... opened new perspectives in biotechnology and biomedicine Emmanuelle Charpentier Emmanuelle Charpentier [email protected] Department of Regulation in Infection ... Search for more papers by this author Emmanuelle Charpentier Emmanuelle Charpentier [email protected] Department of Regulation in Infection Biology, ... University, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]Emmanuelle Charpentier is awarded the 2015 Louis-Jeantet Prize for ...
Tópico(s): Animal Genetics and Reproduction
2015 - Springer Nature | EMBO Molecular Medicine
Emmanuelle Charpentier, G Gerbaud, C Jacquet, J. Rocourt, Patrice Courvalin,
... Antibiotic Resistance in Listeria Species Get access Emmanuelle Charpentier, Emmanuelle Charpentier Unité des Agents Antibactériens, Centre National de Référence ...
Tópico(s): Microbial Inactivation Methods
1995 - Oxford University Press | The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Eric S. Lander, Françoise Βaylis, Feng Zhang, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Paul R. Berg, Catherine Bourgain, Bärbel Friedrich, J. Keith Joung, Jinsong Li, David Liu, Luigi Naldini, Jing‐Bao Nie, Qiu Renzong, Bettina Schöne-Seifert, Feng Shao, Sharon F. Terry, Wensheng Wei, Ernst‐Ludwig Winnacker,
Eric Lander, Françoise Baylis, Feng Zhang, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Paul Berg and specialists from seven countries call for an international governance framework. Eric Lander, Françoise Baylis, Feng Zhang, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Paul Berg and specialists from seven countries call for an international governance framework.
Tópico(s): Innovation and Socioeconomic Development
2019 - Nature Portfolio | Nature
... of the University of California, University of Vienna, Emmanuelle Charpentier: EP2800811 (2017).Google Scholar7 The Regents of the University of California, University of Vienna, Emmanuelle Charpentier: EP3241902 (2018).Google Scholar8 Liu XS, Wu H, ...
Tópico(s): Innovation and Socioeconomic Development
2018 - Future Science Ltd | Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst
... en 2008, Esther Duflo (franco-américaine) en 2019, Emmanuelle Charpentier est la cinquième française à décrocher un Prix ... Nobel scientifique est décerné conjointement à deux femmes. Emmanuelle Charpentier (née le 11 décembre 1968 à Juvisy-sur- ...
Tópico(s): RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
2021 - EDP Sciences | médecine/sciences
Marc Auburtin, Michel Wolff, Julien Charpentier, Emmanuelle Varon, Yves Le Tulzo, Christophe Girault, Ismaël Mohammedi, B. Renard, Bruno Mourvillier, Fabrice Bruneel, Jean-Damien Ricard, Jean‐François Timsit,
To identify factors associated with mortality and morbidity among adults admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) for pneumococcal meningitis, particularly the impact of delayed antibiotic administration.We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study of 156 consecutive adults hospitalized for pneumococcal meningitis. We analyzed parameters associated with 3-month survival.Fifty-six medical and medical-surgical ICUs in France.None.Of the 148 strains isolated, 56 (38%) were nonsusceptible ...
Tópico(s): Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
2006 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Critical Care Medicine
Jakob Fuhrmann, Andreas Schmidt, Silvia Spiess, Anita Lehner, Kürşad Turgay, Karl Mechtler, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Tim Clausen,
All living organisms face a variety of environmental stresses that cause the misfolding and aggregation of proteins. To eliminate damaged proteins, cells developed highly efficient stress response and protein quality control systems. We performed a biochemical and structural analysis of the bacterial CtsR/McsB stress response. The crystal structure of the CtsR repressor, in complex with DNA, pinpointed key residues important for high-affinity binding to the promoter regions of heat-shock genes. ...
Tópico(s): Protein Structure and Dynamics
2009 - American Association for the Advancement of Science | Science
Pascale Romby, Emmanuelle Charpentier,
During the last decade, RNA molecules with regulatory functions on gene expression have benefited from a renewed interest. In bacteria, recent high throughput computational and experimental approaches have led to the discovery that 10–20% of all genes code for RNAs with critical regulatory roles in metabolic, physiological and pathogenic processes. The trans-acting RNAs comprise the noncoding RNAs, RNAs with a short open reading frame and antisense RNAs. Many of these RNAs act through binding to ...
Tópico(s): Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
2009 - Springer Nature | Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Franz‐Josef Schmitz, Andreas Beyer, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Birgitta Henriques Normark, Marc Schade, Ad C. Fluit, D. Häfner, Rodger Novak,
We determined the toxin-gene profiles of 239 endemic, invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates that circulated, within a 5-year period, in European university hospitals. Profiling was performed by use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction that screened for 9 streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (speA, speB, speC, speF, speG, speH, speJ, ssa, and smeZ). Analysis revealed that invasive GAS isolates do not share a common toxin-gene profile. Although all emm types were characterized by several different ...
Tópico(s): Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
2003 - Oxford University Press | The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Emmanuelle Charpentier, G Gerbaud, Patrice Courvalin,
Two hundred thirty-eight tetracycline- and minocycline-resistant clinical isolates of Enterococcus and Streptococcus spp. were investigated by dot blot hybridization for the presence of nucleotide sequences related to tet(S) (first detected in Listeria monocytogenes BM4210), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tet(P), and tet(Q) genes. The tet(S) determinant was found in 22 strains of Enterococcus faecalis, associated with tet(M) in 9 of these isolates and further associated with tet(L) in 3 of these ...
Tópico(s): Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
1994 - American Society for Microbiology | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
María Siller, Rajendra Prasad Janapatla, Zaid Ahmed Pirzada, Christine Hassler, Daniela Zinkl, Emmanuelle Charpentier,
Abstract Background The luxS /AI-2 signaling pathway has been reported to interfere with important physiological and pathogenic functions in a variety of bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the functional role of the streptococcal luxS /AI-2 system in metabolism and diverse aspects of pathogenicity including the adaptation of the organism to stress conditions using two serotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes , M1 and M19. Results Exposing wild-type and isogenic luxS -deficient strains to sulfur- ...
Tópico(s): Neonatal and Maternal Infections
2008 - BioMed Central | BMC Microbiology
Ivo Vojtek, Zaid Ahmed Pirzada, Birgitta Henriques‐Normark, M. Mastny, Rajendra Prasad Janapatla, Emmanuelle Charpentier,
A group A Streptococcus (GAS) isolate, serotype M12, recovered from a patient with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome was analyzed for superantigen-carrying prophages, revealing phi149, which encodes superantigen SSA. Sequence analysis of the att-L proximal region of phi149 showed that the phage had a mosaic nature. Remarkably, we successfully obtained lysogenic conversion of GAS clinical isolates of various M serotypes (M1, M3, M5, M12, M19, M28, and M94), as well as of group C Streptococcus equisimilis ( ...
Tópico(s): Neonatal and Maternal Infections
2008 - Oxford University Press | The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Nina Gratz, María Siller, Barbara Schaljo, Zaid Ahmed Pirzada, Irene Gattermeier, Ivo Vojtek, Carsten J. Kirschning, Hermann Wagner, Shizuo Akira, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Pavel Kovarik,
Bacterial pathogens are recognized by the innate immune system through pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Engagement of TLRs triggers signaling cascades that launch innate immune responses. Activation of MAPKs and NF-κB, elements of the major signaling pathways induced by TLRs, depends in most cases on the adaptor molecule MyD88. In addition, Gram-negative or intracellular bacteria elicit MyD88-independent signaling that results in production of type I interferon (IFN). ...
Tópico(s): Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
2008 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Adam Schikora, Alessandro Carreri, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Heribert Hirt,
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium contaminated vegetables and fruits are considerable sources of human infections. Bacteria present in raw plant-derived nutrients cause salmonellosis, the world wide most spread food poisoning. This facultative endopathogen enters and replicates in host cells and actively suppresses host immune responses. Although Salmonella survives on plants, the underlying bacterial infection mechanisms are only poorly understood. In this report we investigated the possibility ...
Tópico(s): Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
2008 - Public Library of Science | PLoS ONE
Elitza Deltcheva, Krzysztof Chylinski, Cynthia M. Sharma, Karine Gonzales, Yanjie Chao, Zaid Ahmed Pirzada, Mária Eckert, Jörg Vogel, Emmanuelle Charpentier,
CRISPR/Cas systems constitute a widespread class of immunity systems that protect bacteria and archaea against phages and plasmids, and commonly use repeat/spacer-derived short crRNAs to silence foreign nucleic acids in a sequence-specific manner. Although the maturation of crRNAs represents a key event in CRISPR activation, the responsible endoribonucleases (CasE, Cas6, Csy4) are missing in many CRISPR/Cas subtypes. Here, differential RNA sequencing of the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes uncovered ...
Tópico(s): Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
2011 - Nature Portfolio | Nature
Kira S. Makarova, Daniel H. Haft, Rodolphe Barrangou, Stan J. J. Brouns, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Philippe Horvath, Sylvain Moineau, Francisco J. M. Mojica, Yuri I. Wolf, Alexander F. Yakunin, John van der Oost, Eugene V. Koonin,
The CRISPR–Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated proteins) systems are immunity systems that are present in many bacteria and archaea. Here, Koonin and colleagues present a new classification of these systems and introduce a new nomenclature of the genes in the CRISPR–casloci that better reflects the relationships between the proteins. The CRISPR–Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated proteins) modules are adaptive ...
Tópico(s): Innovation and Socioeconomic Development
2011 - Nature Portfolio | Nature Reviews Microbiology
Hassan El Btaouri, Hamid Morjani, Yannick Greffe, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Laurent Martiny,
Our previous studies have shown that camptothecin and doxorubicin triggered ceramide accumulation via de novo synthesis pathway. De novo ceramide generation was responsible for the drug-induced apoptosis through a caspase-3-dependent pathway and a decrease of thrombospondin-1 expression in human thyroid carcinoma FTC-133 cells. Here, we demonstrate that Jun N-terminal kinases play a critical role in camptothecin- and doxorubicin-induced down-regulation of thrombospondin-1 expression: i) de novo ...
Tópico(s): Marine Sponges and Natural Products
2011 - Elsevier BV | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
Martin Jínek, Krzysztof Chylinski, Ines Fonfara, M. Hauer, Jennifer A. Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier,
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids by using CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) to guide the silencing of invading nucleic acids. We show here that in a subset of these systems, the mature crRNA that is base-paired to trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) forms a two-RNA structure that directs the CRISPR-associated protein Cas9 to introduce double-stranded (ds) breaks in target ...
Tópico(s): Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
2012 - American Association for the Advancement of Science | Science
Anaïs Le Rhun, Emmanuelle Charpentier,
The group of streptococci includes species responsible for severe diseases in humans. To adapt to their environment and infect their hosts, streptococci depend on precise regulation of gene expression. The last decade has witnessed increasing findings of small RNAs (sRNAs) having regulatory functions in bacteria. More recently, genome-wide screens revealed that streptococcal genomes also encode multiple sRNAs. Some sRNAs including the class of CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) play critical roles in streptococcal ...
Tópico(s): Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
2012 - Taylor & Francis | RNA Biology
Peter C. Fineran, Emmanuelle Charpentier,
Multiple organisms face the threat of viral infections. To combat phage invasion, bacteria and archaea have evolved an adaptive mechanism of protection against exogenic mobile genetic elements, called CRISPR-Cas. In this defense strategy, phage infection is memorized via acquisition of a short invader sequence, called a spacer, into the CRISPR locus of the host genome. Upon repeated infection, the 'vaccinated' host expresses the spacer as a precursor RNA, which is processed into a mature CRISPR RNA ( ...
Tópico(s): Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
2012 - Elsevier BV | Virology
Emmanuelle Charpentier, G Gerbaud, Patrice Courvalin,
The nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline (Tc)-minocycline (Mc)-resistance determinant of plasmid pIP811 from Listeria monocytogenes BM4210 has been determined. The gene, designated tet(S), was identified by analysis of the start and stop codons as a coding sequence of 1923 bp, corresponding to a protein with a calculated M(r) of 72,912. The apparent 68-kDa size estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the protein characterized in a cell-free coupled transcription- ...
Tópico(s): Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
1993 - Elsevier BV | Gene
Monika Mangold, María Siller, Bernhard Roppenser, Bart J. M. Vlaminckx, Tom A. Penfound, Reinhard Klein, Rodger Novak, Richard P. Novick, Emmanuelle Charpentier,
Summary The capacity of pathogens to cause disease depends strictly on the regulated expression of their virulence factors. In this study, we demonstrate that the untranslated mRNA of the recently described streptococcal p leiotropic e ffect l ocus ( pel ), which incidentally contains sagA , the structural gene for streptolysin S, is an effector of virulence factor expression in group A beta‐haemolytic streptococci (GAS). Our data suggest that the regulation by pel RNA occurs at both transcriptional (e.g. ...
Tópico(s): Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
2004 - Wiley | Molecular Microbiology
Emmanuelle Charpentier, Ana Isabel Antón, Peter A. Barry, Berenice Alfonso, Yuan Fang, Richard P. Novick,
ABSTRACT Our understanding of staphylococcal pathogenesis depends on reliable genetic tools for gene expression analysis and tracing of bacteria. Here, we have developed and evaluated a series of novel versatile Escherichia coli -staphylococcal shuttle vectors based on PCR-generated interchangeable cassettes. Advantages of our module system include the use of (i) staphylococcal low-copy-number, high-copy-number, thermosensitive and theta replicons and selectable markers (choice of erythromycin, tetracycline, ...
Tópico(s): Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
2004 - American Society for Microbiology | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Emmanuelle Charpentier, Robert M. Lavker, Elizabeth Acquista, Pamela Cowin,
Plakoglobin regulates cell adhesion by providing a modulatable connection between both classical and desmosomal cadherins and their respective cytoskeletal linker proteins. Both plakoglobin and the related protein β-catenin are posttranscriptionally upregulated in response to Wnt-1 in cultured cells. Upregulation of β-catenin has been implicated in potentiating hyperproliferation and tumor formation. To investigate the role of plakoglobin in these functions we expressed a full-length (PG) and an ...
Tópico(s): Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
2000 - Rockefeller University Press | The Journal of Cell Biology
Emmanuelle Charpentier, Rodger Novak, Elaine Tuomanen,
The ClpC ATPase is a subfamily of HSP100/Clp molecular chaperones–regulators of proteolysis. By screening a library of loss of function mutants for the ability to survive treatment with penicillin, we identified the gene clpC . The corresponding protein was identified as a ClpC ATPase, sharing strong peptide sequence identity with ClpC of Bacillus subtilis , Listeria monocytogenes and Lactococcus lactis . Northern blot experiments showed that expression of clpC was induced in response to high temperature ( ...
Tópico(s): Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
2000 - Wiley | Molecular Microbiology
Emmanuelle Charpentier, Elaine Tuomanen,
Tópico(s): Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
2000 - Elsevier BV | Microbes and Infection
Rodger Novak, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Johann Braun, Elaine Tuomanen,
The binding of bactericidal antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, and glycopeptides to their bacterial targets stops bacterial growth but does not directly cause cell death. A second process arising from the bacteria itself is necessary to trigger endogenous suicidal enzymes that dissolve the cell wall during autolysis. The signal and the trigger pathway for this event are completely unknown. Using S. pneumoniae as a model, we demonstrate that signal transduction via the two-component system ...
Tópico(s): Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
2000 - Elsevier BV | Molecular Cell
Rodger Novak, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Johann Braun, Eun Park, Surekha Murti, Elaine Tuomanen, Robert Masure,
A genetic‐based search for surface proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae involved in adhesion identified a putative zinc metalloprotease (ZmpB). ZmpB shared high amino acid sequence similarities with IgA1 proteases of Gram‐positive bacteria, but ZmpB had neither IgA1 nor IgA2 protease activity. Analysis of a family of surface‐expressed proteins, the choline‐binding proteins (Cbp’s), in a zmpB ‐deficient mutant demonstrated a global loss of surface expression of CbpA, CbpE, CbpF and CbpJ. CbpA was detected ...
Tópico(s): Biochemical and Structural Characterization
2000 - Wiley | Molecular Microbiology
Emmanuelle Charpentier, Luciano A. Marraffini,
CRISPR-Cas encodes an adaptive immune system that defends prokaryotes against infectious viruses and plasmids. Immunity is mediated by Cas nucleases, which use small RNA guides (the crRNAs) to specify a cleavage site within the genome of invading nucleic acids. In type II CRISPR-Cas systems, the DNA-cleaving activity is performed by a single enzyme Cas9 guided by an RNA duplex. Using synthetic single RNA guides, Cas9 can be reprogrammed to create specific double-stranded DNA breaks in the genomes ...
Tópico(s): RNA regulation and disease
2014 - Elsevier BV | Current Opinion in Microbiology
Krzysztof Chylinski, Kira S. Makarova, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Eugene V. Koonin,
The CRISPR-Cas systems of archaeal and bacterial adaptive immunity are classified into three types that differ by the repertoires of CRISPR-associated (cas) genes, the organization of cas operons and the structure of repeats in the CRISPR arrays. The simplest among the CRISPR-Cas systems is type II in which the endonuclease activities required for the interference with foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are concentrated in a single multidomain protein, Cas9, and are guided by a co-processed dual- ...
Tópico(s): RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
2014 - Oxford University Press | Nucleic Acids Research