Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Vanda Helena Paes Bueno, J.C. van Lenteren, Juracy Caldeira Lins, A. M. Calixto, Flávio Cardoso Montes, D. B. Silva, L. D. Santiago, L. Pérez,
Abstract The tomato borer T uta absoluta , native to western South America, is an extremely devastating pest in tomato crops in most of South America, Europe and Africa North of the Sahel, causes yield losses up to 100% and decreases fruit quality in open field and greenhouse crops if control methods are not applied. In Brazil two other important lepidopteran pests – N eoleucinodes elegantalis and H elicoverpa zea – occur in tomato, as well as thrips, whiteflies and aphids. For control of these pests, ...
Tópico(s): Insect Resistance and Genetics
2012 - Wiley | Journal of Applied Entomology
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
A. M. Calixto, Vanda Helena Paes Bueno, Flávio Cardoso Montes, Ana Silva, J.C. van Lenteren,
Orius insidiosus is a generalist predator for which diet influences important biological traits like reproduction and predation. We tested the effects of different diets alone or in combination on reproduction, longevity and predation capacity of this predator. The diets tested were: no food (control); pollen; Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) nymphs and adults; F. occidentalis nymphs and adults and pollen; Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) eggs; A. kuehniella eggs and pollen; A. kuehniella eggs; F. ...
Tópico(s): Hemiptera Insect Studies
2013 - Taylor & Francis | Biocontrol Science and Technology
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Flávio Cardoso de Matos, Mariana C. Costa, António J. A. Meirelles, Eduardo Augusto Caldas Batista,
The solid–liquid phase diagrams of six binary mixtures composed of triolein plus fatty acids (triolein (1) + capric acid (2), triolein (1) + lauric acid (3) and triolein (1) + myristic acid (4)) and triolein plus fatty alcohols (triolein (1) + 1-decanol (5), triolein (1) + 1-dodecanol (6) and triolein (1) + 1-tetradecanol (7)) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Experimental results clearly show that systems formed by triolein + capric acid, triolein + 1-decanol and triolein + 1-dodecanol show eutectic behavior, ...
Tópico(s): Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
2015 - Elsevier BV | Fluid Phase Equilibria
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Flávio Cardoso de Matos, Mariana C. Costa, António J. A. Meirelles, Eduardo Augusto Caldas Batista,
Solid–liquid phase diagrams of six binary mixtures composed by trilaurin plus fatty acids (myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid) and trilaurin plus fatty alcohols (1-tetradecanol, 1-hexadecanol and 1-octadecanol) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and some mixtures by optical microscopy. The experimental data showed that all the studied systems present an eutectic point. Trilaurin + 1-tetradecanol and trilaurin + 1-hexadecanol systems exhibited a partial formation of solid ...
Tópico(s): Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
2016 - Elsevier BV | Fluid Phase Equilibria
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Diego B. Silva, Vanda Helena Paes Bueno, Flávio Cardoso Montes, J.C. van Lenteren,
Tópico(s): Insect behavior and control techniques
2016 - Springer Science+Business Media | BioControl
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Danielle Cristina Guimarães da Silva, Wellington Segheto, Mário Flávio Cardoso Lima, Milene Cristine Pessoa, Maria do Carmo Gouveia Pelúzio, Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni, Diana Barbosa Cunha, Giana Zarbato Longo,
Abstract Background It is of great value to develop valid instruments to estimate food consumption; for this purpose, the triads method has been applied in validation studies of dietary intake to evaluate the correlation between three measurements [food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), reference method and biomarker]. The main aim of the present study was to validate a FFQ for Brazilian adults by means of the method of triads by estimating the ingestion of total fatty acids based on the level of saturation. ...
Tópico(s): Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
2017 - Wiley | Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
J.C. van Lenteren, Vanda Helena Paes Bueno, Jolein Smit, Marianne A. Soares, Ana Maria Calixto, Flávio Cardoso Montes, D. J. de Jong,
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a key pest of tomato, is quickly spreading over the world. We are evaluating the biology and pest control capacity of three Neotropical mirid species, Campyloneuropsis infumatus (Carvalho), Engytatus varians (Distant) and Macrolophus basicornis (Stal). Here we report about the predation of T. absoluta eggs by all nymphal stages of the three mirid species. A tomato leaflet with ad libitum prey was offered to a newly-emerged 1st instar nymph of a mirid predator and kept at 24 ± ...
Tópico(s): Biological Control of Invasive Species
2017 - University of Bologna | Bulletin of insectology
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Flávia Galvão Cândido, F. C. E. de Oliveira, Mário Flávio Cardoso Lima, Carina Aparecida Pinto, Letícia L. da Silva, Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino, Marcelo Henrique dos Santos, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves Alfenas,
We investigated if pumpkin and flaxseeds could improve postprandial glycemic, food intake, and appetitive responses. Herein, we hypothesize based on the literature that pumpkin seed has potential to lower postprandial glycemic effects. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study involving normoglycemic adults (food intake: n = 25; glycemia: n = 15). Three high-carbohydrate mixed meals presenting no seed (control [C]) or 65 g of the tested seeds (pumpkin ...
Tópico(s): GABA and Rice Research
2018 - Elsevier BV | Nutrition Research
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
J.C. van Lenteren, Vanda Helena Paes Bueno, Francisco Calvo, Ana Maria Calixto, Flávio Cardoso Montes,
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a key pest of tomato and is quickly spreading over the world. We conducted an experiment aimed at evaluating the control capacity and risk for plant damage of three Neotropical mirid species, Campyloneuropsis infumatus (Carvalho; Hemiptera: Miridae), Engytatus varians (Distant; Hemiptera: Miridae) and Macrolophus basicornis (Stal; Hemiptera: Miridae) on T. absoluta infested tomato plants in large cages in an experimental greenhouse. During three successive ...
Tópico(s): Insect Resistance and Genetics
2018 - Oxford University Press | Journal of Economic Entomology
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
J.C. van Lenteren, Vanda Helena Paes Bueno, Giovanni Burgio, Alberto Lanzoni, Flávio Cardoso Montes, D.B. Silva, Peter W. de Jong, Lia Hemerik,
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a key pest of tomato, is quickly spreading over the world and biological control is considered as one of the control options. Worldwide more than 160 species of natural enemies are associated with this pest, and an important challenge is to quickly find an effective biocontrol agent from this pool of candidate species. Evaluation criteria for control agents are presented, with the advantages they offer for separating potentially useful natural enemies from less promising ...
Tópico(s): Insect Pest Control Strategies
2019 - Cambridge University Press | Bulletin of Entomological Research
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
J.C. van Lenteren, Alberto Lanzoni, Lia Hemerik, Vanda Helena Paes Bueno, Johanna Gisela Bajonero Cuervo, Antonio Biondi, Giovanni Burgio, Francisco Calvo, Peter W. de Jong, Silvia N. López, María G. Luna, Flávio Cardoso Montes, Eliana Nieves, Pascal Osa Aigbedion-Atalor, María Begoña Riquelme Virgala, Norma E. Sánchez, Alberto Urbaneja,
Ecologists study how populations are regulated, while scientists studying biological pest control apply population regulation processes to reduce numbers of harmful organisms: an organism (a natural enemy) is used to reduce the population density of another organism (a pest). Finding an effective biological control agent among the tens to hundreds of natural enemies of a pest is a daunting task. Evaluation criteria help in a first selection to remove clearly ineffective or risky species from the list ...
Tópico(s): Insect Pest Control Strategies
2021 - Nature Portfolio | Scientific Reports
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Ana Maria Calixto, Vanda Helena Paes Bueno, Flávio Cardoso Montes, J.C. van Lenteren,
Knowledge of the optimal temperatures for development and survival of biological control agents is essential for efficient mass-rearing and introduction of natural enemies in augmentative biological control programs.We studied the effect of constant and alternating temperatures on development and survival of immature stages and the sex ratio at emergence of adults of the Nearctic generalist predator Geocoris punctipes (Say).We also determined its thermal requirements.They were reared in climatic ...
Tópico(s): Biological Control of Invasive Species
2014 - Institute of Entomology | European Journal of Entomology
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Mario Flávio Cardoso de Lima, Priscila Rita Niquini Ribeiro Lopes, Rafael Gonçalves Silva, Ricardo Campos de Faria, Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim, João Carlos Bouzas Marins,
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar diferentes questionários usados para medir o nível de atividade física (NAF) em adolescentes brasileiros entre 2007 e 2012. Para o desenvolvimento desta revisão, foram selecionados artigos que usavam questionários validados aplicados em adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos. Após as buscas selecionaram‐se 26 artigos para revisão. Foram encontrados mais de 10 modelos diferentes de questionários, o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) foi o usado com ...
Tópico(s): Children's Physical and Motor Development
2018 - Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte | Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Maria Cristina O. Salgado,
We examined the angiotensin-induced potentiation of noradrenergic transmission in the isolated mesenteric arteries of one-kidney, one clip (1K1C) hypertensive rats. The angiotensin converting enzyme activity measured in plasma did not change during the development of hypertension, whereas the activity measured in the aortic tissue was significantly augmented 28 days after the renal artery was clipped. Although the pressor responses to nerve stimulation were basically unaltered, a significant increase ...
Tópico(s): Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
1992 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Hypertension
Produção Nacional
Leonardo Vieira Lima Gregorio, Fernando Paganeli Machado Giglio, Vivien Thiemy Sakai, K.C.S. Modena, Bella Luna Colombini Ishikiriama, Adriana Maria Calvo, Carla Renata Sipert, Thiago José Dionísio, José Roberto Pereira Lauris, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Alceu Sérgio Trindade, Carlos Ferreira Santos,
Objective This study compared the clinical efficacy of 4% articaine (A200) and 0.5% bupivacaine (B200), both with 1:200,000 epinephrine, for lower third molar removal. Study design Fifty patients underwent removal of symmetrically positioned lower third molars, in 2 separate appointments, under local anesthesia either with A200 or B200, in a double-blind, randomized, and crossover manner. Time to onset, duration of postoperative analgesia, duration of anesthetic action on soft tissues, intraoperative ...
Tópico(s): Airway Management and Intubation Techniques
2008 - Elsevier BV | Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Paulo Alceu Kiemle Trindade, Fernando Paganeli Machado Giglio, Bella Luna Colombini Ishikiriama, Adriana Maria Calvo, K.C.S. Modena, Debora A. Ribeiro, Thiago José Dionísio, Daniel Brozoski, José Roberto Pereira Lauris, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Carlos Ferreira Santos,
Tópico(s): Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
2010 - Elsevier BV | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Carlos Ferreira Santos, K.C.S. Modena, Fernando Paganeli Machado Giglio, Vivien Thiemy Sakai, Adriana Maria Calvo, Bella Luna Colombini Ishikiriama, Carla Renata Sipert, Thiago José Dionísio, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Alceu Sérgio Trindade, José Roberto Pereira Lauris,
Purpose This study compared the use of 4% articaine in association with 1:100,000 (10 μg/mL; A100) or 1:200,000 (5 μg/mL; A200) epinephrine in lower third molar removal. Patients and Methods Fifty healthy volunteers underwent removal of symmetrically positioned lower third molars, in 2 separate appointments, under local anesthesia with either A100 or A200, in a double-blind, randomized, and crossed manner. Latency, duration of postoperative analgesia, duration of anesthetic action on soft tissues, ...
Tópico(s): Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
2007 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
V. Benetello, Fabiano Sakamoto, Fernando Paganeli Machado Giglio, Vivien Thiemy Sakai, Adriana Maria Calvo, K.C.S. Modena, Bella Luna Colombini Ishikiriama, Thiago José Dionísio, José Roberto Pereira Lauris, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Carlos Ferreira Santos,
We compared the clinical efficacy of orally administered valdecoxib and piroxicam for the prevention of pain, trismus and swelling after removal of horizontally and totally intrabony impacted lower third molars. Twenty-five patients were scheduled to undergo removal of symmetrically positioned lower third molars in two separate appointments. Valdecoxib (40 mg) or piroxicam (20 mg) was administered in a double-blind, randomized and crossed manner for 4 days after the surgical procedures. Objective ...
Tópico(s): Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
2007 - Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica | Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Paulo Alceu Kiemle Trindade, Fernando Paganeli Machado Giglio, Bella Luna Colombini Ishikiriama, Adriana Maria Calvo, K.C.S. Modena, Debora A. Ribeiro, Thiago José Dionísio, Daniel Brozoski, José Roberto Pereira Lauris, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Carlos Ferreira Santos,
ObjectiveLower third molar removal provides a clinical model for studying analgesic drugs. The present study's aim was to compare the clinical efficacy of sublingual ketorolac and sublingual piroxicam in managing pain, trismus and swelling after lower third molar extraction in adult volunteers.Study DesignIn this double-blinded, randomized, crossover investigation, 47 volunteers received for 4 days ketorolac sublingually (10 mg 4 times daily) and piroxicam sublingually (20 mg once daily) during 2 ...
Tópico(s): Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
2011 - Elsevier BV | Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Adriana Maria Calvo, Vivien Thiemy Sakai, Fernando Paganeli Machado Giglio, K.C.S. Modena, Bella Luna Colombini Ishikiriama, V. Benetello, Fabiano Sakamoto, Thiago Machado Freire, Thiago José Dionísio, José Roberto Pereira Lauris, Alceu Sérgio Trindade, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Carlos Ferreira Santos,
Fifty patients were scheduled to undergo removal of symmetrically positioned lower third molars in two separate appointments. Meloxicam 7.5 or 15 mg was once daily administered in a double-blind, randomized and crossover manner after the surgery for 4 days. Objective and subjective parameters were recorded for comparison of postoperative courses. Patients treated with 7.5 mg meloxicam who underwent osteotomy reported higher pain scores at 1.5, 3, 4, 10, 12 and 16 h (P < 0.05) and ingested a greater ...
Tópico(s): Dental Radiography and Imaging
2006 - Elsevier BV | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Produção Nacional
Josilene Luciene Duarte, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Danielle Santi Ceolin, Tânia Mary Cestari, Gérson Francisco de Assis,
Poucos estudos demonstram as reações patológicas devidas à inalação de fumaça pelas vias aéreas de ratos. OBJETIVO: Estudar e analisar os possíveis efeitos histopatologicos produzidos pela inalação crônica de fumaça de cigarro nas pregas vocais de ratos. DESENHO DE ESTUDO: Experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: 36 ratos masculinos (Rattus norvergicus Wistar), de 60 dias de idade, foram mantidos em gaiolas e expostos à inalação da fumaça produzida por 10 cigarros, 3 vezes ao dia, 7 dias por semana, para ...
Tópico(s): Voice and Speech Disorders
2006 - Sociedade Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia | Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia
Josilene Luciene Duarte, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Danielle Santi Ceolin, Tânia Mary Cestari, Gérson Francisco de Assis,
Few studies have demonstrated the pathologic reactions yielded by smoke inhalation on the airway in rats.The aim of this study was to analyze the possible histopathological effects produced by chronic cigarette smoke inhalation on the vocal folds of rats.Experimental.36 male rats (Rattus norvergicus Wistar strain), aged 60 days, were kept in cages and exposed to inhalation of the smoke produced by 10 cigarettes lit 3 times a day, 7 days a week, for periods of 25, 50 and 75 days, and their respective ...
Tópico(s): Smoking Behavior and Cessation
2006 - Elsevier BV | Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Carlos Ferreira Santos, Ana Carolina Morandini, Thiago José Dionísio, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Marta Cunha Lima, Cáio Márcio Figueiredo, Bella Luna Colombini Ishikiriama, Carla Renata Sipert, Rubens P. Maciel, Ana Paula Akashi, Gabriela Pereira Souza, Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet, Camila Oliveira Rodini, Sandra L. Amaral, Christiane Becari, Maria Cristina O. Salgado, Eduardo B. Oliveira, Isaac R. Matus, Daniela N. Didier, Andrew S. Greene,
The initiation or progression of periodontitis might involve a local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in periodontal tissue. The aim of this study was to further characterize the local RAS in human and rat periodontal tissues between healthy and periodontally-affected tissue. Components of the RAS were investigated using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments involving both human and Wistar rat periodontium. Although not upregulated when challenged with P. gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide, human gingival ...
Tópico(s): Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
2015 - Public Library of Science | PLoS ONE
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Adriana Maria Calvo, Gabriel Mulinari‐Santos, Thiago José Dionísio, Maria Paula Marques, Daniel Brozoski, Vera Lúcia Lanchote, Maria Helena Fernandes, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Carlos Ferreira Santos,
Saliva sampling used to quantify piroxicam and 5′-hydroxypiroxicam is a noninvasive and painless method when compared to sequential blood sampling. For that, a rapid, selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for simultaneous determination of piroxicam and 5′-hydroxypiroxicam in saliva and human plasma was developed and validated. Piroxicam and its major metabolite were separated using a LiChroCART 125-4 RP Select-B Sorbent C18 column using a mixture of methanol ...
Tópico(s): Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
2015 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Andrea Melo Senes, Adriana Maria Calvo, Bella Luna Colombini Ishikiriama, Paulo Zupelari Gonçalves, Thiago José Dionísio, Eduardo Sant’Ana, Daniel Brozoski, José Roberto Pereira Lauris, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Carlos Ferreira Santos,
This double-blind crossover randomized clinical trial compared the efficacy of 2 concentrations of articaine, 2% (A2) and 4% (A4), with 1:200,000 epinephrine, for lower third molar removal. During 2 separate appointments with either A2 or A4, both similarly positioned lower third molars in 46 volunteers were extracted. The following were evaluated: onset and duration of anesthetic action on soft tissues, intraoperative bleeding, hemodynamic parameters, postoperative analgesia, and mouth opening and ...
Tópico(s): Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
2015 - SAGE Publishing | Journal of Dental Research
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Dimas M. Ribeiro, Dalton Dias da Silva Júnior, Flávio Barcellos Cardoso, Auxiliadora O. Martins, Welder A. Silva, Vitor L. Nascimento, Wagner L. Araújo,
Abstract Although Selenium (Se) stress is relatively well known for causing growth inhibition, its effects on primary metabolism remain rather unclear. Here, we characterized both the modulation of the expression of specific genes and the metabolic adjustments in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to changes in Se level in the soil. Se treatment culminated with strong inhibition of both shoot and root growth. Notably, growth inhibition in Se‐treated plants was associated with an incomplete mobilization ...
Tópico(s): Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
2016 - Wiley | Plant Cell & Environment
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Yuri Martins Costa, Paulo César Rodrigues Conti, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Leonardo Rigoldi Bonjardim,
The association between temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and headaches, cervical spine dysfunction, and fibromyalgia is not artefactual. The aim of this review is to describe the comorbid relationship between TMD and these three major painful conditions and to discuss the clinical implications and the underlying pain mechanisms involved in these relationships. Common neuronal pathways and central sensitization processes are acknowledged as the main factors for the association between TMD and primary ...
Tópico(s): Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
2016 - Elsevier BV | Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Adriana Maria Calvo, Paulo Zupelari Gonçalves, Thiago José Dionísio, Daniel Brozoski, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Carlos Ferreira Santos,
Objective: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), predominantly CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association of polymorphisms in the CYP2C8 * 3 and CYP2C9 genes with the clinical efficacy of oral piroxicam (20 mg daily for 4 days) after lower third molar surgeries with regard to postoperative pain, swelling, trismus, adverse reactions, need for rescue medication and the volunteer's overall satisfaction. ...
Tópico(s): Pain Management and Opioid Use
2017 - Dove Medical Press | Journal of Pain Research
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Paulo Zupelari Gonçalves, Giovana Maria Weckwerth, Adriana Maria Calvo, Luís Fernando Simoneti, Thiago José Dionísio, Daniel Brozoski, Elza Araújo Torres, José Roberto Pereira Lauris, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de Faria, Carlos Ferreira Santos,
Postoperative pain and inflammation after oral surgery is mostly managed using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, opioids combined with NSAIDs may improve pain management in patients, especially after traumatic oral surgery. Few studies have compared NSAIDs with and without opioid use after oral and maxillofacial surgery. This randomized, double-blind, cross-over study compared the clinical efficacy of either diclofenac (50 mg) and codeine (50 mg) or diclofenac alone (50 mg) for ...
Tópico(s): Dental Radiography and Imaging
2017 - Elsevier BV | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Saïd Aoues, Flávio Luiz Cardoso-Ribeiro, Denis Matignon, Daniel Alazard,
In this brief, we develop a mathematical model of a flexible spacecraft system composed of a hub and two symmetrical beams using the port-Hamiltonian framework. This class of system has favorable properties, such as passivity for controller synthesis and stability analysis, where the global Hamiltonian plays the role of a Lyapunov function candidate. The spacecraft model is viewed as a power-conserving interconnection between an infinite (beam) and finite (hub) dimensional system. We show that the ...
Tópico(s): ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
2017 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology