A Railway Shareholder, A Mere Theorist, Cy. Warman, Caliche, E.G. Peake,
The Economist Alliance Assurance Company, Limited Centralbanken for Norge Sun Life Office The Economist Terms of Subscription The Money Market Chicago ...
1912 - Gale Group | The Economist
The caliche profiles on the southern High Plains, Texas and eastern New Mexico, are of Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene age. The Pliocene caliche is colloquially known as the "caprock." Differences in ... physical factors, and chemistry allow classification of the caliche into young, mature, and old types. Young caliche is incompetent and powdery except when formed as ... laminated zone over an underlying plugged profile. Mature caliche is characteristically nodular, grading downward into old caliche ...
Tópico(s): Landslides and related hazards
1970 - University of Chicago Press | The Journal of Geology
ABSTRACT Study of a caliche unit in the Pleistocene Ironshore Formation on Cayman Brac, British West Indies, demonstrates that plant roots and their associated micro- ... a diverse array of micro-organisms penetrated the caliche. Both the water and the micro-organisms played an important role in the diagenesis of the caliche. The chasmolithic, epilithic and endolithic algae, fungi and ... needle-fibre cements, which are common in the caliche around the plant roots, may have formed in ... and destruction of porosity and permeability in the caliche. Recognition of root borings and their associated cements ...
Tópico(s): Botany and Geology in Latin America and Caribbean
1988 - Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists | Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology
Selım Kapur, S. Yaman, S.L. Go ̈kc ̧en, Cengiz Yetiş,
... Basin of Turkey reveals relations among mature massive caliche (calcrete) and paleosolic immature caliche and the Tertiary clay (the Handere Formation) and ... to younger, the section comprises: Tertiary clays, paleosolic caliche, colluvial material, massive caliche, and lenticular caliche. The two massive caliche beds have similar assemblages of carbonate minerals, whereas the paleosolic caliche contains more clay minerals and most probably represents an earlier stage of massive caliche formation. The variability of types of calcite, the ...
Tópico(s): Mineralogy and Gemology Studies
1993 - Elsevier BV | CATENA
Tiexiong Gong, Yuanjun Zhu, Mingan Shao,
Quantifying the distribution of caliche nodules in a catchment is a basis toward understanding soil erosion and soil degradation as well as soil-water processes in the soil containing caliche nodules. In this study, field surveys and soil ... image processing to investigate the spatial distribution of caliche nodules and their influencing factors in the Liudaogou ... Loess Plateau of China. Results showed that more caliche nodules were present at the top of the ... high elevation regions, as represented by comparatively higher caliche nodule coverage (CNC, 11.26–18.28%). Caliche ...
Tópico(s): Landslides and related hazards
2018 - Elsevier BV | Geoderma
Research Article| December 01, 1965 FORMATION OF CALICHE IN SITU HORACE R BLANK; HORACE R BLANK DEPT. GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY, TEXAS A. & M. UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS 77843 Search for other ... HORACE R BLANK, EUGENE W TYNES; FORMATION OF CALICHE IN SITU. GSA Bulletin 1965;; 76 (12): 1387– ... Kimble County, Texas, secondary calcium carbonate, commonly called caliche, occurs (1) as soft pulverulent material at small ... the lateral gradation of limestone strata into soft caliche and petrographic evidence of the replacement of coarse ...
Tópico(s): Geological and Geochemical Analysis
1965 - Geological Society of America | Geological Society of America Bulletin
Robert L. Folk William C. Ward,
ABSTRACT A partly blackened limestone and caliche rubble has been produced in situ at the edge of hypersaline lakes on the island of Mujeres off the northeast coast of ... of dark and lighter-colored country rock and caliche crusts. Dark-colored constituents of this rubble gravel ... eolianite country rock and 2) black porous laminated caliche-algal micrite crusts. Pale to dark yellowbrown constituents, ... to 75% of the rubble, are fragments of caliche and eolianite. Chemical analyses of the dark and ... environment of an algal mat. Apparently dark-colored caliche-like crusts may be laid down in localities ...
Tópico(s): Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
1970 - Society for Sedimentary Geology | Journal of Sedimentary Research
A complex caliche profile, and numerous widespread zones of carbonate cement occur in a thick sequence of fluvial siliciclastic sandstones and ... of up to 25 vol.% carbonate. Whereas the caliche horizon at the Centennial Mine shows typical upward-grading features characteristic of pedogenic caliche, the widespread sparry carbonate cement is less diagnostic. It is interpreted also as caliche for the following reasons: (1) it predates regional epidote metamorphism; (2) a caliche profile has been described from the same strata; ( ...
Tópico(s): Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
1986 - Elsevier BV | Precambrian Research
Abstract Thermal experiments under laboratory conditions examined caliche discoloration and thermal conductivity/shock. the results provide information about caliche behavior under thermal conditions, which in some environmental settings will assist archaeologists in identifying discolored caliche from cultural activities as opposed to that from ... with carbon reduction between 300° and 700° C caliche glows during heating as the carbon oxidizes; the ... the thermal conductivity experiment compared heat transference of caliche with other lithic resources of the Llano Estacado, ...
Tópico(s): Archaeological and Geological Studies
1989 - Wiley | Geoarchaeology
Greg H. Mack, David R. Cole, Thomas H. Giordano, William C. Schaal, José Humberto Barcelos,
... The stable oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of caliche in fluvial and supratidal rocks of the Abo ... is controlled by paleoclimate and depositional environment. Fluvial caliche consists of low-Mg calcite nodules and vertically ... texture, and peloids are common in the fluvial caliche and, along with red color and slickensides in ... paucity of vadose textures in the stage II caliche n dules. Stable oxygen isotopes are similar in ... relations suggests that 1) surface waters responsible for caliche formation increased in 18O (from roughly -8 to + ...
Tópico(s): Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
1991 - Society for Sedimentary Geology | Journal of Sedimentary Research
Paul N. Backhouse, Eileen Johnson, Alexander Brackenreed‐Johnston, Briggs Buchanan,
Abstract Throughout the Holocene, caliche has been a ubiquitous technological resource for the people of the Southern High Plains. Archaeological sites on the Southern High ... often contain thermal features that appear to utilize caliche nodules in various cultural processes. These processes usually ... some degree of thermal dynamic alteration to the caliche, identified in the archaeological record as fire‐scorched ... nodules. Previous studies of the pyrodynamic properties of caliche have focused on quantification of color and fracture ...
Tópico(s): Archaeology and Rock Art Studies
2005 - Wiley | Geoarchaeology
Caliche is used as a genus of soil-mineral accumulations, including calcareous, siliceous, ferruginous, aluminous and nitrogenous varieties in young, mature, and aged stages. Calcareous caliche (some travertine, sinter or tufa), quartzite, chalcedony, opal, ... 3-10 feet underground, forms horizontal layers of caliche minerals to produce a formation, the duricrust, of ... Oakville or post-Lagarto plain, with several soil (caliche) beds. The Lower Reynosa is slightly thicker (not ... The main body of the Reynosa, capped by caliche, holds up the Reynosa Plateau or cuesta, which ...
Tópico(s): Water Quality and Resources Studies
1933 - American Association of Petroleum Geologists | AAPG Bulletin
... January 01, 1972 Origin of the Mormon Mesa Caliche, Clark County, Nevada LEONARD ROBERT GARDNER LEONARD ROBERT ... LEONARD ROBERT GARDNER; Origin of the Mormon Mesa Caliche, Clark County, Nevada. GSA Bulletin 1972;; 83 (1): ... herein, it is concluded that the Mormon Mesa caliche has formed primarily as the result of pedogenetic ... the fact that the calcrete horizon of the caliche contains a much greater amount of secondary CaCO ... to form the underlying transition zone of friable caliche.The data further indicates that perhaps at least ...
Tópico(s): Geological and Geochemical Analysis
1972 - Geological Society of America | Geological Society of America Bulletin
... on Barbados (West Indies) are mantled by secondary caliche profiles which range from thin, vaguely laminated surficial ... gradual transition from relatively well developed, laterally continuous caliche profiles in the more arid areas to a ... the high-rainfall regions. Major components of the caliche profiles consist of sediment inherited from the substrate on which the caliche has been superimposed, grains and matrix of diagenetic ... together, the components and fabrics are diagnostic of caliche and hence serve as criteria for the recognition ...
Tópico(s): Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
1977 - Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists | Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology
... the Hanford Site is a sloped Plio‐Pleistocene caliche layer, which was reproduced in the experiment as ... in a medium‐grained, uniform, sand matrix. The caliche contains considerable amounts of CaCO 3 and may ... liquids (DNAPL) that had initially moved into the caliche remained in this layer. Water was subsequently applied ... constant rate over the full length of the caliche layer to study CCl 4 displacement as a ... of changing water saturations. Water saturation in the caliche layer rose to as high as 0.91 ...
Tópico(s): NMR spectroscopy and applications
2003 - Soil Science Society of America | Vadose Zone Journal
... the Hanford Site is a sloped Plio-Pleistocene caliche layer, which was reproduced in the experiment as ... in a medium-grained, uniform, sand matrix. The caliche contains considerable amounts of CaCO3 and may have ... liquids (DNAPL) that had initially moved into the caliche remained in this layer. Water was subsequently applied ... constant rate over the full length of the caliche layer to study CCl4 displacement as a result of changing water saturations. Water saturation in the caliche layer rose to as high as 0.91 ...
Tópico(s): NMR spectroscopy and applications
2003 - Soil Science Society of America | Vadose Zone Journal
Rouzbeh Afsharhasani, Moses Karakouzian, Visar Farhangi,
... Osterberg test performed in soils containing layers of caliche. The location of the hydraulic jack with respect to caliche layers influences the measurements obtained from the Osterberg ... full-scale field load tests in soils containing caliche layers. The hydraulic jack was placed at the ... locations at several distances above and below a caliche layer. The results of the simulations indicate that ... the O-cell was installed far from the caliche layer, the Osterberg tests results showed lower pile ... the O-cell was installed close to the caliche layers, the Osterberg tests results showed comparable pile ...
Tópico(s): Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures
2020 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Applied Sciences
... the Saskatchewan Winnipegosis generally is interpreted as fossil caliche. This interpretation appears incompatible for four reasons. (1) ... in contrast with the substrate independence of modern caliche. Vadose pisolite has not been associated directly with ... Described vadose pisolite lacks lithologic sequences comparable to caliche profiles. (3) Vadose have many more egular laminae than the caliche pisoliths, which are present in micritic rather than ... fitting, downward elongations, and perched inclusions for the caliche origin of the vadose pisolite only indicates in- ...
Tópico(s): Geological and Geophysical Studies
1976 - American Association of Petroleum Geologists | AAPG Bulletin
ABSTRACT Two caliche profiles from a Pleistocene carbonate dune on San Salvador Island, Bahamas, were examined by petrographic and geochemical analysis. Profile A is an immature buried caliche profile characterized by caliche pisolites, a friable crust and abundant Cerion. Profile B is a more well‐developed caliche profile at the top of the dune which ... a breccia and abundant Cerion . Geochemical changes in caliche profiles relative to the host rock are an ... of microbial processes in the early development of caliche profiles. Biogenic structures are largely destroyed in profile ...
Tópico(s): Geological formations and processes
1987 - Wiley | Sedimentology
L. Paul Knauth, Mauro Brilli, Stan Klonowski,
... variations in oxygen and carbon isotopes occur in caliche developed on < 3 Ma basalts in 3 volcanic ... range of δ18O and δ13C observed in terrestrial caliche. Within each volcanic field, δ18O is broadly co- ... pedogenic carbonate developed in soil atmospheres. The pedogenic caliche has δ18O fixed by normal precipitation in local ... low δ13C characteristic of microbial soil CO2. Subaerial caliche has formed from 18O-rich evapoconcentrated meteoric waters ... or to kinetic isotope effects associated with evaporation. Caliche on basalt lava flows thus initially forms with ...
Tópico(s): Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
2003 - Elsevier BV | Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Javier I. Ordóñez, Alicia Condori, Luis Moreno, Luís A. Cisternas,
Caliche is a mineral exploited in northern Chile, from which iodine and Nitrate salts (saltpeter) are obtained. ... water as a leaching agent. Heap leaching of caliche ore is carried out by the stacking of ... During the leaching, the multiple soluble species of caliche, which can reach total fractions larger than 40%, ... The leaching modeling of several soluble species of caliche has been recently addressed; however, one of the ... to complement the previously formulated phenomenological models for caliche ore leaching, through a model that considers the ...
Tópico(s): Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques
2017 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Minerals
Caliche underlies the soils of the northeastern Llano Estacado as single, double, or, in a few places, multiple layers, each consisting of relatively unindurated caliche grading upward into the indurated cap-rock. Laboratory studies show that the caliche is composed of varying but roughly equal parts ... adjoining. Physiographic and theoretical considerations indicate that the caliche is a product of long continued deposition and ... appears to have been fine eolian elastics. The caliche, with interruptions, apparently has been forming continuously since ...
Tópico(s): Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
1956 - University of Chicago Press | The Journal of Geology
Darrel M. Stuart, M. A. Fosberg, G. C. Lewis,
Abstract Deposition of caliche in the soils of southwestern Idaho probably results from soil‐forming processes. Caliche occurring on the lower, intermediate, and upper terraces ... ground surfaces with the top surfaces of the caliche layers is found. The pedogenic development of the ... also to the thickness and induration of the caliche layers. The thickness of the C ca horizon ... increases. Calcium carbonate and silicates increase in the caliche horizons as the soils and terraces increase in ...
Tópico(s): Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
1961 - Wiley | Soil Science Society of America Journal
Henry S. Chafetz, John C. Butler,
ABSTRACT Recent caliche, including nodules, pisolites, crusts, internal sediment, speleothem deposits, and spherulites, has formed within the dolomitic Cretaceous Edwards Formation ... dolomite are the most prominent constituent of the caliche. Some of the nodules have a well developed ... Features which appear to be useful in distinguishing caliche from hypersaline pisolites are: regional geological setting, association with other caliche and palaeosoil deposits, types of fossils present, and ... water was relatively abundant. Spherulitic bodies within the caliche, commonly 1–2 mm in diameter, display a ...
Tópico(s): Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
1980 - Wiley | Sedimentology
J. Kalliokoski, EDWIN J. WELCH,
Research Article| September 01, 1985 Keweenawan-age caliche paleosol in the lower part of the Calumet and Hecla Conglomerate, Centennial Mine, Calumet, Michigan J. KALLIOKOSKI; J. KALLIOKOSKI 1Department of Geology and ... Citation J. KALLIOKOSKI, EDWIN J. WELCH; Keweenawan-age caliche paleosol in the lower part of the Calumet ... fine-grained sediments, there is a complex submature caliche soil profile represented by an upward increase in ... corresponding changes in calcite structures. There is also caliche in conglomerate. All of this calcite predates the ...
Tópico(s): Geological formations and processes
1985 - Geological Society of America | Geological Society of America Bulletin
Abstract Caliche is a fairly widespread pedogenic carbonate that commonly has been used to reconstruct palaeoclimatological conditions. Stable isotopic analyses of three types of caliche nodules from Mission Bay, Texas, provide insights into ... late Quaternary soils; they represent young to intermediate caliche nodules with no obvious diagenesis and, with constraints, ... soil, there is a sub‐set of incipient caliche nodules with δ 13 C values around 0· ... demonstrates that, whereas the stable isotopic compositions of caliche nodules can be used for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, diagenesis ...
Tópico(s): Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
2008 - Wiley | Sedimentology
Mushin Eren, Zübeyde Hatipoğlu Bağcı,
... tubular, fracture-infill, laminar crust, hard laminated crust (caliche hardpan), pisolithic crust. The hard laminated crust shows ... associated with dome- and ridge-like morphologies termed caliche tepees or pseudo-anticlines. Kamenitzas or solution basins ... from ponding water mostly at the top of caliche tepees. Rillenkarren are solutional flutes separated by sharp ... surface irregularities at or near the top of caliche tepees and form from sheet flow. Solution pits ... water flowing along a fracture. The coexistence of caliche and karst features is important to indicate a ...
Tópico(s): Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
2010 - | Acta Carsologica
Research Article| July 01, 1971 Relations of Caliche to Small Natural Depressions, Southern High Plains, Texas and New Mexico C. C REEVES, JR. C. C REEVES, JR. Department of Geosciences, Texas ... Search Site Citation C. C REEVES; Relations of Caliche to Small Natural Depressions, Southern High Plains, Texas ... no genetic relation to the underlying Pliocene "caprock" caliche. Other small depressions have probably been produced by ... small depressions which reflect sinks in the underlying caliche is unknown. First Page Preview Close Modal You ...
Tópico(s): Aeolian processes and effects
1971 - Geological Society of America | Geological Society of America Bulletin
... micrite and microspary calcite with microfabrics characteristic of caliche. Pure calcitic peloids are often reddened and those ... wetting and drying. The lack of in-situ caliche profiles in the Maleri sequence and the rarity ... imply that the peloids were derived from incipient caliche profiles which were localized at or near the ... completely stripped off by subsequent erosion. The ghost caliche profiles suggest the presence of periodically stable levels ...
Tópico(s): Soil erosion and sediment transport
1988 - Elsevier BV | Sedimentary Geology
Manuel A. Bravo, ALEJANDRO C OLWIERT, Beatriz Oelckers,
... the determination of the nitrate content in Chilean Caliche samples, in the concentration range from 1 to ... using the Kennard-Stone methodology, starting from real Caliche samples whose nitrate content was previously determined using ... was then applied to a set of independent Caliche samples. The results were compared with a univariate ... for routine analysis of a large number of caliche samples.
Tópico(s): Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
2009 - Sociedad Chilena de Química | Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society