Limpar
857 resultados

Acesso aberto

Tipo do recurso

Ano de criação

Produção nacional

Revisado por pares

Áreas

Idioma

Editores

Jornais Acesso aberto

Leonie Kramer, Frances Gibb, Legal Affairs Correspondent, Boris Johnson and Tim Perry, Catherine Bennett, Christopher Warman, Property Correspondent, Patricia Davies, Geoffrey Pullen (consultant psychiatrist), Vijitha Yapa, Nikolas Soskin, Ruth Daniel, Ronald Faux, Cliff Feltham, Clifford Webb, Jo Hawkes, Michael Seely, Racing Correspondent, Richard Long, Sally Brompton, Ian Murray, Michael Binyon, Clifford Longley Religious Affairs Editor, Jeremy Kingston, Sarah Jane Ckheckland, Carol Leonard, A. Caceres, Fernando Soares, Colin Narbrough, S. P., Jack Crosby, S. Espinoza, Martin Fletcher, Geoff Sizer, Henry Gee, Graham Hills, Principal and Vice-Chancellor, Peter Davenport, Peter Ball, A. Seagrim, Jill Sherman, Social Services Correspondent, Andrew Moger, Louise Taylor, Lawrence Lever, Peter Waymark, Ray Kennedy, Martin Cropper, Paddy Ashdown, Jenny MacArthur, Martin Fletcher, Political Reporter, Shona Crawford Poole, Travel Editor, Ross Shimmon (Director), Peter Nott, Tony Winlaw, Barry Fantoni, C. Gastal, Richard Thomson, Banking Correspondent, Rex Bellamy, Tennis Correspondent, John Hennessy, Steven Downes, Neil Kelly, Francis Steiner, Sydney Friskin, David Smith, Economics Correspondent, Dennis Signy, Robin Oakley Political Editor, Mitchell Platts Golf Correspondent, Philip Webster, Chief Political Correspondent, (Michael Phillips), Robin Oakley, Political Editor, Peter Davalle, Clovis Recife, Barbara Amiel, Peter Dear and Jane Rackham, Craig Brown, Paul Griffiths, Steve Acteson, Peter Bryan, Phil McLennan, Peter W. Birts, Robert Lincoln, David Sapsted, and Howard Foster, Richard Evans Media Editor, Barry Pickthall, J. C. P. Bramall, Maxwell Newton, A. V. Andersen, George Chesterton Schools cricket, Andrew McEwen and Christopher Thomas, Derek Harris, Industrial Editor, Keith MacKlin, Charles Knevitt, Architecture Correspondent, Rodney Hobson, Andrew Morgan and Thomson Prentice, David Brewerton, Christopher Thomas, John Goodbody, Bob Jones, Elliot L. Sorge, Carol Ferguson, George Hill, Srikumar Sen Boxing Correspondent, Graham Searjeant Financial Editor, Douglas Broom Education Reporter, Malcolm McKeag, Sarah Jane Checkland Art Market Correspondent, Michael Hornsby, Alan Lee, Donald Thompson, Parliamentary Secretary, Barry Riverina, Michael Clark and Geoffrey Foster, Alan Lee Cricket Correspondent, David Sinclair, Stephen Pettitt, Martin Waller, Michael Horsnell, Frances Gibb Legal Affairs Correspondent, Philip Howard, Literary Editor, Pat Butcher Athletics Correspondent, Jack Bailey, Frances Gibb, Richard Ford, Political Correspondent, David Hands, Rugby Correspondent, Colin McQuillan, Robert Kilroy-Silk, Russell,

Campaign to fill inner-city job vacancies Mobile centres to take work to the people Portfolio plus New Accumulator SAS men may go to Gibraltar Share inquiry ...

1988 - Gale Group | TDA

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Diego Mezzano, Francisco España, Olga Panes, Pilar Medina, E País, Guillermo Marshall, Rodrigo Tagle, Patricio Downey, Soledad Caceres, Fernando González, Teresa Quiroga, Jaime Pereira,

Chronic renal failure (CRF) courses with both systemic inflammatory reaction and haemostatic activation. We explored the relationship of these processes with plasma levels of free, activated protein C (APC) and complexes of APC with its inhibitors in patients with CRF under conservative treatment. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines [tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 8], acute‐phase proteins (C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen, α 1 ‐anti‐trypsin and von Willebrand factor), and ...

Tópico(s): Acute Kidney Injury Research

2001 - Wiley | British Journal of Haematology

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Federico M. Barabas, Luciano A. Masullo, Martín D. Bordenave, Sebastián A. Giusti, Nicolás Unsain, Damián Refojo, Alfredo Cáceres, Fernando D. Stefani,

Fluorescence nanoscopy imaging permits the observation of periodic supramolecular protein structures in their natural environment, as well as the unveiling of previously unknown protein periodic structures. Deciphering the biological functions of such protein nanostructures requires systematic and quantitative analysis of large number of images under different experimental conditions and specific stimuli. Here we present a method and an open source software for the automated quantification of protein ...

Tópico(s): Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications

2017 - Nature Portfolio | Scientific Reports

Artigo Brasil Produção Nacional Revisado por pares

Henry Martínez, María F. Cáceres, Fernando Martı́nez, Edgar A. Páez‐Mozo, Sabine Valange, Nelson J. Castellanos, Daniel Molina, Joël Barrault, Henri Arzoumanian,

The photo-assisted oxygen transfer to cyclohexene, cyclooctene and 1-octene was investigated using molecular O2 as a primary oxidant with a dichloro-dioxo-(4,4′-dicarboxylato-2,2′-bipyridine) molybdenum(VI) complex grafted on the surface of mesoporous TiO2 supports exhibiting different textural properties. Such mesoporous titania samples were prepared following a hydrothermal treatment (HT) and through an original procedure under supercritical CO2 (SC) conditions. Non porous TiO2 Degussa P-25 was ...

Tópico(s): Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions

2016 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Carlos Cáceres, Fernando González Taboada, Juan Höfer, Ricardo Anadón,

Dilution experiments were performed to estimate phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates during two Lagrangian surveys in inner and eastern locations of the Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre province (NAST-E). Our design included two phytoplankton size fractions (0.2–5 µm and >5 µm) and five depths, allowing us to characterize differences in growth and grazing rates between size fractions and depths, as well as to estimate vertically integrated measurements. Phytoplankton growth ...

Tópico(s): Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies

2013 - Public Library of Science | PLoS ONE

Artigo Acesso aberto Brasil Produção Nacional Revisado por pares

Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues Oliveira‐Santos, Maurício Eduardo Graipel, Marcos Adriano Tortato, Carlos André Zucco, Nilton C. Cáceres, Fernando Vilas Boas Goulart,

We investigated the density and activity of the oncilla, Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775), a threatened small cat, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, using camera-trap data. We described differences in the activity of individuals occurring alone or in sympatry with larger cats. Oncilla presented low densities (7-13 ind./100 km²) and high flexibility in its activity. The oncillas were primarily nocturnal in the absence of other larger cat species - margay, ocelot and puma - but became more diurnal, with ...

Tópico(s): Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies

2012 - Pensoft Publishers | Zoologia (Curitiba)

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Vicente Bayard, Paul Kitsutani, Eduardo O. Barria, Luis A. Ruedas, David S. Tinnin, Carlos Muñoz, Itza Barahona de Mosca, Gladys Guerrero, Rudick Kant, Arsenio García, Lorenzo Cáceres, Fernando G. Gracia, Evelia Quiroz, Zoila de Castillo, Blas Armién, Marlo Libel, James N. Mills, Ali S. Khan, Stuart T. Nichol, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, C. J. Peters,

An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in the province of Los Santos, Panama, in late 1999 and early 2000. Eleven cases were identified; 9 were confirmed by serology. Three cases were fatal; however, no confirmed case-patient died. Case-neighborhood serologic surveys resulted in an overall hantavirus antibody prevalence of 13% among household and neighborhood members from the outbreak foci. Epidemiologic investigations did not suggest person-to-person transmission of hantavirus infection. ...

Tópico(s): Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research

2004 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Emerging infectious diseases

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

María Belén Jaimes, Diana Carolina Cáceres, Fernando de la Hoz, Camilo Gutiérrez, Diana María Sepúlveda Herrera, Jairo Pinilla, Alexandra Porras, Fabio Rodríguez, Martha Velandia-González,

Severity of acute respiratory infection is higher in developing countries, especially among the socioeconomically underprivileged. Viral pneumonias are more common, especially among children. A prospective hospital-based case control study was undertaken in Bogota between November 2000 and August 2001, aimed to identify factors related to severe low acute respiratory infection (SLARI). Cases were limited to children aged between 2 months and 5 years who filled WHO criteria for SLARI. Controls were ...

Tópico(s): Child and Adolescent Health

2003 - National Institute of Health | Biomédica

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Noora Almusalam, Jiwon Oh, María Terzaghi, Jorge Mauriño, Fabien Bakdache, Alonso Montoya, Fernando Cáceres, Gustavo Saposnik,

There is growing interest in understanding and addressing factors that govern the decision-making process in multiple sclerosis (MS) care. Therapeutic inertia (TI) is the failure to escalate therapy when goals are unmet. Limited data are available on the prevalence of TI and factors affecting therapeutic decisions in the management of patients with MS worldwide.To compare TI across 4 countries (Canada, Argentina, Chile, and Spain) and to identify factors contributing to TI.Prospective cohort study ...

Tópico(s): Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life

2019 - American Medical Association | JAMA Network Open

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Pey-Shey Wu, Min‐Fu Hsieh, Wei Cai, J.H. Li M.X. Liu, Yun-Ting Huang, Jose Fernando Caceres, Shyy Woei Chang,

Geometric complexities and multi-physical phenomena add difficulties for predicting the thermal field and hence thermal management of an electric motor. A numerical design model that combined electromagnetic and thermal-fluid analysis was proposed for disclosing the detailed temperature distributions of each component in an electric motor. The thermal fluid analysis implemented ANSYS-Fluent code to unravel the thermal field of the interior permanent magnet synchronous electric motor fitted with ...

Tópico(s): Magnetic Properties and Applications

2019 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Inventions

Revisão Revisado por pares

Edgardo Cristiano, Ricardo Alonso, Amelia Alvez Pinheiro, Elizabeth Alejandra Bacile Bacile, María Eugenia Balbuena, Carlos Ballario, Andrés Barboza, Santiago Bestoso, Marcos Burgos, Fernando Cáceres, Edgar Carnero Contentti, Adriana Carrá, E Crespo, María Celeste Curbelo, Normah Deri, J R Muñóz y Fernández, Nora Fernández Liguori, Marcela Fiol, María I. Gaitán, Orlando Garcea, Diego Giunta, Mario Javier Halfón, Javier Hryb, Miguel Jacobo, Eduardo Köhler, Ramiro Linares, Geraldine Luetic, Alejandra Martínez, Jimena Míguez, Pedro Nofal, Liliana Patrucco, Raúl Piedrabuena, Juan Ignacio Rojas, Roberto Rotta Escalante, Maria Luisa Saladino, Berenice Silva, Vladimiro Sinay, Judith Steinberg, Adriana Tarulla, Santiago A. Vétere, Andrés Villa, Cárlos Vrech, María Célica Ysrraelit, Jorge Correale,

One of the biggest challenges in multiple sclerosis (MS) is the definition of treatment response/failure in order to optimize treatment decisions in affected patients. The objective of this consensus was to review how disease activity should be assessed and to propose recommendations on the identification of treatment failure in RRMS patients in Argentina.A panel of experts in neurology from Argentina, dedicated to the diagnosis and care of MS patients, gathered both virtually and in person during ...

Tópico(s): Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research

2018 - Elsevier BV | Journal of the Neurological Sciences

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Gustavo Saposnik, Xavier Montalbán, Daniel Selchen, María Terzaghi, Fabien Bakdache, Alonso Montoya, M Fruns, Fernando Cáceres, Jiwon Oh,

Introduction: According to previous studies, therapeutic inertia (TI) may affect 7 out of 10 physicians who care for MS patients, particularly in countries where clinical guidelines are not widely used. Limited information is available on the prevalence of TI and its associated factors across Canada. Objectives: (i) To evaluate factors associated with TI amongst neurologists caring for MS patients across Canada; (ii) to compare the prevalence of TI observed in Canadian neurologists to the prevalence ...

Tópico(s): Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life

2018 - Frontiers Media | Frontiers in Neurology

Revisão Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Sandra Vanotti, Fernando Cáceres,

Cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis have been extensively documented. The focus of this review will be on cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis patients from Latin America, in the context of international literature. Multicentre studies carried out in Latin America have shown that 43% of the patients have cognitive impairment and 34.5% in early stages of the disease, 29% depression and 20.9% neuropsychiatric disorders. The profile ...

Tópico(s): Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies

2017 - SAGE Publishing | Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational and Clinical

Artigo Revisado por pares

Sandra Vanotti, Alan Smerbeck, María Bárbara Eizaguirre, Maria Luisa Saladino, Ralph R. H. Benedict, Fernando Cáceres,

The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) was developed to provide valid assessment of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). The relationship between clinical and social variables and cognitive disorders has been extensively studied, but primarily in developed countries with a focus on other cognitive measures or batteries. The objectives of this study were to analyze the relationship between the BICAMS data and key clinical and sociodemographic variables ...

Tópico(s): Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies

2017 - Taylor & Francis | Applied Neuropsychology Adult

Artigo Brasil Produção Nacional Revisado por pares

Robert Lücking, Bibiana Moncada, Bruce McCune, Edit Farkas, Bernard Goffinet, Dinah Parker, José Luis Chaves, László Lőkös, Peter R. Nelson, Toby Spribille, Soili Stenroos, Timothy B. Wheeler, Alba Yánez-Ayabaca, Karen L. Dillman, Otto T. Gockman, Trevor Goward, Jason Hollinger, Erin A. Tripp, John Villella, Wilson Ricardo Álvaro Alba, Carlos Julio Arango, Marcela E. S. Cáceres, Luis Fernando Coca, Christian Printzen, Camilo Rodríguez, Klara Scharnagl, Ricardo Rozzi, Edier Soto Medina, Lidia Yakovchenko,

We provide a phylogenetic revision of the Pseudocyphellaria crocata complex in the Americas. Specimens traditionally identified as P. crocata, based on their cyanobacterial photobiont, yellow pseudocyphellae, at least partially white medulla, and yellow soralia or soralia-like structures, are shown to represent 13 distinct species, forming a monophyletic group divided into four large clades, three comprising one species each and one containing eight species, plus two taxa for which no molecular ...

Tópico(s): Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases

2017 - American Bryological and Lichenological Society | The Bryologist

Artigo Revisado por pares

Sandra Vanotti, Audrey Smerbeck, Ralph H. B. Benedict, Fernando Cáceres,

Background: The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) is an international assessment tool for monitoring cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. BICAMS comprises the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the California Verbal Learning Test – Second Edition (CVLT II) and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test – Revised (BVMT-R). Our objective was to validate and assess the reliability of BICAMS as applied in Argentina and to obtain normative data in Spanish for ...

Tópico(s): Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies

2016 - Taylor & Francis | The Clinical Neuropsychologist

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Irene Pérez-Cáceres, José Fernando Simancas, D. Martínez Poyatos, António Azor, Francisco González Lodeiro,

Abstract. Different transpressional scenarios have been proposed to relate kinematics and complex deformation patterns. We apply the most suitable of them to the Variscan orogeny in SW Iberia, which is characterized by a number of successive left-lateral transpressional structures developed in the Devonian to Carboniferous period. These structures resulted from the oblique convergence between three continental terranes (Central Iberian Zone, Ossa-Morena Zone and South Portuguese Zone), whose amalgamation ...

Tópico(s): earthquake and tectonic studies

2016 - Copernicus Publications | Solid Earth

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Adara Pardo, Yonatan Cáceres Escudero, Fernando Pulido,

AimsKey herbivory interaction traits such as plant defensive compounds may differ among populations of a single species due to the spatial variation in herbivore feeding guilds and the strength of the interaction. Moreover, the genealogy of population lineages could represent an additional source of variation interacting with the predominant eco-clinal trends. We tested for the existence of genetically based intraspecific variation in chemical defence profiles across the range of the relict tree ...

Tópico(s): Isotope Analysis in Ecology

2016 - Oxford University Press | Journal of Plant Ecology

Artigo

Juan Ignacio Rojas, Liliana Patrucco, Jimena Míguez, Vladimiro Sinay, Fátima Pagani Cassara, Fernando Cáceres, Nora Fernández Liguori, Maria Luisa Saladino, Norma Deri, G. Jaacks, Marcela Parada Marcilla, M.I. Arrigoni, Jorge Correale, M. Fiol, María Célica Ysrraelit, Adriana Carrá, María Celeste Curbelo, Alejandra Martínez, Judith Steinberg, Santiago Bestoso, Javier Hryb, José Luis Di Pace, Mónica Perassolo, Edgar Carnero Contentti, Alejandro Caride, Pablo A. López, Cristina Martínez, Edgardo Reich, Edgardo Cristiano,

The present study was carried out to assess if there is an anticipation of age at onset in younger generations of familial multiple sclerosis (FMS) vs. sporadic MS (SMS) in Argentina. Methods: multicenter study that included patients from 14 MS Centers of Argentina. Patients were considered as FMS if they had in their family at least one relative of first or second degree diagnosed with MS; otherwise, patients were considered to have SMS. We compared the age at onset between familial and sporadic ...

Tópico(s): Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases

2016 - Elsevier BV | Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Lisbeth Hurtado, Lorenzo Cáceres, Luis Fernando Chaves, José E. Calzada,

A major challenge of infectious disease elimination is the need to interrupt pathogen transmission across all vulnerable populations. Ethnic minorities are among the key vulnerable groups deserving special attention in disease elimination initiatives, especially because their lifestyle might be intrinsically linked to locations with high transmission risk. There has been a renewed interest in malaria elimination, which has ignited a quest to understand factors necessary for sustainable malaria elimination, ...

Tópico(s): Viral Infections and Vectors

2014 - Taylor & Francis | Emerging Microbes & Infections

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Evangelina Valeria Cores, Sandra Vanotti, María Bárbara Eizaguirre, Leticia Fiorentini, Orlando Garcea, Ralph H. B. Benedict, Fernando Cáceres,

The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) has been proposed to replace the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3 (PASAT-3) in the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite because it has the same validity but easy and shorter administration. However, among the two tests, the one that is most affected by culture is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of Argentinian and North American populations on the SDMT and PASAT-3. The SDMT and PASAT-3 were administered to 137 healthy ...

Tópico(s): Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies

2014 - Taylor & Francis | Applied Neuropsychology Adult

Artigo Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Sandra Vanotti, Evangelina Valeria Cores, María Bárbara Eizaguirre, Ángeles Merino, R. Rey, Andrés Villa, Fernando Cáceres,

The aim of this study was to standardize the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)-Oral version in a healthy population living in Argentina and to analyze the influence that age, gender, and education have on the SDMT. Secondarily, it is intended to analyze the performance of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on this test. Two hundred ninety-seven healthy participants were evaluated; they had an average age of 39.28 years and 13.87 years of schooling; 77.8% were women. The sample was segmented according ...

Tópico(s): Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies

2014 - Taylor & Francis | Applied Neuropsychology Adult

Errata Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Lisbeth Hurtado, Lorenzo Cáceres, Luis Fernando Chaves, José E. Calzada,

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/emi.2014.27.].

Tópico(s): Zoonotic diseases and public health

2014 - Taylor & Francis | Emerging Microbes & Infections

Artigo

Fernando Cáceres, Sandra Vanotti, Ralph H. B. Benedict,

Background Cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms impact many aspects of the lives of people with multiple sclerosis [MS]. This literature is based largely on North American and Western European samples, and little is known about these aspects of MS disability in Latin America. Objective RELACCEM is a longitudinal, multicenter study including MS centers in Argentina, Chile, Columbia, Venezuela, Uruguay and Mexico. The goal is to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment (two or more ...

Tópico(s): Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies

2013 - Elsevier BV | Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Artigo Revisado por pares

Luís Miguel Cáceres Puro, Fernando Muñíz, Joaquin Rodrı́guez Vidal, Juan Manuel Vargas, Teodosio Donaire Romero,

In this study we examined the materials used in the building of the tholos of La Pastora located in the archaeological site of Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain), which represents the largest settlement of the Guadalquivir Valley during the Third millennium BC. Three different types of rock were found: Palaeozoic sandstone-shale, which forms the walls of both the corridor and the chamber; Palaeozoic granite, which makes up part of the roof slabs; and Neogene calcareous sandstone, which forms ...

Tópico(s): Archaeological and Geological Studies

2013 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Archaeological Science

Revisão Revisado por pares

Fernando Cáceres, Sandra Vanotti, Stephen M. Rao, the RECONEM Workgroup,

We assessed cognitive performance and physical disability in 111 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 222 healthy controls in a multicenter study in Argentina to obtain the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) in a population of MS outpatients in Argentina. MS patients presented significantly lower scores in all Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychology (BRB-N) tests than did the control group. The prevalence of CI was 43.2%. This study allowed us to obtain actual figures on the number of MS patients ...

Tópico(s): Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies

2011 - Taylor & Francis | Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

Artigo Revisado por pares

Nora Fernández Liguori, Diana Klajn, Laura Ación, Fernando Cáceres, A. Calle, Adriana Carrá, Edgardo Cristiano, Norma Deri, Orlando Garcea, A Jaureguiberry, P. Onaha, Liliana Patrucco, Patricia M. Riccio, Roberto Rotta Escalante, Maria Luisa Saladino, Vladimiro Sinay, Adriana Tarulla, Andrés Villa,

Background The influence of pregnancy on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been extensively studied but such influence on Latin American women with MS has not been characterized. Our objective was to describe the course of pregnancy and birth outcome in Argentinean MS patients and the evolution of MS during pregnancy and after delivery. Method We used a retrospective design in eight MS centers in Argentina and administered a survey to women with definite MS (Mc Donald) with pregnancies during or after MS ...

Tópico(s): Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management

2009 - SAGE Publishing | Multiple Sclerosis Journal