiplasm, and fiber systems are described in the somatic cortex of Glaucoma chattoni strain HZ‐1. Kinetodesmal fibers, postciliary and transverse microtubular ribbons, basal microtubules, transverse fibers and transverse accessory material are associated with kinetosomes. Longitudinal microtubular ribbons and mitochondria occur interkinetally. In the buccal cortex, the membranes, epiplasm and fibers of the 3 membranelles, the paroral kinety, the ribbed wall, and the cytostome ...
Tópico(s): Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
1978 - Wiley | The Journal of Protozoology
1. In the decerebrate cat descending cervico‐lumbar reflex interactions from neck muscle nerves are absent, and those from forepaw nerves are reduced or absent. 2. Lesions restricted to the anterior pole of the suprasylvian gyrus regularly abolish descending cervico‐lumbar reflex interactions from neck muscle nerves. The same lesions may reduce or abolish descending cervico‐lumbar reflex interactions from forepaw nerves. 3. The ascending cortical looping pathway utilized in descending cervico‐lumbar ...
Tópico(s): Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies
1970 - Wiley | The Journal of Physiology
True secondary development, which arises in the more or less mature cortex and not from the circumstelar, primary meristem, is described in three species of Isoetes. The secondary cortex develops in relation to the process of furrow formation and to the shedding of layers of dead cortex. In the furrows, the secondary cortex is aligned in files tangential to the axis of the corm; on the surfaces from which old cortex is shed, it is usually aligned in radial files. In I. japonica, however, the secondary ...
Tópico(s): Marine and coastal plant biology
1982 - University of Chicago Press | Botanical Gazette
Paleoneurology deals with the study of brain anatomy in fossil species, as inferred from the morphology of their endocranial features. When compared with other living and extinct hominids, <i>Homo sapiens</i> is characterized by larger parietal bones and, according to the paleoneurological evidence, also by larger parietal lobes. The dorsal elements of the posterior parietal cortex (superior parietal lobules, precuneus, and intraparietal sulcus) may be involved in these morphological changes. ...
Tópico(s): Evolution and Paleontology Studies
2018 - Karger Publishers | Brain Behavior and Evolution
American Journal of Human BiologyVolume 14, Issue 1 p. 81-82 Book Reviews Evolutionary anatomy of the primate cerebral cortex Barry Keverne, Barry Keverne Sub-Department of ANimal Behaviour University of Cambridge Cambridge, England, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author Barry Keverne, Barry Keverne Sub-Department of ANimal Behaviour University of Cambridge Cambridge, England, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 December 2001 https://doi.org/10.1002/ ...
Tópico(s): Evolution and Paleontology Studies
2001 - Wiley | American Journal of Human Biology
Yes, there is fossil evidence. That is the most surprising thing. The story the fossils tell is less surprising, because it is consistent with what one learns from living species by accepting the consensus about which are primitive and which are advanced (Sarnat and Netsky, 1974). There are a few other surprises, however, which may make this chapter worth reading.
Tópico(s): Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
1990 - Springer Nature | Cerebral cortex
Abstract The relative weight of the Mongolian gerbil adrenal is one of the largest of any animal species. The adrenal cortex of the gerbil can be divided into three major zones and one zone located between th zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Mitochondrial cristae of zona glomerulosa cells are plate‐like, those of the zona fasciculata are tubular whereas cristae are extensively developed and plate‐like in the zona reticularis. Lipid droplets are numerous in fasciculata cells and sparse in glomerulosa ...
Tópico(s): Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
1971 - Wiley | The Anatomical Record
Paula L. Croxson, Stephanie J. Forkel, Leonardo Cerliani, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten,
Abstract A large amount of variability exists across human brains; revealed initially on a small scale by postmortem studies and, more recently, on a larger scale with the advent of neuroimaging. Here we compared structural variability between human and macaque monkey brains using grey and white matter magnetic resonance imaging measures. The monkey brain was overall structurally as variable as the human brain, but variability had a distinct distribution pattern, with some key areas showing high ...
Tópico(s): Evolution and Paleontology Studies
2017 - Oxford University Press | Cerebral Cortex
Crossopterygians are a distinctive and once widespread group of fishes, first known from rocks of Devonian age. They are characterized by the possession of two dorsal fins, the cosmoid structure of their scales and dermal bones, and well-formed fleshy-lobed paired fins. The internal skeleton of the latter is much concentrated so that only a single bone (humerus, femur) articulates proximally with the girdles and distally with two bones (radius and ulna, tibia and fibula). The latter are followed by ...
Tópico(s): Marine animal studies overview
1990 - Springer Nature | Cerebral cortex
Journal of Comparative NeurologyVolume 120, Issue 2 p. 129-160 Article Thalamic retrograde degeneration study of sensory cortex in opossum† Irving T. Diamond, Irving T. Diamond Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorJohn D. Utley, John D. Utley Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author Irving T. Diamond, Irving T. Diamond Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, North ...
Tópico(s): Evolution and Paleontology Studies
1963 - Wiley | The Journal of Comparative Neurology
Denis H. Lynn, John B. Tucker,
ABSTRACT Developing oral organelles of dividing Tetrahymena corlissi appear to be positioned by mechanisms which assess distances as a proportion of the organism’s overall dimensions. In some respects, the cortex of this protozoan obeys the ‘French flag’ rule formulated by Wolpert for describing regulation of spatial proportions during differentiation of metazoan embryos. Dividing Tetrahymena of markedly different sizes occur when division is synchronized by starvation and refeeding. At the start ...
Tópico(s): Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
1976 - The Company of Biologists | Journal of Cell Science
SYNOPSIS. A microdissection procedure was developed which permits the viewing of the inside surface of the cortex of Stentor coeruleus with scanning electron microscopy. Parallel bands of myonemes cover the entire inner surface of the cortex. The myonemes of the stalk region are ribbon‐shaped and lack cross connections. The myonemes of the anterior cortex are flattened against the surface and are interconnected by an extensive system of cross branches. The inner surface of the frontal field is covered ...
Tópico(s): Diatoms and Algae Research
1974 - Wiley | The Journal of Protozoology
In the cerebral cortex of the opossum and the wallaby there Is a complete and coincident overlap of the sensory and the motor representations of the body. Within this sensorimotor area It is not possible to draw the line which in other mammals separates a primarily sensory area from a primarily motor area.
Tópico(s): Evolution and Paleontology Studies
1963 - American Association for the Advancement of Science | Science
I. Chester Jones, John G. Phillips, D. Bellamy,
Journal Article THE ADRENAL CORTEX THROUGHOUT THE VERTEBRATES Get access I. CHESTER JONES, D.Sc. Ph.D., I. CHESTER JONES, D.Sc. Ph.D. Department of Zoology University of sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. G. PHILLIPS, Ph.D., J. G. PHILLIPS, Ph.D. Department of Zoology University of sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. BELLAMY, D.Phil. D. BELLAMY, D.Phil. Department of Zoology University ...
Tópico(s): Amphibian and Reptile Biology
1962 - Oxford University Press | British Medical Bulletin
Recent studies using a methodology for the quantification of cortex in lithic assemblages indicate a deficit in cortical surface area in mid to late Holocene contexts in western New South Wales, Australia. This result is interpreted to reflect the extensive transport of artefacts away from their place of production, thus providing a measure of prehistoric mobility within contexts otherwise noted for technological expediency. Here we provide a further investigation of the observed pattern by testing ...
Tópico(s): Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
2011 - Australian Museum | Technical Reports of the Australian Museum online
Journal of Comparative NeurologyVolume 62, Issue 2 p. 333-348 Article A physiological study of the cerebral motor cortex and the control of posture in the sloth Orthello R. Langworthy, Orthello R. Langworthy The Institute for Research in Tropical America and The Johns Hopkins UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Orthello R. Langworthy, Orthello R. Langworthy The Institute for Research in Tropical America and The Johns Hopkins UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: ...
Tópico(s): Neurology and Historical Studies
1935 - Wiley | The Journal of Comparative Neurology
The geometry of the brain and cerebral cortex in mammals has been studied from an evolutionary perspective and is described in mathematical terms. The volume of the cerebral cortex, in contrast to the cortical surface area, scales to brain volume in a similar way, irrespective of the degree of cortical folding. Among mammals, Cetacea form a subgroup, in that their volumetric data fit an isometric model better than an allometric model. An index of corticalization is presented which contains information ...
Tópico(s): Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
1988 - Karger Publishers | Brain Behavior and Evolution
M. Steinhausen, Georg-M. Eisenbach, R. Galaske,
Tópico(s): Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
1970 - Springer Science+Business Media | Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology
Ken W.S. Ashwell, Craig D. Hardman,
Both lineages of the modern monotremes have distinctive features in the cerebral cortex, but the developmental mechanisms that produce such different adult cortical architecture remain unknown. Similarly, nothing is known about the differences and/or similarities between monotreme and therian cortical development. We have used material from the Hill embryological collection to try to answer key questions concerning cortical development in monotremes. Our findings indicate that gyrencephaly begins ...
Tópico(s): Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
2011 - Karger Publishers | Brain Behavior and Evolution
Journal of Comparative NeurologyVolume 122, Issue 2 p. 181-200 Article Myeloarchitectonics of the sensori-motor cortex in dog Jerzy Kreiner, Jerzy Kreiner Department of Comparative Neuroanatomy, Jagellonian University, Kraków, Poland Neuroanatomical Laboratory of the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, PolandSearch for more papers by this author Jerzy Kreiner, Jerzy Kreiner Department of Comparative Neuroanatomy, Jagellonian University, Kraków, Poland Neuroanatomical ...
Tópico(s): Evolution and Paleontology Studies
1964 - Wiley | The Journal of Comparative Neurology
Hugo Yuen, Richard Dom, George F. Martin,
Abstract The origin, course and distribution of cerebellopontine fibers was studied in the opossum by employing the Nauta‐Gygax and Fink‐Heimer techniques. Our results substantiate and extnd those of Brodal, Destombes, Lacerda and Angaut ('72) concerning the existence of cerebellopontine projections and provide evidence for a hitherto unreported fastigial projection to the basilar pons. Destruction of the caudal, medial division of the fastigial nucleus elicits bilateral degeneration in a restricted ...
Tópico(s): Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies
1974 - Wiley | The Journal of Comparative Neurology
The object held in view throughout this investigation has been that of instituting an inquiry into the minute structure of the cortex of the brain in a prominent member of the Artiodactyla, and to critically compare the results with those obtained from an examination of corresponding structures in certain members of the Ruminantia, Carnivora, Quadrumana, and also in the human brain. For this purpose the cerebrum was examined in the pig, sheep, cat, ocelot, and Barbary ape. In all cases the hemispheres ...
Tópico(s): Evolution and Paleontology Studies
1879 - Royal Society | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
Benjamin Jentgen-Ceschino, Koen Stein, Valentin Fischer,
The histology of sauropod long bones often appears uniform and conservative along their evolutionary tree. One of the main aspects of their bone histology is to exhibit a fibrolamellar complex in the cortex of their long bones. Here, we report another bone tissue, the radial fibrolamellar bone (RFB), in the outer cortex of the humeri of a young adult cf. Isanosaurus (Early to Late Jurassic, Thailand) and an adult Spinophorosaurus nigerensis (Early to Middle Jurassic, Niger) that do not exhibit any ...
Tópico(s): Evolution and Paleontology Studies
2020 - Royal Society | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
Matthew Douglass, Simon Holdaway, Patricia Fanning, Justin Shiner,
We describe an experimental test and archaeological application of the solid geometry method for the interpretation of cortical surface area in lithic assemblages proposed by Dibble et al. (2005). Experimental results support the method's accuracy while archaeological application to assemblages from western New South Wales, Australia suggests a repeated pattern of the selective removal of artifacts away from their location of manufacture. These findings shed light on the role curation and mobility ...
Tópico(s): Archaeology and Rock Art Studies
2008 - Cambridge University Press | American Antiquity
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
P.E.S. Saraiva, B. Magalha ̃es-Castro,
Cortical sensory receiving areas were studied in 32 specimens of the three-toed sloth,Bradypus tridactylus, using the evoked response technique and barbiturate anesthesia. Somatotopic organization in the somesthetic first area (S-I) was shown to be similar to that reported in higher mammals. The area devoted to the representation of the forelimb was considerably larger than that for the remaining body parts. The second somatosensory area (S-II), showing bilateral representation without a precise topographical ...
Tópico(s): Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
1975 - Elsevier BV | Brain Research