National Library of Medicine (NCBI)
Sir Alan Reeve Manby, Wm. H. Newcomb, William F. Waugh, J. W. Wainwright, John W. Wainwright, C. F. Theisen, A. L. Blackwood,
... Diabetes, For Dysphagia, Tuberculin, Europhen (Di-Isobutyl-Ortho-Cresol-Iodid), Orexin (Phenyl-Dihydro-Chin-Azolin Hydrochlorid), The ...
1905 - Gale Group | NCCO-STM 1of2
RC Bayly, S. Dagley, D T Gibson,
... a non-fluorescent species of Pseudomonas oxidized p-cresol. In contrast, a fluorescent Pseudomonas oxidized 3-methylcatechol and 4-methylcatechol when grown with p-cresol, but did not oxidize protocatechuate. 2. Heat-treated ... that of 3-methylcatechol was formed from o-cresol and m-cresol, and the ring-fission product of 4-methylcatechol was given from p-cresol. Propionate was readily oxidized by these cells after growth with p-cresol, but this compound was not attacked when phenol, o-cresol or m-cresol served as source of carbon. ...
Tópico(s): Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
1966 - Portland Press | Biochemical Journal
G. K. Manohar, S. Sathyanarayana,
The adsorption of cresols at the mercury-solution interface from NaF and from NaOH solutions has been studied by electrocapillary and capacitance methods. ... has been attempted with special reference to o-cresol adsorption. The curves obtained in NaF solutions are ... the supporting electrolyte except when the concentration of cresol is nearly as large as that of the ... of four capacitors for the adsorption of o-cresol from NaF solutions, the dielectrics being monolayers of ... water molecules, flat-as well as vertical-oriented cresol molecules, and a polylayer of flat-oriented cresol ...
Tópico(s): Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
1971 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
... bases dissociation constants were determined conductimetrically in m-cresol. A glass electrode was calibrated by means of ... of some other acids and bases in m-cresol. The value 2·10−19 was found for the self-dissociation constant of m-cresol. From the difference pKa (cresol) - pKa (pyridine) for those compounds having acid or ... are not levelled either in pyridine or m-cresol, it was found that the solvent m-cresol has a basicity about 8 pK units less ... acides et bases par conductométrie dans le m-crésol. Au moyen de quelques composés ayant une constante ...
Tópico(s): Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
1971 - Elsevier BV | Analytica Chimica Acta
... groups on 3,5-xylenol and on p-cresol by two different enzymes. 3,5-Xylenol methylhydroxylase, ... extracts, requires NADH, is not active with p-cresol and is inhibited by cyanide, but not by CO. The p-cresol methylhydroxylase requires an electron acceptor and will act ... size. The enzyme catalyses the hydroxylation of p-cresol (Km 16 micron) and the further oxidation of ... 27 micron) to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. A different p-cresol methylhydroxylase of the flavocytochrome c type is induced by growth on p-cresol. It too was purified and has mol.wt. ...
Tópico(s): Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
1978 - Portland Press | Biochemical Journal
Gillian Murphy, Günter Vogel, Günther Krippahl, Feodor Lynen,
Two hydroxylation reactions of m ‐cresol, an intermediate in the secondary biosynthesis of the antibiotic patulin, have been characterised in cell‐free preparations of Penicillium patulum. The ability to convert m ‐cresol to 2,5‐dihydroxytoluene and m ‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol ... The activities had K m values for m ‐cresol of 80 μM and 5 μM, respectively. Both ... oxygen and NADPH for activity. Inhibition of m ‐cresol hydroxylases by carbon monoxide is reversible by light ... cyanide but are inhibited by cytochrome c. m ‐Cresol hydroxylation therefore appears to be catalysed by typical ...
