James Landale, Giles Tremlett, Raymond Snoddy Media Editor, Pamela Couper, Richard Morrison, Arts Editor, Helen Johnstone, D. G. McGill, Alasdair Murray, Economics Correspondent, and Oliver August, Robert Cole, Fred Redwood, Julian Muscat, Tennis Correspondent, Adrian Lee, Morris of Castle Morris, Sarah Potter, Charles Lewington, Paul Hoggart, Mark Souster, Richard Hobson, Gavin Lumsden, Philip Howard, Hilary Finch, Don Carios, J. N. Lack, Jeremy Kingston, Joanna Bale, James Bone, Rachel Campbell-Johnston, Lucy Hawking, Alasdair Murray, Anne Ashworth and Clare Stewart, Oliver Holt Football Correspondent, Michael Evans, Defence Editor, Jeremy Whittle, Tom Walker, Christine Buckley Industrial Correspondent, Raymond Snoddy, Gerald Davies, Robert Sheehan, Bridge Correspondent, Joe Joseph, Roland Watson Political Correspondent, Ruth Gledhill, Religion Correspondent, Julian Lewis, Christopher Thomas and Michael Theodoulou, Stewart Tendler Crime Correspondent, John Hopkins, Golf Correspondent, Dominic Walsh, Ruth Gledhill, Matthew Barbour, Raymond Keene Chess Correspondent, John Street, Michael Nicholson, Richard Evans, Racing Correspondent, Dalya Alberge Arts Correspondent, Jon Wynne-Tyson, John Ward, Robin Young, Mark Inglefield, Brian Wilson, Jill Sherman Chief Political Correspondent, Chris Ruff, Rodney Milnes, Jenny MacArthur, Michael Clark, Andy Sibson, Philharmonia/Gardiner, John O'Leary, Marianne Curphey, Insurance Correspondent, Audrey Magee, David Hands, Martin Fletcher Chief Ireland Correspondent, Chris Barton, Deborah Collcutt, Victoria Fletcher, George Caulkin and Russell Kempson, Luke Clancy, Jasper Gerard, Valerie Elliott Whitehall Editor, Russell Kempson, Nigel Williamson, Simon Midgley, Meg Carter, Paul Durman, Chris Buckland, Manus Costello, Julia Neuberger, Chief Executive, Andy Lavender, Richard Brown, John Barnes, Alison Roberts, Arnaido Cohen, Maggie Brown's, Arthur Leathley Aviation Correspondent, Raymond Keene, Edward Martin, Christine Buckley, Tony Whelpton, Lewis Smith, Frances Gibb, Legal Correspondent, Stefano Hatfield, Francis Gilbert, Bronwen Maddox, Alan Pearey, Richard Owen, Damian Whitworth, Sidney Friskin, Erica Wagner, Roger Boyes, Sarah Cunningham, SparKlehorse, Oliver August, Ian Murray Medical Correspondent, Philip Webster, Political Editor, David J. Prescott, Hettie Judah, Dalya Alberge, Oliver Holt, Football Correspondent, A. E. C. W. Spencer, Michael Evans, Charles Bremner, and Philip Webster, Valerie Elliott, Whitehall Editor, Richard Duce, John Allison, Christopher Thomas, Giles Whittell, Nick Nuttall, Technology Correspondent, Christopher Walker, Chris Parker, Simon De Bruxelles, Brian MacArthur, Matthew Parris, Graham Lacey, George Caulkin, Michael Hornsby, John Shaw, Edward du Cann, Adam Wright, Caitlin Moran, Walter Gammie, Peter Riddell, Ben MacIntyre, Philip Webster, David Sinclair, Simon Jenkins, Mark Henderson, Martin Waller, Michael Horsnell, Gillian Harris, G. A. Hindes (teacher), Chris Ayres, Carl Mortished International Business Editor, Tim Southwell, Martin Lee, Frances Gibb Legal Correspondent, Richard Morrison, James Christopher, Valerie Grove, Alasdair Murray, Mr Ripley, Patience Wheatcroft, Alasdair Murray, Economics Correspondent, Christopher Irvine,
... and chocolate milk at two in the morning Fastball Tomorrow Purely, doubly original New Jazz Albums Beating ...
1998 - Gale Group | TDA
Braden McKnight, Nathanael D. Heckmann, Xiao T. Chen, Kevork Hindoyan, J. Ryan Hill, Graham Goldbeck, Reza Omid, George F. Rick Hatch, Timothy P. Charlton,
... have investigated the effects of UCL reconstruction on fastball and curveball velocity, but no study to date has evaluated its effect on fastball accuracy or curveball movement among MLB pitchers.The ... to determine the effects of UCL reconstruction on fastball accuracy, fastball velocity, and curveball movement in MLB pitchers. Our ... underwent UCL reconstruction would return to their presurgery fastball velocity, fastball accuracy, and curveball movement. The secondary purpose of ... 2011 and 2012 were identified. Performance data including fastball velocity, fastball accuracy, and curveball movement were evaluated ...
Tópico(s): Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
2020 - SAGE Publishing | Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
Rafael F. Escamilla, Glenn S. Fleisig, Dave Groeschner, Ken Akizuki,
... pitching biomechanics in professional baseball pitchers among the fastball, slider, curveball, and changeup and between balls and ... and kinetics would be similar among the slider, fastball, and curveball; shoulder and elbow forces and torques ... to 40 maximum effort pitches—consisting of the fastball, curveball, slider, and changeup pitch types—from a ... torque was 8% to 9% greater in the fastball and slider compared with the changeup, shoulder horizontal ... torque was 9% to 14% greater in the fastball compared with the curveball and changeup, and elbow ...
Tópico(s): Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
2017 - SAGE Publishing | The American Journal of Sports Medicine
Carl W. Nissen, Melany Westwell, Sylvia Õunpuu, Mausam Patel, Matthew J. Solomito, Janet P. Tate,
... the moments at the shoulder and elbow between fastball and curveball pitches in adolescent baseball pitchers. Study ... After a warm-up, pitchers threw either a fastball or curveball, randomly assigned, from a portable pitching ... when throwing a curveball versus when throwing a fastball. As expected, speed for the 2 pitches differed: fastball, 65.8 ± 4.8 mph; and curveball, 57. ... 001). Maximal glenohumeral internal rotation moment for the fastball was significantly higher than for the curveball (59. ... Similarly, the maximum varus elbow moment for the fastball was significantly higher than for the curveball (59. ...
Tópico(s): Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics
2009 - SAGE Publishing | The American Journal of Sports Medicine
George Stothart, Laura Smith, Alexander Milton, Elizabeth Coulthard,
... level of education, are still needed. We present Fastball, a new EEG method for the passive and ... disease patients (n = 20 per group) completed the Fastball task, lasting just under 3 min. Participants passively ... images and provided no behavioural response. Following the Fastball task, participants completed a two-alternative forced choice ( ... their explicit behavioural recognition of previously seen stimuli. Fastball EEG detected significantly impaired recognition memory in Alzheimer' ... accuracy from healthy older adult controls using the Fastball measure of recognition memory (AUC = 0.86, P < ...
Tópico(s): Memory Processes and Influences
2021 - Oxford University Press | Brain
Eric C. Makhni, Vincent A. Lizzio, Fabien Meta, Jeffrey P. Stephens, Kelechi R. Okoroha, Vasilios Moutzouros,
... elbow and pitchers were instructed to throw 8 fastballs, 8 curveballs, and 8 change-ups in a ... device had a precision of 96.9% for fastballs, 96.9% for curveballs, and 97.9% for ... torque, arm speed, arm slot, and shoulder rotation. Fastballs caused the greatest relative torque across the medial ... shoulder rotation. Torque was significantly relatively higher in fastballs than curveballs and change-ups. Level of Evidence ... elbow and pitchers were instructed to throw 8 fastballs, 8 curveballs, and 8 change-ups in a ...
Tópico(s): Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
2017 - Elsevier BV | Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery
Glenn S. Fleisig, David Kingsley, Jeremy Loftice, Kenneth P. Dinnen, Rajiv Ranganathan, Shouchen Dun, Rafael F. Escamilla, James R. Andrews,
... whether breaking pitches are more stressful than are fastballs. Previous biomechanical studies compared kinematics but not kinetics. ... forces and torques are statistically different among the fastball, curveball, change-up, and slider.Descriptive laboratory study. ... high-speed automated digitizing system. All subjects threw fastballs (n = 21), most threw curveballs (n = 20) and ... Shoulder horizontal adduction torque was greater in the fastball than in the curveball and slider. Shoulder proximal ... pitches. Elbow varus torque was greater in the fastball and curveball than in the change-up. Elbow ...
Tópico(s): Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
2005 - SAGE Publishing | The American Journal of Sports Medicine
Rouwen Cañal‐Bruland, M. A. Filius, Raôul R. D. Oudejans,
... ups it is because they sit on a fastball. Sitting on a fastball refers to a strategy of baseball batters to always expect a fastball (a fast type of pitch), because expecting slower ... result in too late movement initiation for unexpected fastballs. Here the authors analyzed movement patterns of highly talented baseball batters facing randomly presented fastballs and change-ups (a slower type of pitch). ... were highly similar to those typically associated with fastballs. More specifically, the movement initiation pattern was not ...
Tópico(s): Action Observation and Synchronization
2014 - Taylor & Francis | Journal of Motor Behavior
A. Terry Bahill, William J. Karnavas,
The rising fastball and the breaking curveball are impossible according to principles of physics and physiology, yet many baseball players claim ... simulation and model presented suggest that the rising fastball and breaking curveball are perceptual illusions caused by ... to principles of physics and physiology, a rising fastball is impossible. Yet most batters claim it exists; ... can also be extended to cricket. The rising fastball could be defined as a pitch where the ... gravity. By Definitions (b) and (c), a rising fastball could be thrown by a sidearm baseball pitcher ...
Tópico(s): Music Technology and Sound Studies
1993 - American Psychological Association | Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance
Robert A. Keller, Nathan E. Marshall, John-Michael Guest, Kelechi R. Okoroha, Edward K. Jung, Vasilios Moutzouros,
... Pitching velocity and percent of pitch type thrown (fastball, curve ball, slider, and change-up) were evaluated ... differences in pre-UCL reconstruction pitch velocities for fastballs (91.5 vs. 91.2 miles per hour [ ... was evaluated, UCL reconstructed pitchers pitch significantly more fastballs than controls (46.7% vs. 39.4%, P = . ... for UCL injury for every 1% increase in fastballs thrown. Pitching more than 48% fastballs was a significant predictor of UCL injury, because ... MLB pitchers who pitch a high percentage of fastballs may be at increased risk for UCL injury ...
Tópico(s): Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
2016 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Lin-Hwa Wang, Li‐Chieh Kuo, Sheng-Wen Shih, Kuo-Cheng Lo, Fong‐Chin Su,
... and wrist joints while pitching breaking balls, including fastballs, curveballs and sliders, among pitchers with different skill ... the index and middle fingers were compared among fastballs, curveballs and sliders. Thirteen reflective markers were placed ... in the pitching acceleration phase was larger in fastballs (20.58 ± 4.07°) and sliders (22.48 ± ... in curveballs (38.5 ± 3.8°) than in fastballs (30.3 ± 4.8°) and sliders (30.2 ± ... in curveballs (15.4 ± 3.6°) than in fastballs (8.9 ± 1.2°) and sliders (6.9 ± ... in sliders (13.5 ± 15.0°) than in fastballs (7.2 ± 2.8°) (p = .007). Hand and ...
Tópico(s): Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
2013 - Elsevier BV | Human Movement Science
Shouchen Dun, David Kingsley, Glenn S. Fleisig, Jeremy Loftice, James R. Andrews,
... many baseball coaches and players that throwing the fastball from the stretch is more stressful to the shoulder and elbow than throwing the fastball from the wind-up. However, no research has ... pitchers (aged 22.1 +/- 2.8 years) pitched fastballs from both the wind-up and stretch positions ... pitching biomechanics between the wind-up and stretch fastball showed no statistical differences in joint kinetics, kinematics, ... velocity.The current results suggest that pitching the fastball from the stretch is not necessarily more stressful ...
Tópico(s): Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
2007 - SAGE Publishing | The American Journal of Sports Medicine
Matthew J. Solomito, Erin J. Garibay, Sylvia Õunpuu, Janet P. Tate, Carl W. Nissen,
There are a number of studies showing that fastball pitches place greater loads on the shoulder and ... on the shoulder and elbow compared with the fastball and change-up.Descriptive laboratory study.Thirty-six ... using motion analysis techniques. All subjects pitched a fastball and a change-up, 29 pitched a curveball, ... moments were found when pitchers were pitching the fastball (mean ± standard deviation: 80.8 ± 15.5 and ... significantly lower than the moments produced by the fastball (P < .0001). Results also indicate that the change- ...
Tópico(s): Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
2013 - SAGE Publishing | Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
Shouchen Dun, Jeremy Loftice, Glenn S. Fleisig, David Kingsley, James R. Andrews,
... of the baseball throw varies significantly between the fastball, curveball, and change-up for youth pitchers. Kinematic ... age, 12.5 ± 1.7 years) pitched 5 fastballs, 5 curveballs, and 5 change-ups with maximum ... elbow proximal force, and shoulder proximal force, the fastball produced the greatest values, followed by the curveball and then the change-up. The fastball also produced the greatest elbow flexion torque. Shoulder ... and shoulder loads were the greatest in the fastball and least in the change-up. Kinematic and ...
Tópico(s): Shoulder and Clavicle Injuries
2007 - SAGE Publishing | The American Journal of Sports Medicine
Brandon J. Erickson, Thomas R. Atlee, Peter N. Chalmers, Rocco Bassora, Christopher Inzerillo, Andrew W. Beharrie, Anthony A. Romeo,
... a training program utilizing lighter baseballs could increase fastball velocity without increasing the injury risk to participants. ... a training program with lighter baseballs would increase fastball velocity but not increase the injury risk.Case ... throughout the program with the pitcher throwing 5 fastballs using a standard 5-oz ball at maximum ... injury during the course of the training program. Fastball velocity increased by a mean of 4.8 ... of 44 players (98%) had an increase in fastball velocity over the course of the program.A ...
Tópico(s): Shoulder and Clavicle Injuries
2020 - SAGE Publishing | Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
Alek Z. Diffendaffer, Jonathan S. Slowik, Nicholas J. Lo, Monika Drogosz, Glenn S. Fleisig,
... laboratory study.Twenty collegiate baseball pitchers threw five fastballs and five curveballs from four different mound heights ( ... different mound heights (p<0.05) for the fastball and curveball pitches.There were no significant differences ... movement. There were seven significant kinematic differences for fastballs and eight kinematic differences for curveballs. Although these ... shoulder anterior force) varied with mound height for fastballs. In general, fastball kinetics were 1%-2% less from the lowered ( ...
Tópico(s): Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
2019 - Elsevier BV | Journal of science and medicine in sport
Megan Smidebush, Ethan Stewart, Robert Shapiro, Harish Chander, Adam C. Knight,
... patterns associated with the curveball pitch and the fastball pitch from the stretch position. Twelve skilled (NCAA ... isometric contraction (MVIC) testing and then performed the fastball & curveball pitching sequence. All EMG variables of interest ... differences in the mean muscle activity for the fastball and curveball pitched from the stretch were observed. ... of muscle activity was found for the stretch fastball when compared to the stretch curveball. This study ...
Tópico(s): Shoulder and Clavicle Injuries
2019 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biomechanics
Garrett S. Bullock, Abigail C. Schmitt, Patrick Chasse, Barrett A. Little, Lee H. Diehl, Robert J. Butler,
... was recorded for velocity and pitch type, only fastballs were used in analysis. The relationships between trunk rotation and fastball velocity, and YBT-UQ scores and fastball velocity were assessed using a series of 2- ... also no correlation between the YBT-UQ and fastball velocity. In this study of Division I baseball ... and trunk mobility are not directly related to fastball velocity. Understanding factors that associate to velocity may ...
Tópico(s): Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
2017 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Matthew J. Solomito, Erin J. Garibay, Carl W. Nissen,
... in forearm kinematics and kinetics when comparing the fastball pitch with the curveball pitch. There will be ... in forearm kinematics and kinetics when pitching a fastball compared with a curveball, as well as to ... significant differences in forearm position when pitching a fastball compared with a curveball, with the curveball producing ... increase in elbow varus moment for both the fastball and the curveball ( P = .002 and P < .001, ... increase in the elbow varus moment for the fastball and curveball, respectively.The results demonstrated that the ...
Tópico(s): Shoulder and Clavicle Injuries
2017 - SAGE Publishing | The American Journal of Sports Medicine
John Prodromo, Nimit Patel, Neil S. Kumar, Kevin Denehy, Loni Philip Tabb, James A. Tom,
... required UCLR have thrown a greater percentage of fastballs and have greater pitch velocities compared with age- ... went on to UCLR appear to have greater fastball, slider, curveball, changeup, and split-fingered fastball velocities; there were no significant differences in pitch ... surgery, MLB pitchers who underwent UCLR demonstrated greater fastball, slider, curveball, changeup, and split-fingered fastball velocities, with no significant difference in pitch type.
Tópico(s): Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
2016 - SAGE Publishing | Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
Drew A. Lansdown, Brian T. Feeley,
... belief of increased throwing velocity following UCL reconstruction.Fastball velocity for Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers is ... relative to his baseline velocity and performance.Mean fastball velocity was significantly decreased following UCL reconstruction, with ... was in pitchers older than 35 years, with fastball velocity decreasing from 91.7 to 88.8 mph (P = .0048). Pitchers threw fewer fastballs after reconstruction. Pitch velocity for curveballs, changeups, and ... to their preinjury state.Contrary to popular opinion, fastball velocity for MLB pitchers is significantly decreased following ...
Tópico(s): Shoulder Injury and Treatment
2014 - SAGE Publishing | Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
... PEDs on pitchers more generally. We gathered average fastball velocity from Fangraphs.com for all MLB pitchers ... hormone (HGH) usage was tracked separately. We modeled fastball velocity by PED and HGH usage, age, a ... several control variables. Using PEDs significantly increased average fastball velocity by 1.074 MPH overall. When PED ... starters. HGH use was significantly negatively correlated with fastball velocity. This suggests disproportional HGH use by injured ...
Tópico(s): Doping in Sports
2010 - De Gruyter | Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports
J. Filiberto, Rajdeep Dasgupta, W. S. Kiefer, A. H. Treiman,
... equilibria experiments have been conducted on a synthetic Fastball basalt composition, as analyzed at Home Plate plateau ... on the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary of Mars. The Fastball basalt is multiply saturated with olivine and orthopyroxene ... Based on melting models, we predict that the Fastball composition could be produced by 13–23% equilibrium ... 105 km thick lithosphere. The multiple saturation for Fastball also constrains the potential temperature of the Martian ...
Tópico(s): High-pressure geophysics and materials
2010 - American Geophysical Union | Geophysical Research Letters
David W. Keeley, Jason Wicke, Ken Alford, Gretchen D. Oliver,
... ball movement measured for 2 variations of the fastball pitch. Ten healthy collegiate baseball pitchers participated in ... the participants as they threw 10 maximal effort fastball pitches. Marker positions were digitized in each video ... observed to be greater for the 2-seam fastball than for the 4-seam fastball. Regardless of pitch type, positive relationships were observed ...
Tópico(s): Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics
2010 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
A. Eugene Coleman, Michael J. Axe, James R. Andrews,
... profile must include a strength or power component (fastball velocity), an accuracy component (fastball-for-strike percentage), and an endurance component (the decrease in fastball velocity per inning). The simulated game requires a ... 2% or 1.5 mph decrease in the fastball velocity from the first through the sixth innings with a fastball-for-strike percentage of 64%. While this is ...
Tópico(s): Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
1987 - American Physical Therapy Association | Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
Kristen F. Nicholson, Gary S. Collins, Brian R. Waterman, Garrett S. Bullock,
... important factors for success among baseball pitchers is fastball velocity. The purpose of this study was to ( ... to develop statistical and machine learning models of fastball velocity, (2) to identify the strongest predictors of fastball velocity, and (3) to compare the models' prediction ...
Tópico(s): Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics
2022 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biomechanics
Kristen F. Nicholson, Tessa Hulburt, Edward C. Beck, Brian R. Waterman, Garrett S. Bullock,
... analyzed; variables extracted from the pitching reports included fastball pitch velocity, shoulder distraction force, and elbow valgus ... regression was performed to analyze the relationship between fastball velocity and shoulder and elbow kinetics. Subgroup analyses ... analyzed; variables extracted from the pitching reports included fastball pitch velocity, shoulder distraction force, and elbow valgus ... regression was performed to analyze the relationship between fastball velocity and shoulder and elbow kinetics. Subgroup analyses ...
Tópico(s): Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
2020 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
Nathan E. Marshall, Toufic R. Jildeh, Kelechi R. Okoroha, Ankur Patel, Vasilios Moutzouros, Eric C. Makhni,
... their career. There was a decrease in mean fastball velocity (92.2 vs 91.6 mph, P<.001) and percentage of fastballs thrown (60.3% vs 58.5%, P<.001) ... Pitchers were found to have a decrease in fastball velocity and percentage of fastballs thrown during the year of injury. [Orthopedics. 2018; ...
Tópico(s): Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
2018 - Slack Incorporated (United States) | Orthopedics
Kelechi R. Okoroha, Vincent A. Lizzio, Fabien Meta, Christopher S. Ahmad, Vasilios Moutzouros, Eric C. Makhni,
... in elbow torque produced according to pitch type (fastball, curveball, changeup) and pitcher demographics.Descriptive laboratory study. ... and adolescent pitchers were instructed to throw 8 fastballs, 8 curveballs, and 8 changeups in a standardized ... years) were included in the study. On average, fastballs caused the greatest torque across the medial elbow ( ... study found that among youth and adolescent pitchers, fastballs generate the highest elbow torque while curveballs generated ...
Tópico(s): Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
2018 - SAGE Publishing | The American Journal of Sports Medicine
Eric E. Peterson, Patrick Handwork, Lonnie Soloff, Mark S. Schickendantz, Salvatore J. Frangiamore,
... pitchers. We hypothesized that pitchers will throw fewer fastballs and a greater percentage of off-speed pitches ... number of pitches thrown and the percentage of fastballs, curveballs, changeups, and sliders. Repeated-measures analysis of ... 01) as well as in the percentage of fastballs thrown before and after surgery (P = .02). There ... a statistically significant decline in the percentage of fastballs thrown postoperatively as compared with before injury, with ...
Tópico(s): Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
2018 - SAGE Publishing | Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine