Giles Smith, Andrew Robson, Simon Barnes Chief Sports Writer, Janice Turner, Christina Hardyment, John McNamara, Bishop & Williams, Donald MacGillivray, Robert Cole, Andrew Pierce, Michael Saward, J. T. Dean, Chole Bryan-Brown, Adam Sherwin Media Reporter, Dr Thomas Stuttaford and Suzi Godson, Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen, Jane MacQuitty, Tim De Lisle, Robert Thicknesse, Michael Dowse, Jeremy Hornsby, Christopher Somerville, Anita James, Mark Souster, Paul Hoggart, Richard Hobson, John Mulvey, Charlotte Balley, Damon Wise, Dr Toby Murcott, Philip Howard, Hannah Betts, T. J. Binyon, Ken Hom, Michael Binyon, Rachel Campbell-Johnston, Nic Hopkins, Clive Davis, Kate Reardon, Anne Gatti, Brain Lynch, Elizabeth Judge, Lucia Van Der Post, Carl Mortished, Tom Baldwin and Helen Rumbelow, Declan Buckley, Datya Alberge, Arts Correspondent, Julia Carling and Kate Shapland, Sam Marlowe, Nicola Christie, Kevin Eason, Geoff Brown, Clare Stewart, Giles Coren, Alastair Campbell, Sandra Lawrence, Antonia Senior, Ellis Parrinder, Mark Griffiths, Pat Gibson, Stanley Best (Chairman), Nancy Durrant, A. C. Grayling, Helen Nugent and Sam Coates, Hilary Rose, Stewart Tendler Crime Correspondent, Katherine Swift, Anthony Gardner, Roger Wood, Tom Bawden, Dominic Walsh, Nell Harman, James Doran Wall Street Correspondent, Shirley English, Debra Craine, Maria Misra, Greg Watts, Norman Harris, Joe Morgan, Grainne Gilmore, Mark Griffiths and Hugh Palmer, Dr Jane Collins, Dan Sabbagh, Peter Ackroyd, MM, Tom Gatti, Richard Ford Home Correspondent, John Rollinson, Jo Morris, Andy Stephens, Rose Shepherd, Doctor Copperfield, Marcus Williams, Jonathan Margolis, Roland Watson, Seam MacAulay, Richard Lloyd Parry, Tina Gaudoin, David Hands, Ian MacKinnon, Helen Rumbelow, Stefanie Marsh, Matt Dickinson Chief Football Correspondent, Raymond Snoddy and Adam Sherwin, Tim Teeman, Derwent May, Arwa Haider, Kate Muir, Tim Moore, Stephen Harper, Robert Burrow, Paula Hawkins, Michael Evans and Stewart Tendler, Maria Harding, Peter Paphides, Mary Gold, Ed Potton, Jerome Burne, Oliver Kay, Meg Carter, Stephen Anderton, Amber Cowan, Anne Reid, Lisa Grainger, Sarah Vine, Mark Atherton, Jane Wheatley, John Westerby, Lisa Armstrong, Rick Broadbent, David Lister, Morgan Falconer, Jill Sherman Whitehall Editor, Sam Coates, Chris Power, Dr Feelgood, Nigel E. Jackson, John Hopkins Golf Correspondent, Geoffrey Dean, Rob Wright, Geoffrey Young, Amanda Platell, Michael Ross, David Willetis, Andrew Cockburn, Stuart Miles, Benjamin Fry, Jennifer Beeston, David Powell Athletics Correspondent, Dan Sabbagh Telecoms Correspondent, Marcus Binney, Raymond Keene, Adam Sage, Lewis Smith, Matthew Pryor, Rod Liddle, Richard Brass, Salley Vickers, Richard Dixon, Elinor Goodman, Xan Rice, Neville Scott, Andrew G. Marshall, Brian Osborne, Russell Hotten, Nigel Whitfield, Helen Nugent, Richard Owen, John Trewby, Christopher Martin-Jenkins Chief Cricket Correspondent, Tom Bawden and Peter Klinger, Alex Hawkes, Roger Boyes, Graham Searjeant Personal Investor, Andrew Norfolk and Laura Peek, David Hands Rugby Correspondent, Mighty Joe Young, Chris Condron, Maureen Shaw, Brian Case, John Goodbody, Nell Harman Tennis Correspondent, Muir Vidler, Robert Crampton, Jenny Uglow, Chris Lock, Matthew Parris, Paul Pritchard, Ronan McGreevy and Chris Johnston, Alan Franks, Mary Hollingsworth, John Lister-Kaye, Russell Jenkins, Ingrid Mansell, Michael Austin, Alan Lee, Tim Wapshott, Iain Finlayson, Caitlin Moran, Tim Martin, Ben MacIntyre, Fiona Hook, Richard Beeston, David Charter Chief Political Correspondent, Jeremy Head, Jack Malvern Arts Reporter, Derek Sach, John Naish, Lea Paterson, Mark Henderson, Chris Ayres, James Jackson, Carl Mortished International Business Editor, Mark Baldwin, Sarah Butler, Benedict Nightingale, Angus Batey, Nick Hood, Jonathan Meades, LV, Stephen Dalton, Jill Crawshaw, Leo Lewis, Fred Dellar, Paul Connolly, Credo Geoffrey Rowell, James Christopher, Tom Chesshyre, Adam Sherwin, Simon Crompton, David McVay and George Caulkin, Mark Venables, Jeffrey Podolsky, Alan Lee Racing Correspondent, Michael Moore, Owen Slot, Gill Guest, Cath Urquhart Travel Editor, Alan Hamilton and David Charter, Robbie Millen, Rameeka Parvez, Edward Gorman Sailing Correspondent, Jenny Davey, Mike Fox, Henry Cooper, Garry Jenkins, Nicola Iseard, Nick Meo, Christopher Irvine, Damian Barr, Charles Hebbert, Jane Jackman,
... Indian Inspirations Coopers of Stortford Hooked on the fynbos The Other Cape Town When the Rains Come, ...
2004 - Gale Group | TDA
K. B. Higgins, A. J. Lamb, Brian W. van Wilgen,
Twenty-five individuals of 10 species of fynbos plants were harvested 26 years after fire at a mountain fynbos site. The species included shrubs up to 4 m tall, geophytes and ... root types were identified. The rooting patterns of fynbos plants were compared to data from other fynbos areas and to other mediterranean-type shrublands. Dominant fynbos shrubs with deep roots reproduce from seed following ... can be reduced by 50% following fire in fynbos, while root phytomass remains largely unaffected by fire ...
Tópico(s): Pasture and Agricultural Systems
1987 - Elsevier BV | South African Journal of Botany
Richard M. Cowling, Bruce M. Campbell, Penny Mustart, D. J. Mcdonald, M.L. Jarman, Eugene Moll,
... various hierarchical levels, were recognized and mapped. Non-fynbos communities included Forest & Thicket, and Renoster Shrubland. Fynbos communities, which covered most of the study area, were Mesotrophic Asteraceous Fynbos, Dune Asteraceous Fynbos, Dry Restioid Fynbos, Protea repens Proteoid Fynbos, Protea obtusifolia–Leucadendron meridianum/P. susannae–L. coniferum Proteoid Fynbos, L. platyspermum–P. compacta–L. xanthoconus Proteoid Fynbos and Mesic Ericaceous Fynbos. It was not possible to classify Forest & Thicket ...
Tópico(s): Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
1988 - Elsevier BV | South African Journal of Botany
Anthony G. Rebelo, Richard M. Cowling, Bruce M. Campbell, Michael E. Meadows,
... various hierarchical levels, were recognized and mapped. Non-fynbos communities included Afromontane Forest, Eastern Forest and Thicket, ... the Forest and Thicket Group, and Renoster Shrubland. Fynbos communities were Mesotrophic Grassy Fynbos, three subseries of Asteraceous Fynbos (Mesotrophic, Dune and Oligotrophic), Azonal Restioid Fynbos, Wet Proteoid Fynbos, Dry Proteoid Fynbos and six types of Mesic Proteoid Fynbos. The vegetation types could all be integrated into Campbell's Fynbos Biome mountain vegetation concepts and modifications based on ...
Tópico(s): Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
1991 - Elsevier BV | South African Journal of Botany
... Labill.) Wendl., an alien invasive shrub of coastal fynbos, and Protea repens (L.) L., an indigenous shrub, ... all levels of nutrient availability found in the fynbos, appears to be one of the key factors ... U 1987, Perth 6001, Western Australia. Introduction Coastal fynbos of the south-western Cape has been extensively ... 1980). It has invaded both disturbed and pristine fynbos and allied shrublands, on a wide variety of ... The availability of phosphorus and nitrogen in coastal fynbos is raised after a fire for a short ...
Tópico(s): Biological Control of Invasive Species
1991 - Wiley | Functional Ecology
Different responses of forest and fynbos species to water table depth and soil nutrient status may restrict forests to moist, sheltered habitats in the fynbos region of the Cape. To test this hypothesis, ... species) and Kiggelaria africana L. (forest precursor) and fynbos shrub species Protea neriifolia R. Br. and P. ... of depths to water table in forest and fynbos soil types. Fynbos species grew at all depths to water table in the fynbos soil, but K. africana grew very poorly and ... greater in the forest soil than in the fynbos soil and was little affected by depth to ...
Tópico(s): Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
1992 - Elsevier BV | South African Journal of Botany
P. T. Manders, David M. Richardson,
Forest and mountain fynbos communities intermingle in the southwestern Cape, South Africa, but are distinct in terms of species composition and community processes. Fires occur frequently in fynbos communities, but seldom in the forest communities, which ... ravines or stream banks. Forest species establish in fynbos between fires, and may predominate eventually in exceptional ... conceptual model for the development of forest in fynbos and examined processes in the model related to ... species. Germination and establishment requirements of forest and fynbos species were examined to determine causes of community ...
Tópico(s): Fire effects on ecosystems
1992 - Elsevier BV | Forest Ecology and Management
Margaretha Herppich, Werner B. Herppich, D. J. von Willert,
... typical sites in the coastal and the mountain fynbos (South Africa). The study sites differed in soil ... vegetation age. The species selected comprise the main fynbos elements (proteoid, ericoid and restioid) and vary in ... in soils of the coastal than the mountain fynbos. Leaf nitrogen content was low in plants of ... climate-type ecosystems confirms that the nutrient-poor fynbos systems may at best be similar to the ... Photosynthetic activity was generally higher in proteoid coastal fynbos species than in the majority of the other ...
Tópico(s): Pasture and Agricultural Systems
2002 - Elsevier BV | Basic and Applied Ecology
... diversity. The Reserve is covered in near-natural fynbos shrublands with a few patches of forest and ... At the vegetation type level. Forest Thicket and Fynbos formed distinctive clusters, whereas the wetland releves were ... served as the major determinant of the forest-fynbos boundary. The Forest Thicket grouping was separated into Thicket (as transitional to fynbos), Afromontane Forest and Milkwood Scrub Forest. Two broad complexes were distinguished within the Fynbos grouping, the Alkaline Sand Fynbos Complex corresponding to ...
Tópico(s): Rangeland and Wildlife Management
2008 - AOSIS | Bothalia
Sebinasi Dzikiti, NZ Jovanovic, Richard Dh Bugan, S. Israel, David C. Le Maître,
... the water relations of indigenous plants in the fynbos shrublands of the Cape, South Africa. These have ... this study we determined water use by 3 fynbos vegetation types growing at 4 different sites, namely: (i) lowland Atlantis Sand Plain fynbos growing on deep sandy soils, (ii) Kogelberg Sandstone fynbos growing in a riparian zone on deep alluvial soils, (iii) dryland Kogelberg Sandstone fynbos growing on shallow sandy soils at a montane site, and (iv) alluvial Swartland fynbos growing in clayey soils. Evapotranspiration (ET) was quantified ...
Tópico(s): Irrigation Practices and Water Management
2014 - Water Research Commission | Water SA
Martin P. Cocks, William D. Stock,
... the periodic dominance and scarcity of legumes in fynbos environments in South Africa. To do this we ... the nitrogen capital of selected Aspalathus spp. and fynbos stands was. In order to answer these questions ... nutrient status of recently burned and adjacent unburned fynbos stands. This was then related to nodulation patterns ... total nitrogen capital of an 11 year old fynbos stand. This could be a significant contribution balancing ... during the burning of 12–20 year old fynbos stands. In summary it appears that the ecological ...
Tópico(s): Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
2001 - Elsevier BV | Basic and Applied Ecology
Karen J. Esler, Lize von Staden, Guy F. Midgley,
Boundaries between Fynbos and Succulent Karoo vegetation in the Greater Cape Floristic Region are frequently characterised by sharp transitions from sandy, ... climate transition from cooler, wetter conditions typical of Fynbos at higher elevations to warmer, drier conditions at ... being the lowest elevation site (warm × dry) for Fynbos species (Protea humiflora, P. magnifica and P. amplexicaulis), ... species (Ruschia lineolata, Drosanthemum speciosum and Pteronia incana). Fynbos species showed significant adverse responses to loamy mesotrophic ...
Tópico(s): Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
2015 - Elsevier BV | South African Journal of Botany
Patricia M. Holmes, Richard M. Cowling,
... Labill) Wendl. on the guild structure of indigenous fynbos vegetation was investigated at three sites on the ... with neighbouring uninvaded vegetation. 2. At one site fynbos recruitment was monitored following complete removal of vegetation ... assess the restoration potential of invaded vegetation. 3. Fynbos species richness, cover and frequency all declined through ... fewer shrubs with leptophyllous (ericoid) leaves compared to fynbos. Serotinous shrubs were virtually absent in long-invaded ... of species recruited by seedlings was highest in fynbos and declined both with stage of invasion and ...
Tópico(s): Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
1997 - Wiley | Journal of Applied Ecology
Richard M. Cowling, Donovan Kirkwood, Jeremy J. Midgley, Shirley M. Pierce,
Abstract. Seedling abundance at four microsites (open fynbos, beneath emergent fynbos shrubs, beneath thicket, and beneath forest) was determined at three coastal dune landscapes, located along a gradient of increasing summer rainfall and where fire‐dependent fynbos was the predominant vegetation. At all sites thicket seedlings were most common beneath emergent fynbos shrubs and under thicket clumps; seedlings of forest ... Very few thicket seedlings were observed in open fynbos. Birds play a keystone role in facilitating establishment ...
Tópico(s): Plant Parasitism and Resistance
1997 - Wiley | Journal of Vegetation Science
A. James MacPherson, Lindsey Gillson, M. Timm Hoffman,
The mega-diverse, Mediterranean-type fynbos biome may be vulnerable to future changes in climate and associated fire regimes, in particular to increasing summer-drought intensity and ... vegetation types. Studying Holocene vegetation dynamics at the fynbos–succulent karoo boundary may provide insights into the resilience or sensitivity of fynbos to climate change. In this study, fossil pollen, ... sediment core extracted directly at the present-day fynbos–succulent karoo biome boundary at Groenkloof, a site ...
Tópico(s): African Botany and Ecology Studies
2017 - SAGE Publishing | The Holocene
A. James MacPherson, Lindsey Gillson, M. Timm Hoffman,
... persist within a broader landscape of Mediterranean-type fynbos shrubland. The co-existence of these contrasting vegetation ... hydrology). In this study, palaeoecological data from a fynbos-forest boundary were used to assess the effects ... environmental changes. We expected to find shifts between fynbos and forest alternate stable states associated with changes in fire and rainfall. More specifically, we anticipated fynbos expansion during drier periods and/or those with ... fossil pollen data reveal remarkable stability of the fynbos-forest ecotone over the past 3000 years, despite ...
Tópico(s): Fire effects on ecosystems
2019 - SAGE Publishing | The Holocene
Lindsey Gillson, A. James MacPherson, M. Timm Hoffman,
... and under varying climatic and disturbance conditions. The fynbos biome is a megadiverse Mediterranean type shrubland, found ... the semi-arid and mesic boundaries of the fynbos biome to test hypotheses regarding ecosystem resilience over timescales of centuries to millennia. We hypothesised that fynbos would expand at its mesic boundary at the ... we hypothesised that at the semi-arid boundary, fynbos would expand at the expense of succulent karoo ... of rainfall during drier phases favoured fire and fynbos persistence, while in wetter periods, increased seasonality of ...
Tópico(s): Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
2020 - Elsevier BV | Ecological Complexity
James S. Pryke, Michael J. Samways,
... had the highest species richness and abundance. Natural fynbos vegetation was more similar to pines than to recovering fynbos, while recovering forest was more similar to pines ... for invertebrate species. Surprisingly, invertebrate assemblages in natural fynbos were more similar to those in pines than in recovering fynbos after the removal of pines. This suggests that some invertebrate species colonize the fynbos soon after rehabilitation disturbance, a response similar to ... are more difficult to restore than those of fynbos, thus the protection of the remaining natural forests ...
Tópico(s): Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
2009 - Elsevier BV | Landscape and Urban Planning
Susan Botha, David C. Le Maître,
... significant factors controlling the recruitment of Proteaceae in fynbos shrublands, were studied in a fynbos shrubland before and after a fire in March ... abundance of small mammals was recorded at two fynbos and five forest sites before the fire and at an additional forest and fynbos site after the fire. Seed predation reduced seedling ... from seeds planted in March 1986 in mature fynbos, but the reduction was significant only at the ... in July, August and September 1986 in mature fynbos. The primary cause of seedling mortality before the ...
Tópico(s): Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
1992 - Taylor & Francis | South African Journal of Zoology
David C. Steart, Robert A. Spicer, Marion K. Bamford,
... from 24 South African vegetation sites, including 3 Fynbos sites, exhibiting high levels of endemism, were assessed ... LMP) and MAT, but with the exception of Fynbos sites, the differences are small when the percentage of entire margined species is < 65. Fynbos sites plot up to 8 °C cooler for ... morphotypes per site. For CLAMP, the African non-Fynbos sites plotted within the parameters characterized by the ... rest of the world. However, the African non-Fynbos sites did fill a previously unoccupied void within ...
Tópico(s): Tree-ring climate responses
2010 - Elsevier BV | Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
Corli Coetsee, William J. Bond, Benjamin J. Wigley,
... creation and maintenance of boundaries between forest and fynbos biomes in the southern Cape, South Africa: 1) ... status? At seven paired sites where forest and fynbos occur adjacent to each other with identical geology ... had a different nutrient status to that of fynbos soils. At three of these sites we measured ... and higher soil C:N ratios than the fynbos soils. Nonetheless, when compared across sites many forest ... status that was equivalent or lower than some fynbos soils. In addition, the forest soils at our ...
Tópico(s): Forest ecology and management
2014 - Elsevier BV | South African Journal of Botany
David C. Le Maître, Caroline Gelderblom, Luthando Maphasa, Sarel Yssel, Marjan van den Belt, Theo Manuel,
... determine what value was placed on the endemic fynbos vegetation by students from a range of socio- ... a questionnaire to assess their existing knowledge of fynbos; (b) a slide show; and (c) a second ... this information changed their perceptions and understanding of fynbos' benefits and values. Prior to the presentation, few ... any knowledge of the consumptive-use benefits of fynbos. Those from privileged backgrounds knew more about the non-consumptive use benefits of fynbos than the less privileged. Most students initially attached ...
Tópico(s): Outdoor and Experiential Education
1997 - Elsevier BV | Ecological Economics
Alistair Galloway, Patricia M. Holmes, Mirijam Gaertner, Karen J. Esler,
... have numerous impacts on native ecosystems in the Fynbos biome of South Africa. The severity of these ... the pines are felled. The recovery potential of fynbos after felling of pine plantations of varying longevity ... abiotic variables were sampled across three treatments (reference fynbos and sites that had been under pines for ... of individuals per unit area) to the reference fynbos areas. Conversely, areas previously under 50 year old ... form density and plant density than the reference fynbos and were dominated by alien species. In addition, ...
Tópico(s): Fire effects on ecosystems
2017 - Elsevier BV | South African Journal of Botany
Richard M. Cowling, M. Timm Hoffman,
It is hypothesized that in the Holocene dune fynbos-thicket mosaics of the Cape, decades-long absence ... results in closed-canopy thicket replacing more open fynbos shrublands. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing repeat ... change of four plant types, namely thicket shrubs, fynbos woody, fynbos herbaceous and grass. Coastal zone sites showed a ... and a significant decline in both grass and fynbos herbaceous cover. Fynbos woody cover declined in the face of thicket ... cover did increase marginally at the expense of fynbos woody plants. However, thicket invasion was restricted to ...
Tópico(s): Rangeland and Wildlife Management
2021 - Elsevier BV | South African Journal of Botany
... during winter in burnt and unburnt mesic mountain fynbos. Temperatures measured at 10, 20 and 40 mm ... high germination temperatures in L. cordifolium, in burnt fynbos, but not in unburnt fynbos. These temperatures in burnt fynbos prevailed especially during early winter. It was concluded ... die winter in gebrande en ongebrande mesiese berg-fynbos gemeet. Temperature wat op 10, 20 en 40- ... en hoë kiemingtemperature vir L. cordifolium, in gebrande fynbos, maar nie in ongebrande fynbos nie. Hierdie temperature ...
Tópico(s): Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
1987 - Elsevier BV | South African Journal of Botany
Dawood Hattas, William D. Stock, Wilfred T. Mabusela, Ivan R. Green,
... were investigated in leaves of subtropical grass and fynbos shrub species. The hypothesis tested was that carbon- ... was simulated in a microcosm experiment where three fynbos species were grown in open-top chambers at ... sands typical of south western coastal and mountain fynbos ecosystems. Results showed that polyphenolics and tannins did ... CO2 and only in Leucadendron laureolum among the fynbos species. Similarly, foliar nitrogen content of grasses was largely unaffected by elevated CO2, and among the fynbos species, only L. laureolum and Leucadendron xanthoconus showed ...
Tópico(s): Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
2005 - Elsevier BV | Global and Planetary Change
David Hoare, Janine E. Victor, R.A. Lubke,
Community structure and composition of the coastal fynbos and rocky headland plant communities south of George, southern Cape, were studied. Vegetation was analysed using standard sampling procedures of the floristic-sociological ... of the sampled vegetation was classified as coastal fynbos. The Leucadendron salignum-Tetraria cuspidata Fynbos Community was found to occupy sheltered habitats, whereas the Relhania calyci- na-Passerina vulgaris Fynbos Community was found in exposed habitats The other ...
Tópico(s): Plant Diversity and Evolution
2000 - AOSIS | Bothalia
Loïc Chalmandrier, Guy F. Midgley, Phoebe Barnard, Clélia Sirami,
... in many parts of the world. In the Fynbos plant diversity hotspot (Cape Floristic Region, South Africa), ... on plant responses. The effects of fire on Fynbos fauna are much more poorly understood, and have not generally been considered in depth in Fynbos conservation policies, planning or management. We assessed the ... vegetation structure and plant functional composition in 84 Fynbos plots burnt between two and 18 years before. ... functional composition, with a characteristic shift from non-Fynbos specialists and granivorous species to Fynbos specialists and ...
Tópico(s): Rangeland and Wildlife Management
2013 - Elsevier BV | Acta Oecologica
Benny Lemaire, S.B.M. Chimphango, C. H. Stirton, Mohamed Suhail Rafudeen, Olivier Honnay, Erik Smets, Wenming Chen, Janet I. Sprent, Euan K. James, A. Muthama Muasya,
... different spatial scales, from individual legumes in the fynbos (South Africa) to a global context, we analyzed ... specific distribution pattern was not detected in the fynbos region. In host range experiments, symbiotic promiscuity of ... B . phymatum STM815 T was discovered in selected fynbos species. Finally, a greenhouse experiment was undertaken to ... Podalyria calyptrata ) species to nodulate in South African (fynbos) and Malawian (savanna) soils. While the Burkholderia -philous fynbos legumes ( D . lignosus , I . filifolia , and P . calyptrata ) ...
Tópico(s): Nematode management and characterization studies
2016 - American Society for Microbiology | Applied and Environmental Microbiology