Tópico(s): Microbial Metabolism and Applications
1974 - Wiley | European Journal of Biochemistry
Earl M. Woolley, Dennis S. Rushforth,
... intermolecular hydrogen-bonding self-association of the three cresols in CCl 4 solutions at 25 °C has ... determined heats of dilution of each of the cresols in anhydrous CCl 4 are interpreted in terms ... squares and other methods. Results show that o-cresol is clearly less associated in anhydrous CCl 4 ... at 25 °C than either m- or p-cresol. Values of K 2 and K 3 (both ... the reactions [Formula: see text] respectively, are o-cresol: 0.7, 1. 3 ,−3. 4 ,−12. 5 ; m-cresol: 0.8, 5. 0 ,−5. 0 ,−13. 6 ; p-cresol: 0.3 5 , 6. 5 ,−5. 5 ,−13. ...
Tópico(s): Thermodynamic properties of mixtures
1974 - NRC Research Press | Canadian Journal of Chemistry
Seitarô Namba, Tatsuaki Yashima, Yasushi Itaba, Nobuyoshi Hara,
This chapter presents the selective formation of p-cresol by alkylation of phenol with methanol over Y ... H–Y zeolites are advantageous to produce p-cresol selectively. The weaker acid sites are effective in ... more effective for the selective formation of p-cresol than Na+ in H–Y zeolites. The yield of p-cresol is 22%, the selectivity for p-cresol based on phenol converted is 35%, and the fraction of p-isomer in cresols is 61% on the H–K–Y zeolite. ... not a main intermediate in the formation of cresol by the alkylation of phenol with methanol over ...
Tópico(s): Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
1980 - Elsevier BV | Studies in surface science and catalysis
... enzymes of the degradative pathways of phenol and cresols. Mutant strains deficient in catechol 2, 3-oxygenase accumulated the appropriate catechol derivative from cresols. A mutant strain which would not grow on either phenol or a cresol was shown to be deficient in both 2- ... grown in the presence of phenol or a cresol, the appropriate product of meta fission of these ... was able to grow on ortho - and meta -cresol but not para -cresol, was shown to have regained only the hydrolase ... the products of meta ring fission of the cresols and phenol are metabolized as follows: (i) ortho - ...
Tópico(s): Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
1973 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Bacteriology
Mikio Yashiki, T. Kojima, Tetsuji Miyazaki, F. Chikasue, Minako Ohtani,
... rapid method for analysis of free and conjugated cresols in biological fluids was developed. Prior to and following freeing of the conjugated cresols by acid hydrolysis in a sealed ampoule, free cresols were extracted by Extrelut column extraction, determined by ... mass spectrometry. In a non-fatal case of cresol intoxication a 46-year-old male had ingested about 100 ml of a saponated cresol soap solution. The concentrations of xylenol (2,4- ... or 2,5-dimethylphenol) and p- and m-cresol in the serum sample collected on admission were ...
Tópico(s): Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
1990 - Elsevier BV | Forensic Science International
Walter J. Smolenski, Joseph M. Suflita,
The biodegradation of o-, m-, and p-cresol was examined in material obtained from a shallow anaerobic alluvial sand aquifer. The cresol isomers were preferentially metabolized, with p-cresol being the most easily degraded. m-Cresol was more persistent than the para-isomer, and o-cresol persisted for over 90 days. Biodegradation of cresol isomers was favored under sulfate-reducing conditions (SRC) ... conditions (MC). Slurries that were acclimated to p-cresol metabolism transformed this substrate at 18 and 330 ...
Tópico(s): Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
1987 - American Society for Microbiology | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Joseph M. Suflita, Li-Nuo Liang, Adesh Saxena,
... for their ability to metabolize eithero-, m-, orp-cresol. GC/MS and simultaneous adaptation experiments suggested that the anaerobic decomposition ofp-cresol proceeds by the initial oxidation of the aryl ... also found in spent culture fluids from ano-cresol-degrading enrichment culture. This result, in addition to others, suggested thato-cresol may also be anaerobically degraded by the oxidation ... the methyl substituent. An alternate pathway for anaerobicm-cresol decomposition might exist. Enrichment cultures obtained with eitherp- ...
Tópico(s): Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
1989 - Springer Science+Business Media | Journal of Industrial Microbiology
Guoying Wang, Jianping Wen, Hongmei Li, Chun-Sheng Qiu,
... study the anaerobic biodegradation of phenol and m-cresol as single and dual substrates in batch cultures. ... a higher potential to degrade phenol than m-cresol. The cell growth kinetics of batch cultures with various initial m-cresol concentrations was investigated, and the Haldane kinetic model ... the dynamic behavior of cell growth on m-cresol. When cells grew on the mixture of phenol and m-cresol, substrate interactions were observed. Phenol inhibited the utilization of m-cresol; on the other hand, m-cresol also inhibited ...
Tópico(s): Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
2009 - Springer Science+Business Media | Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology
Koji Kawakami, Ikuyo Makino, Ikuo Kato, Yuusuke Uchida, Masaharu Onoue,
p-Cresol, an end product of aromatic amino acids, is produced from food proteins by intestinal bacteria, and is ... feces. Especially, blood and fecal levels of p-cresol are high in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Although it has been suggested that p-cresol is toxic in the body, the effect of p-cresol on immune responses has not yet been clarified. ... this study, we investigated the effect of p-cresol on IL-12 production of macrophages stimulated with ... Shirota (LcS) in vitro. Pre-incubation with p-cresol inhibited IL-12 p40 production of LcS-stimulated ...
Tópico(s): Gut microbiota and health
2009 - Taylor & Francis | Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology
Pandian Elavarasan, Kishore Kondamudi, Sreedevi Upadhyayula,
Alkylation of p-cresol with tert-butyl alcohol was studied using ionic liquid catalyst prepared from N-(1,4-sulfonic acid) butyl triethylammonium ... temperature, reactant mole ratio, catalyst (IL) to p-cresol mole ratio and time of reaction on the conversion of p-cresol and yield of 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol (TBC) were optimized using Box–Behnken design. Low temperature, low p-cresol to alcohol ratio and low catalyst (IL) to p-cresol ratio in a batch reactor were found to maximize conversion of p-cresol and yield of TBC.
Tópico(s): Chemical Synthesis and Reactions
2009 - Elsevier BV | Chemical Engineering Journal
Yuan Ren, Li‐Hua Peng, Liujie Deng, Chaohai Wei,
A bacterium capable of biodegrading m-cresol was isolated from aerobic sludge of a coking wastewater treatment plant. Morphological and biochemical analyses, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence ... bacterium is coupled with the biodegradation of m-cresol. Optimal biodegradation conditions were pH 7 and a ... farmeri SCO1 degraded approximately 700 mg · L−1m-cresol completely with 200 mg · L−1 biomass in ... 70 h when C. farmeri SCO1 biodegraded m-cresol at concentration ranges between 19 and 697 mg · ... increased with an increasing initial concentration of m-cresol from 20 to 300 mg · L−1, to ...
Tópico(s): Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
2009 - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. | Environmental Engineering Science
James F. Winchester, Thomas H. Hostetter, Timothy W. Meyer,
... solutes are toxic. One such solute is p-cresol sulfate, a metabolite of tyrosine, which is bound ... strengthens the case for the toxicity of p-cresol sulfate and exemplifies the type of work required ... 175 prevalent hemodialysis patients that high baseline p-cresol sulfate levels, measured as p-cresol, were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. ... B. De Moor B. et al.Free p-cresol is associated with cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. ... present study, they show that high plasma p-cresol sulfate levels also are associated with high concentrations ...
Tópico(s): Muscle and Compartmental Disorders
2009 - Elsevier BV | American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Carlos David Silva-Luna, J. A. Ibáñez, Eric Houbron, F. M. Cuervo-López, Anne‐Claire Texier,
... ability of a nitrifying consortium exposed to p-cresol (25 mg C L−1) was evaluated in ... investigated by identifying the different intermediates formed. p-Cresol inhibited the ammonia-oxidizing process with a decrease ... The consortium was able to totally oxidize p-cresol at a specific rate of 0.17 ± 0.06 mg p-cresol-C mg−1 microbial protein h−1. p-Cresol was first transformed to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and p- ... a specific inhibitor of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), p-cresol was oxidized to the same intermediates and in ...
Tópico(s): Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
2009 - Elsevier BV | Chemosphere
Shih-Wei Liu, Chun-Chi Lin, Chorng‐Kuang How,
... catheter was placed, black urine was drained (Figure). Cresol intoxication. The urine levels of para-cresol, meta-cresol, ortho-cresol, and phenol were 10,186, 11,015, 388, ... impairment. He recovered uneventfully after intensive supportive care. Cresol, a commonly used household disinfectant worldwide, was the ... W.J. Yang C.C. et al.Concentrated cresol intoxication.Vet Hum Toxicol. 1998; 40: 341-343PubMed Google Scholar When ingested, cresol is excreted in the urine and renal damage ... The black urine is a prominent feature of cresol intoxication. Other different diagnoses of black urine include ...
Tópico(s): Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
2009 - Elsevier BV | Annals of Emergency Medicine
Markus Gerhards, B. Kimpfel, Marvin N. Pohl, Michaël Schmitt, Karl Kleinermanns,
... photon resonant ionisation spectra of supersonically cooled p-cresol · (H2O)n and phenol · (H2O)n are reported. ... is not observed here. The spectrum of p-cresol · (H2O)1, is red-shifted relative to the free p-cresol spectrum, while the p-cresol · (H2O)2,3 electronic origins are blue-shifted relative to p-cresol · (H2O)1 but still lie on the red ... effect exerted on the O-atom of p-cresol, which acts as proton donor and acceptor in ... Vibrational spectra of supersonically cooled complexes of p-cresol with H2O and CH3OH were further analysed by ...
Tópico(s): Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
1992 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Molecular Structure
... cell growth on carbazole-containing mixtures with p-cresol and sodium salicylate. Both p-cresol and sodium salicylate could be utilised by the ... cells grew on the mixture of carbazole, p-cresol and sodium salicylate, strong substrate interactions were observed. Carbazole degradation started only after p-cresol was significantly or completely removed, and the removal of carbazole was incomplete when the initial p-cresol concentration was higher than 20 mg/l. No ... was removed at all when the initial p-cresol concentration in the system was higher than 120 ...
Tópico(s): Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
2002 - Elsevier BV | Water Research
Sin‐Yuet Yeung, W H Lan, Chi‐Fei Huang, Chun‐Pin Lin, Cheng-Chi Chan, M.C. Chang, Jiiang‐Huei Jeng,
... effect of tricresols. This study showed that three cresol isomers, o-cresol, m-cresol and p-cresol, are H2O2 scavengers with a 50% inhibitory concentration ( ... 10.16 μm, respectively. o-, m- and p-cresol were also shown to be effective scavengers of ... as analyzed by luminometer. o-, m- and p-cresol showed protective effects on the DNA breaks generated ... to 1.43 mm. o-, m- and p-cresol also showed differential protective effects against DNA breaks ...
Tópico(s): Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
2002 - Elsevier BV | Food and Chemical Toxicology
Crispin H. Pierce, Yili Chen, Russell L. Dills, David A. Kalman, Michael S. Morgan,
... 2H5-hippuric acid, 75±6.4%; 2H7-o-cresol, 0.31±0.22%; 2H7-m-cresol, 0.53±0.44%; and 2H7-p-cresol, 11±3.8%. Interindividual variability was assessed using ... 2H5-hippuric acid, 29, 8.6%; 2H7-o-cresol, 80, 73%; 2H7-m-cresol, 37, 83%; and 2H7-p-cresol, 38, 34%. Excretion rates of the cresols were stable over the first 5 h post-exposure, and o-cresol was determined to be the best urinary indicator ... background levels of this isomer. The hippuric acid/cresol rate ratios for the first 5 h post- ...
Tópico(s): Body Composition Measurement Techniques
2002 - Elsevier BV | Toxicology Letters
Rita De Smet, Jacqueline Van Kaer, Bruno Van Vlem, Antoine De Cubber, Philippe Brunet, Norbert Lameire, Raymond Vanholder,
... solutes usually cleared by the healthy kidneys. p-Cresol can be considered a prototypic protein-bound uremic ... that the non-protein-bound fraction of p-cresol exerts toxicity. This aspect had never been evaluated, ... the factors influencing the free fraction of p-cresol. Methods: In a transsectional study we evaluated the relationship between prehemodialysis free p-cresol and the ratio of free to total p-cresol (F:T) to clinical and biological factors in ... renal failure patients. The evolution of free p-cresol was assessed prospectively in 12 patients showing a ...
Tópico(s): Neurological and metabolic disorders
2003 - American Association for Clinical Chemistry | Clinical Chemistry
Biju M. Devassy, Ganapati V. Shanbhag, F. Lefebvre, S.B. Halligudi,
Butylation of p-cresol by tert-butanol was catalyzed by 12-tungstophosphoric acid supported on zirconia (TPA/ZrO2) under flow conditions. Catalysts prepared ... the most active catalyst in butylation of p-cresol. The effects of temperature, space velocity (LHSV) and ... of the reactants on the conversion of p-cresol and products selectivities were optimized and the optimum ... conditions evaluated were 403 K, tert-butanol/p-cresol (Bu/Cr) molar ratio 3 and LHSV 4 ... 1. Under the optimized conditions, conversion of p-cresol was found to be 61 mol% with product ...
Tópico(s): Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications
2003 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical
Nilesh W. Gaikwad, William J. Bodell,
... 60 cells treated with the toluene metabolite p-cresol. Treatment of HL-60 cells with the combination of p-cresol and H2O2 produced four DNA adducts 1: (75. ... The levels of DNA adducts formed by p-cresol were dependent on concentrations of p-cresol, H2O2 and treatment time. In vitro incubation of p-cresol with myeloperoxidase and H2O2 produced three DNA adducts ... 10−7. The quinone methide derivative of p-cresol (PCQM) was prepared by Ag(I)O oxidation. ... formed in HL-60 cells treated with p-cresol and after myeloperoxidase activation of p-cresol were ...
Tópico(s): Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
2003 - Elsevier BV | Chemico-Biological Interactions
Gerrit Lesaffer, R. De Smet, F. M. Belpaire, Bruno Van Vlem, Marijn Van Hulle, R. Cornelis, Norbert Lameire, R. Vanholder,
... and/or protein-bound substances such as p-cresol are responsible for adverse physiological alterations in uraemic patients. To better understand the evolution of p-cresol disposition in renal failure and dialysis patients, it ... biotransformation pathways.We studied the biotransformation of p-cresol after intravenous injection of the compound in eight ... h intervals. To evaluate the presence of p-cresol metabolites, beta-glucuronidase was added to urine samples ... mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis.Administration of p-cresol produced a p-cresol peak and an unknown ...
Tópico(s): Methemoglobinemia and Tumor Lysis Syndrome
2003 - Oxford University Press | Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
Yasumasa Morinaga, Chiaki Fuke, Tomonori Arao, Tetsuji Miyazaki,
We investigated kinetics of p-cresol, m-cresol, and their glucuronide and sulfate metabolites in blood and organs of rats. We established a quantitative analysis method for the measurement of the concentrations of cresols. Endogenous β-glucuronidase, an enzyme which hydrolyses the ... rat organs, and it influenced the procedures for cresol hydrolysis of sulfatase. It was necessary for the quantitative analysis of cresol sulfate in organs to add the saccharolactone (d- ... analysis of the glucuronide. It was found that cresol administered via the stomach tube diffuses directly through ...
Tópico(s): Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
2003 - Elsevier BV | Legal Medicine
Gerrit Lesaffer, Rita De Smet, Tommy D'heuvaert, Frans M. Belpaire, Norbert Lameire, Raymond Vanholder,
Comparative kinetics of the uremic toxin p-cresol versus creatinine in rats with and without renal failure.Backgroundp-cresol, which is extensively metabolized into p-cresylglucuronide in the rat, is related ... investigated the kinetic behavior of intravenously injected p-cresol (10 mg/kg) in rats with normal and ... was obtained by 5/6 nephrectomy. Both p-cresol and p-cresylglucuronide were analyzed using reversed-phase ... peak height and the underlying amount of p-cresol was determined after hydrolysis of the glucuronide with ...
Tópico(s): Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
2003 - Elsevier BV | Kidney International