By Edward Townsend, Industrial Correspondent, By Our Political Reporter, From Jonathan Fenby, By Michael Horsnell, By Jonathan Wills, From Our Correspondent, From Our Correspondent I, From Peter Nichols, By Pearce Wright, Science Editor, By David Walker, By a Staff Reporter, From Jonathan Wills, By Our Labour Reporter, By Hugh Clayton, Environment Correspondent, By David Felton Labour Reporter, By the Staff of "Nature", By Pat Healy SocialServicesCorrespondent, By Christopher Warman, Arts Correspondent, By Lucy Hodges, From Arthur Osman, By Our Social Services Correspondent, By Kenneth Gosling, From Trevor Fishlock, By Edward Mortimer, From Michael Hornsby, By Richard Dowden, From Our Own Correspondent, From David Bonavia, Roy Jenkin's, From David Blow, From Douglas Aiton, From Hasan Akhtar, Michael Ratcliffe, John Higgins, Bryan Appleyard, Noël Goodwin, Hilary Finch, Nicholas Ashford, Alex Henney, PHS, by Philip Howard, R. T. KENDALL, G. B. TIMMS, IAN G. FALCONER, A. E. G. WRIGHT, PETER SAVORY, RICHARD TAYLOR, HOWARD W. SABIN, DOUGLAS JELLIS-BALDOCK, ALASTAIR G. G. FRANCE, M. J. CONDON, EVE NORTHEY, HERMAN REBHAN, DICK H. PANTLIN, K. J. BARTON, GEORGE MARTELLI, JOHN PARKER, MAURICE BRUCE, Robert Nowell, By Harry Golombek, Chess Correspondent, By Ronald Faux, A correspondent, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Grandy, Gareth David, By Ronald Pullen, By Bill Johnstone, Electronics Correspondent, By Philip Robinson, By Our Industrial Correspondent, By Our Industrial Staff, From Bailey Morris, David Blake, Sally White, Michael Prest, Ross Davies, By Peter Norman, By Stuart Jones, By Paul Newman, By Vince Wright, By Gareth Bowen, By Clive White, By Nicholas Harling, By Paul Harrison, By Norman Fox, From Richard Eaton, By Peter West, Rugby Correspondent, By Gordon Allan, By Peter Marson, By Iain Mackenzie, By Peter West Rugby Correspondent, By John Clemison, By David Hands, By Keith Mackie, From John Woodcock, Cricket Correspondent, From Peter McFarline, From John Ballantine, From Our Irish Racing Correspondent, By John Karter, By Our Racing Staff, By Sydney Friskin, From John Hennessy, By Rex Bellamy, By Joyce Whitehead, By Norman Fox, Athletics Correspondent, By Peter Tatlow, by Baron Phillips, Edited by Peter Dear, From Roger Boyes, DJM, Peter Watson,
... battle over ACC payoff, Brighton Driving force at CSMA, Capital Markets Mark may be right for revival, ...
1982 - Gale Group | TDA
Norio Takeshita, Akinori Ohta, Hiroyuki Horiuchi,
The csmA gene of Aspergillus nidulans encodes a polypeptide that consists of an N-terminal myosin motor-like domain and a C-terminal chitin synthase domain. csmA null mutants showed marked abnormalities in polarized growth, ... and conidiophore development. Furthermore, the growth of the csmA null mutants was sensitive to low osmotic conditions. ... effort to investigate the intracellular behavior of the csmA product (CsmA) and the regulation of its production, we constructed strains that produced CsmA tagged with nine repeats of the hemagglutinin A ( ...
Tópico(s): Enzyme Production and Characterization
2002 - Elsevier BV | Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Phil Yates, Bronwen Maddox, Alasdair Murray and Philip Bassett, Barney Spender, David Adams, Nick Nuttall Environment Correspondent, Andrew Pierce, Rob Hughes, Derek Hodgson, Magnus Linklater, Andrew Longmore, Richard Thomson, Alexandra Frean, Media Correspondent, Richard Hobson, Harvey Elliott, Robert Miller, Banking Correspondent, M. R. D. Foot, John Raybould, Ivo Tennant, Matthew Gaved, Victor Serebriakoff President, Philip Howard, Susan Bell, Hilary Finch, Jeremy Kingston, Lynne Truss, Oliver Holt Football Correspondent, Mark Bailie, Richard Eaton, Morag Preston, Simon Wilde, Barbara Smoker, Harvey Elliott Travel Correspondent Susan Bell and Joanna Bale, Bob Balchin (Chairman), Geoff Brown, Robert Sheehan, Bridge Correspondent, Joe Joseph, Robert Miller, Timothy H. Jones, John Thicknesse, Pat Gibson, Jill Sherman, Chief Political Correspondent, Ruth Gledhill, Religion Correspondent, John Bryant, Gillan Maxey, Steve Keenan, Peter Ball, John O'leary, Education Editor, Raymond Keene Chess Correspondent, Simon Gourlay President, Richard Evans, Racing Correspondent, Martin Barrow, Peter Ackroyd, Peter Waymark, Stephen Farrell, Robin Young, Rodney Milnes, Robert Bruce, Michael Clark, Anne Luther Director, Marianne Curphey, Insurance Correspondent, Quentin Letts, Charles Bremner, John O'leary, Peter Barnard, David Charter, Ashbourne, Gerard Wright, Gabriella Gamini, South America Correspondent, and Michael Evans, Richard Ashton, Russell Kempson, Philip Bassett, John Woodcock, David Miller, Paul Sexton, Barry Millington, Arthur Leathley, Political Correspondent, John Higgins, Adam Jones, Raymond Keene, Malcolm Johnson, David Charter, Education Correspondent, Adam Sage, Alan Lee, Cricket Correspondent, Emma Wilkins, P. H. S, Tim Congdon, Chris Lockwood, Caroline Merrell, Bronwen Maddox, Philip Bassett and Christine Buckley, Eric Reguly, Oliver Holt, Gerard Green, Damian Whitworth, Susan Gray, Erica Wagner, Sarah Cunningham, Oliver August, Ian Murray Medical Correspondent, Peter Hitchens (Assistant Editor), Philip Webster, Political Editor, Adam Fresco, Richard Duce, William Rees-Mogg, John Goodbody, Dominic Kennedy, Mary Ann Sieghart, Sara McConnell, Simon De Bruxelles, Mel Webb, Des Dearlove, Kathryn Knight, Gerald Larner, Matthew Parris, Raymond Seitz, Peter Riddell, R. A. Jacques, Michael Gove, Richard Beeston, Michael Dynes, Alastair G. Thom, Jason Cowley, Graham Searjeant, Fraser Nelson, Chris Ayres, Nigel Hawkes Science Editor, Pugh and Way, Benedict Nightingale, Jeremy Reed, Dr Thomas Stuttaford, M. Crouch Chairman, Richard Morrison, Frances Gibb, Jack Bailey, David Powell, Michael Henderson, Susan MacDonald, Robin Lodge, David Maddock, Justin Wintle, Alasdair Murray, Robert Whymant, Roy Foster, Christopher Irvine, Nick Nuttall and Michael Hornsby,
... Billie-Jo 's mother walks out of funeral CSMA Intruders pin down woman aged 100 News in ...
1997 - Gale Group | TDA
Chi-Kin Chau, Minghua Chen, Soung Chang Liew,
... capacity of large-scale wireless networks based on CSMA (carrier-sensing multi-access), which schedules transmissions in ... manner. With the rapid and widespread adoption of CSMA technology, a critical question is that whether CSMA networks can be as scalable as TDMA networks. ... answer this question and explore the capacity of CSMA networks, we first formulate the models of CSMA protocols to take into account the unique CSMA characteristics not captured by existing interference models in the literature. These CSMA models determine the feasible states, and consequently the ...
Tópico(s): Wireless Networks and Protocols
2011 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
Taki, Waldemar Januszczak, Karen Krizanovich, Craig Anderson, Matthew Wall, Barbara Hall, John Smith, Christopher Morgan Religious Affairs Correspondent, Andrew Warshaw, Jim Munro, Jon Swain, Peter Boxall, Chris Ryder, Jason Hollands, John Peter, Professor David Cesarani, Emma Moore, Dr T C Smout, John Jay, Jenny Dyson, Ivo Tennant, Alistair Scott, Sally O'Reilly, David Smith, Chris Dignan, Melanie Phillips, Nick Pitt, Andrew Sullivan, Clive Davis, Stephen Grey, Nic Davies, Mary Wilson, Susan Minot, Dylan Jones, Simon Read, Tony Allen-Mills, Jonathan Ungoed-Thomas, Robert Sandall, Anthony Sattin, Eleanor Mills, Steve Farrar, Robert Winnett, Irwin Stelzer, Robert Hewison, Peter Wilson, Roger Anderson, Charlotte Wolff, David Dougill, York Membery, Noel Falconer, Stella Bringham, C S, Penny Valentine, Sarah Toyne, David Hewson, Tania Alexander, Chris Hastings, Jonathon Carr-Brown, Alasdair Reid, Margarette Driscoll, Julian Critchley, Nigel Williams, Jeremy Clarkson, John Sutherland, Edward Porter, Hugh Canning, Christine Stopp, Louise Taylor, John Waples Deputy City Editor, Geoff Bloomer, Michael Portillo, Richard Alston, Michelle Langley, Alfred Thomas, Whitley Bay, Peter Millar, Margeret Coles, Liz Jones, Alan Taylor, Graham Otway, Nick Gardner, Paul Reichmann, Reggie Oliver, Quentin Letts, Round robin, Mike Laws, Richard Johnson, Phillip Oppenheim, Stuart Wavell, Josephine Smit, Paul Donovan, Shirley Conran, King William, Giles MacDonogh, Hugh McIlvanney, Chuck Steak, Paul Driver, Richard Binns, Michael Freedland, Nick Newman, Maeve Sheehan, Peter Windsor, Phillip Kingsley, Garth Pearce, Ian Hawkey, Matthew Gwyther, David Leppard, Alicia Wyllie, Mark Edwards, Michael Theodoulou, Kirstie Hamilton, Tom Shone, Sarah Gracie, Helen Chislett, Susan Clark, Davo Hannigan, David Lawrenson, Graham Bates, Zoe Brennan Westminster Correspondent, Rubert Steiner, Karen Bayne, Rev Canon Geoff Smith, Matthew Kalman, John Williams, Anna Pasternak, Raymond Keene, Philippe Deprez, Cosmo Landesman, K Mitchelomore, Alastair Wallace, Diana Wright, Ann Pasternak Slater, Helen Hawkins, Chris Partridge, Stephen Jones, Paul Nuki Consumer Affairs Editor, Nick Cain, Peta Bee, Stephen Bevan, Lucy Atkins, Andrew Smith, Barbara Sawyer Rammelkamp, Paul Nuki, Ed Pearson, Eric Sheldon, Thomas Sutcliffe, David Walsh, Susan Redstone, Jack Grimston, Colin McDowell, Hubert Gregg, Lois Rogers Medical Correspondent, Bryan Appleyard, Rosalyn James, Stephen Armstrong, Christopher Goodwin, Mark Macaskill, Paul Kavanagh, Josh Salzmann, Richard Woods, Garth Alexander, Steward Lee, Ruth Rendell, Douglas Cocharne, Maurice Chittenden, Kevin Pratt, J E P Taylor, Andrew Lorenz Business Editor, Serena Rees, Ray Hutton, Jonathan Powell, Dr Sarah White, Jon Ungoed-Thomas, R S Frost, Kirstie Hamitton, Susan Elkin, Matthew Parris, Kevin Sharpe, Mike Richards, Fiona Matthias, Michael Sheridan, Bryan Horsell, Amanda Craig, Sean Hargrave, Elizabeth Hunter, Justin Rigby, Christine Webb, Romeo Juliet, John Waples, Bruce Morton, Helen Pridham, A A Gill, Mervyn Davies, Mathew Campball, Matthew Campbell, Brian Glanville, P M Brown, David Hutcheon, Tom Robbins, Professor June Purvis, Jonathon Carr-Brown Political Reporter, Stephen Pettitt, Michael Larrabeiti, Kevin Goldstein-Jackson, Sally Kinnes, Alan English, Andrew Lorenz, Naomi Caine, David Wickers, Amands Ursell, Tom Rhodes, Steven Saylor, John Charcol Fusion Mortgage, Tony Leeds, Jonathan Futrell, David Bellamy, Victor Bryant, Rupert Steiner, Stephanic Gruner, George Stephanopoulos, David Parsley, Dipesh Gadner, David Smith Economics Editor, Zoe Linkson, Peter Cooper, Maureen Freely, Bob Dwyer, Joanna Simon, India Knight, Richard Barry, Simon Howard, Danny Danziger, Professor Colin Humphreys, Dominic Rushe, Boris Schapiro,
... largest… ALDI Pharamaceutical Robotic Systems London Business School Csma Advisor Mmiconsult Kenan MKA Management Consulting Limited Highwood ...
1999 - Gale Group | Sunday Times HA GDA
Xin Wang, Georgios B. Giannakis,
Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) has been adopted by the IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless local area networks (WLANs). Using a distributed coordination function (DCF), the CSMA/CA protocol reduces collisions and improves the overall throughput. To mitigate fairness issues arising with CSMA/CA, we develop a modified version that we term CSMA with copying collision avoidance (CSMA/CCA). A station in CSMA/CCA contends for the shared wireless medium by employing a binary exponential backoff similar to CSMA/CA. Different from CSMA/CA, CSMA/CCA copies ...
Tópico(s): Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
2006 - Springer Nature | EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
James Landale, Phil Yates, Gwyn Griffin, Arthur Leathley, Transport Correspondent, Raymond Snoddy Media Editor, David Adams, Nick Nuttall, Robert Cole, Mark Inglefield Political Reporter, Sean O'callaghan, Adrian Lee, Rob Hughes, Sam Kiley Africa Correspondent, Sarah Potter, Magnus Linklater, Stanley Hooper, David Rhys Jones, Richard Hobson, John Diamond, Fiona T. Saunderson, Raymond Snoddy, Media Editor, Michael Evans Defence Editor, Matt Wolf, Philip Howard, Susan Bell, S. Gove, David Hart, Ian Murray, Lynne Truss, Oliver Holt Football Correspondent, Adam Clapham, Carl Mortished, Richard Eaton, Michael N. Rushton, James Eve, Geoff Brown, Robert Sheehan, Bridge Correspondent, David Lindsay, Joe Joseph, Peter Brown, P. A. Rushforth, Tony Holland, Malcolm Bradbury, Michael Barratt, John Bryant, Donald Hutera, Marianne Wiggins, Stewart Tendler Crime Correspondent, Ian Plaistowe, Ruth Gledhill, Matthew Barbour, Raymond Keene Chess Correspondent, Michael Harvey, Richard Evans, Racing Correspondent, Jason Niss?, Christine Buckley and Henrietta Lake, Alan Hamilton, Robert Nye, Gillian Harris, Scotland Correspondent, Michael Clark, Robert Bruce, Anatole Kaletsky, Peter White, Trevor Kemish, Francis Charters, Charles Bremner, Jeremy J. H. Westwood, Peter Barnard, Caroline Merrell Banking Correspondent, Jasper Gerard, Roger Scruton, Russell Kempson, Paul Armstrong, Paul Durman, Simon De Bruxelles, West of England Correspondent, Lisa Armstrong, Carol Midgley Media Correspondent, Richard Aspin, Barry Millington, Stephen Wood, David Watts, D. J. Brock, Dalya Alberge, Arts Correspondent, Adam Jones, Raymond Keene, Adam Sage, Matt Dickinson, Andrew Butcher, Alix Ramsay, Paul Wilkinson, Nigel Cliff, Richard Owen, Damian Whitworth, Martin Fletcher and Audrey Magee, John Carr, Sarah Cunningham, Nigel Hawkes, Science Editor, Erica Wagner, Nicola LeFANU, Philip Webster, Political Editor, Adam Fresco and Elizabeth Judge, Dalya Alberge, Ruth Scurr, David Hands Rugby Correspondent, Adam Fresco, Valerie Elliott, Whitehall Editor, Richard Duce, John Allison, Nicolas Walter, Robert Moreland, Giles Whittell, Christopher Walker, James Pringle, Simon De Bruxelles, Gitta Sereny, Mel Webb, Des Dearlove, Gerald Larner, Matthew Parris, Chris McGrath, George Caulkin, David Gold, Anthony Loyd, Peter Riddell, John Goodbody Sports News Correspondent, Graham Searjeant, Fraser Nelson, Martin Waller, Edward Grayson, Michael Horsnell, Lisa Verrico, Carl Mortished International Business Editor, Benedict Nightingale, Roland Watson, Political Correspondent, Gary Longman, Sarah Cunningham Retail Correspondent, Dr Thomas Stuttaford, John O'Leary and Hannah Betts, David Powell, Sam Kiley, James Christopher, Alex O'connell, Susan MacDonald, Jan Raath, Alasdair Murray, Economics Correspondent, Nigel Glass, Ronald Crichton, Christine Buckley, Industrial Correspondent,
... Contacts Essex UMS group Kerry Ballard, Online Magic Csma Divisional Sales Manager CHEP ALDI Inter Exec Young ...
1999 - Gale Group | TDA
Apoorva Jindal, Konstantinos Psounis,
... that random access scheduling schemes, and more specifically CSMA-CA, yield exceptionally good performance in the context ... wireless multihop networks. While it is believed that CSMA-CA performs significantly worse than optimal, this belief ... we first compare the achievable rate region of CSMA-CA and optimal in a number of carefully constructed multihop topologies and find that CSMA-CA is always within 48% of the optimal. ... we next characterize the worst-case performance of CSMA-CA in neighborhood topologies representing the congested regions ...
Tópico(s): Wireless Networks and Protocols
2012 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
Guanhua Wang, Kaishun Wu, Lionel M. Ni,
... the sink. To address this issue, we propose CSMA/SF (Shortest First) protocol to reduce power consumption ... cost in carrier sense during nodes' channel contention. CSMA/SF modifies existed CSMA/CA MAC protocol. Instead of complete contention-based, CSMA/SF ensures nodes remaining shorter message has higher ... scheduling algorithm and incorporating Length Detection scheme. Further, CSMA/SF employs an Anti-Starvation mechanism to solve the starvation problem of shortest-first protocol. CSMA/SF also optimizes channel utilization by reducing the ...
Tópico(s): Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
2014 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) algorithms have recently received significant interests in the literature for designing wireless control algorithms. CSMA algorithms incur low complexity and can achieve the optimal capacity under certain assumptions. However, CSMA algorithms suffer the starvation problem and incur large ... complexity. Toward this end, we propose a new CSMA-like algorithm, called Virtual-Multi-Channel CSMA (VMC-CSMA), that can dramatically reduce delay. The key idea of VMC-CSMA to avoid the starvation problem is to use ...
Tópico(s): Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
2014 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
Luis Sanabria-Russo, Jaume Barceló, Boris Bellalta, Francesco Gringoli,
... called carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). It uses a binary exponential backoff technique ... of transmitting, effectively reducing the collision probability. Nevertheless, CSMA/CA relies on a random backoff that while ... carrier sense multiple access with enhanced collision avoidance (CSMA/ECA) is able to create a collision-free ... Hysteresis and fair share are two extensions of CSMA/ECA to support a large number of contenders in a collision-free schedule. CSMA/ECA offers better throughput than CSMA/CA and ...
Tópico(s): Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
2016 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
... We consider carrier-sense multiple-access/collision-avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocols as the wireless MAC protocols, since CSMA/CA protocols are based on the standard for ... throughput and packet delay for three types of CSMA/CA protocols: basic CSMA/CA, stop-and-wait automatic repeat request (SW ARQ) CSMA/CA, and four-way handshake (4-WH) CSMA/CA. We calculate the capture probability of an ... protocols. We have found that the performance of CSMA/CA in a radio channel model is 50% ... load, while the throughput and packet delay of CSMA/CA in a radio channel model show better ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Wireless Network Optimization
1999 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
... use carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol. However, the network performance of CSMA/CA is largely degraded in UAV-relay network ... In this paper, URNS architecture and time-mirroring CSMA/CA (TM-CSMA/CA) are proposed to satisfy these requirements. First, ... by only using the physical layer. Second, TM-CSMA/CA guarantees that the UAV relay always wins ... defer time without a MAC layer. Thus, TM-CSMA/CA provides better network performance than CSMA/CA. To the best of our knowledge, there ...
Tópico(s): UAV Applications and Optimization
2019 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Systems Journal
Jianjun Lei, Dewang Tan, Xiaohan Ma, Ying Wang,
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoid (CSMA/CA) restricts the channel utilization efficiency although it always is regarded as a promising distributed channel access scheme, especially in dynamic dense wireless ... hop networks. Specifically, we propose a light-weight CSMA/CA mechanism based on Q-Learning (QL), namely QL-CSMA/CA, which jointly optimizes multiple channel access parameters, ... Window (CW), Maximum Backoff Exponent (MaxBE), and Maximum CSMA Backoffs (MaxCSMABackoffs), by setting mixed rewards and thus ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
2023 - Elsevier BV | Ad Hoc Networks
The carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA-CD) protocol cannot be applied directly to radio ... transmission. Only recently, a new protocol called the CSMA with timesplit collision detection (CSMA-TCD) was introduced to overcome this problem on ... channels. This paper presents an extension of the CSMA-TCD protocol, called CSMA-TCD with multitone tree search (CSMA-TCD-MTTS). In CSMA-TCD, a preamble is transmitted before data transmission. For CSMA-TCD-MTTS, the preamble is modulated with one ...
Tópico(s): Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
1987 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Hojoong Kwon, Hanbyul Seo, Seonwook Kim, Byeong Gi Lee,
... channel carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. The CSMA/CA system in conventional single-channel operation has ... each time instant. The OFDMA-based multi-channel CSMA/CA protocol is designed to enable the stations ... a generalized form of the conventional single-channel CSMA/CA protocol: It allows to segment the channel ... analysis, we devise a multi-channel p-persistent CSMA protocol that can emulate the multi-channel CSMA/ ...
Tópico(s): Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies
2009 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Liqiang Zhao, Jie Zhang, Hailin Zhang,
... effectively in WMNs, the authors present a hybrid CSMA/CA protocol by integrating a proposed virtual CSMA/CA and the standard CSMA/CA protocol. When a node has no packet ... send, it contends for the channel in virtual CSMA/CA mode. In this way the node can ... send, it contends for the channel in standard CSMA/CA mode with the optimal strategy obtained in virtual CSMA/CA mode, switching smoothly from virtual to standard CSMA/CA mode. At the same time, the node ... propose a simplified game-theoretic MAC protocol (G-CSMA/CA) by designing an auto degressive backoff mechanism ...
Tópico(s): Cooperative Communication and Network Coding
2008 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Network