... to Germ Layers, Concrescence and Confluence, The Teleost Gastrula.
1900 - Gale Group | NCCO-STM 1of2
Mirit Snir, Rachel Ofir, Sarah Elias, Dale Frank,
... At blastula stages, FGF induces mesoderm, but at gastrula stages FGF regulates neuroectoderm formation. A Xenopus Oct3/ ... responsiveness to FGF is extended from blastula to gastrula stages. The initial expression of mesoderm and endoderm ... cells (reviewed by Kimelman et al, 1992). By gastrula stage, ectoderm cells lose mesoderm-inductive competence (Jones ... in all three germ layers at blastula to gastrula stages (Frank and Harland, 1992). It rises to peak expression levels during gastrula stages, the time when FGF competence shifts from ...
Tópico(s): Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
2006 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
Bruce P. Davidson, Patrick Tam,
... ingression and new germ layer formation) of the gastrula-stage embryo (Figure 1). Like the organizer of ... structure when transplanted onto the flank of another gastrula-stage mouse embryo. Most of the tissues in ... of morphogenetic molecules.Table 1Genetic activity in the gastrula organizer and axial mesodermaA compendium of the genetic ... organizer (the node and its predecessor – the early gastrula organizer, EGO) and its mesodermal derivatives in the ... organizer (the node and its predecessor – the early gastrula organizer, EGO) and its mesodermal derivatives in the ...
Tópico(s): Congenital heart defects research
2000 - Elsevier BV | Current Biology
Simon J. Kinder, Tania E. Tsang, Maki Wakamiya, Hiroshi Sasaki, Richard R. Behringer, András Nagy, Patrick Tam,
... population can therefore be regarded as the mid-gastrula organizer and, together with the early-gastrula organizer and the node, constitute the organizer of ... streak stage embryo reveals that although the early-gastrula organizer contains cells that give rise to the ... and the notochord are localized outside the early gastrula organizer. In the mid-gastrula organizer, early gastrula organizer derived cells that are fated for the ... from the epiblast previously anterior to the early gastrula organizer. Cells that are fated for the head ...
Tópico(s): Congenital heart defects research
2001 - The Company of Biologists | Development
... DNA is hypomethylated at blastula and remethylated at gastrula stages (lanes 7 and 8). In the ZD embryos, loss of methylation occurs later during gastrula (lanes 11 and 12) and neurula (lane 13) ... the levels of the enzyme are restored during gastrula and neural stages, due to the short half- ... blastula cleavages but the enzyme is reduced during gastrula and absent from neurula stages when the antisense ... and 10), but gradually lost DNA methylation during gastrula and neurula stages (Figure 1F, lanes 11 and ...
Tópico(s): Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
2001 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
Randall T. Moon, Jeffrey D. Brown, Julia Yang-Snyder, Jeffrey R. Miller,
... further demonstrate that Frzb is expressed in the gastrula organizer of Xenopus embryos, complementary to the horseshoe ... and appreciate why dissecting the workings of the gastrula organizer remains an intensive area of research many ... Wnt signaling, and understanding the functions of the gastrula organizer. A collaboration between two physicians, Malcolm Moos ... their search for new cDNAs enriched in the gastrula organizer of Xenopus. This highly productive fishing expedition ... to be expressed transiently during the blastula and gastrula stages in prospective ventral and lateral mesoderm, and ...
Tópico(s): Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
1997 - Cell Press | Cell
Maozhou Yang, Mary T. Murray, Markku Kurkinen,
... undetected in the blastula stage embryo, induced in gastrula embryo, expressed in neurula embryo, and then down- ... IV collagenase, which was also expressed in the gastrula, neurula, and pretailbud embryos. Expression of stromelysin-1, ... undetected in the blastula stage embryo, induced in gastrula embryo, expressed in neurula embryo, and then down- ... IV collagenase, which was also expressed in the gastrula, neurula, and pretailbud embryos. Expression of stromelysin-1, ... Interestingly, the XMMP gene is transiently expressed in gastrula and neurula stage embryos. In comparison, otherXenopus MMPs ...
Tópico(s): Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
1997 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
... localized to any specific region in the early gastrula stages, as determined by whole-mount in situ ... 0, egg; 9, blastula; 10.5, 12.5, gastrula; 19, neurula; 24, tailbud tadpole; 34, swimming tadpole. ( ... of xTAK1 and xTAB1 genes in the early gastrula stages. Whole-mount in situ hybridization shows that ... xTAB1 transcripts are uniformly distributed in the early gastrula stages. Views of the vegetal pole are shown ... Detection of xTAK1-induced cell death in early gastrula stages. Dorsal injection of xTAK1 mRNA (500 pg) ...
Tópico(s): Cancer-related gene regulation
1998 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
... precocious activation of HoxA7 expression at the early gastrula stage 10.5. However, the injection of as ... an RNase protection analysis gel carried out on gastrula stage 10.5 embryo (5 μg total RNA/ ... activation of Hox genes was examined in early gastrula embryos which have been injected with different concentrations ... the RNase protection analysis carried out on early gastrula stage 10.5 embryos that were injected with ... number of Hox genes carried out on early gastrula stage 10.5 embryos injected with different amounts ...
Tópico(s): Congenital heart defects research
1998 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
... transcription and triggers Notch signaling in the Xenopus gastrula Timo Wittenberger Timo Wittenberger Friedrich Miescher Laboratory, MPG, ... forming region of Xenopus embryos at the early gastrula stage (Hopwood et al., 1989; Steinbach et al., ... 1 mRNA induction by XMyoD at the mid-gastrula stage. Single- (A and B) or double-label ( ... in situ hybridization for XDelta-1 at mid-gastrula. Compared with uninjected siblings (Figure 1G), MyoD-expressing ... dose in pg/embryo), were lysed at mid-gastrula (12 hpf), and relative XDelta-1 mRNA levels ...
Tópico(s): Muscle Physiology and Disorders
1999 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
Osamu Nakamura, Tetsuro Matsuzawa,
... Holtfreter, J., 1938. Differenzierungspotenzen isolierter Teile der Urodelen-gastrula. Roux' Arch., 138, 522– 656. Kato, K., 1958. ... dorsal part of the blastoporal lip in Triturus-gastrula. I. Differentiation of mesodermal tissues in relation to ... dorsal part of the blastoporal lip in Triturus-gastrula. II On the differentiation of notochord. Ibid., 26, ... dorsal part of the blastoporal lip in Triturus-gastrula. III. Quantity of material in the notochordal differentiation. ... pieces taken from the dorsal lip of Triturus-gastrula. Ibid., 30, 29– 40. Kato, K., and T. ...
Tópico(s): Cephalopods and Marine Biology
1967 - Wiley | Embryologia
Sílvia Moreno, Marta Cukier, G.A. Guerrero, Marta Elena Fernández de Recondo, Eduardo Recondo,
... of Bufo arenarum at the stages of morula, gastrula, and neurula have been measured. The total amounts of purine nucleoside diphosphates decreased from morula to gastrula, but increased sharply from gastrula to neurula. The levels of ADP followed this ... immediately after fertilization, remained almost constant through morula, gastrula, and neurula. As with the purine nucleoside diphosphates, the adenine nucleotide decreased from morula to gastrula, and increased from gastrula to neurula. In contrast, ...
Tópico(s): Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
1976 - Elsevier BV | Carbohydrate Research
Roy Vaughn, Nancy Garnhart, James R. Garey, W. Kelley Thomas, Brian T. Livingston,
Abstract Background The gastrula stage represents the point in development at which the three primary germ layers diverge. At this point the gene ... two echinoderms, we have sequenced and characterized the gastrula transcriptome of O. wendtii . Methods Development of Ophiocoma ... was characterized and RNA was isolated from the gastrula stage. A transcriptome data base was generated from ... compare those transcripts to those expressed at the gastrula stage in other organisms. Results Using existing databases, ...
Tópico(s): Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
2012 - BioMed Central | EvoDevo
... au stade blastula, soit à la toute jeune gastrula; dès le moment où le blastopore présente la ... une transformation de l’ectoblaste de la jeune gastrula. Il nous faut à présent élucider le mécanisme ... le greffer sur la région ventrale d’une gastrula normale. En raison de l’irrégularité et de ... et greffée sur la région ventrale d’une gastrula (stade du blastopore en fer à cheval). Le ... de greffe hétéroplastique: ectoblaste centrifugé de Rana sur gastrula de Triturus helvéticas (Fig. 9 dans le texte) ... sensibles, la blastula avancée ou la très jeune gastrula. L’effet qui est ainsi obtenu est optimal ...
Tópico(s): Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
1953 - The Company of Biologists | Development
Kosuke Tanegashima, Hui Zhao, Igor B. Dawid,
... 14 000 genes in Xenopus laevis. At late gastrula, when CE is active, we dissected four regions ... analysis indicates that XWGEF expression begins at early gastrula stage and continues at a similar level through ... showed that XWGEF is expressed widely at the gastrula stage in animal and marginal regions (Figure 1C ... RT–PCR with RNA from dissected stage-10 gastrula: animal (A) and vegetal (Vg) regions, and ventral ( ... were dissected at stage 10, fixed at mid-gastrula stage and stained with anti-Flag antibody (G) ...
Tópico(s): Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
2008 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
Veronika Sander, Bruno Reversade, Edward M. De Robertis,
... A) Gsc marks Spemann organizer endomesoderm at early gastrula. (B) Gsc MO targets both pseudoalleles of the ... A–E) Gsc MO reduces Chd expression at gastrula 2.5-fold, whereas overexpression of mGsc mRNA ... induces Chd expression in UV-ventralized embryos at gastrula. (M–O) The rescue of head (Otx2) and ... itself—measured in samples from whole embryos at gastrula—was upregulated in Gsc-depleted embryos, in line ... Gsc, Chd, and Admp in animal caps at gastrula stage after Vent1/2 depletion. Download figure Download ...
Tópico(s): Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
2007 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
Mineko Kengaku, Harumasa Okamoto,
... bFGF) was capable of specifically and reproducibly inducing gastrula ectoderm cells to produce CNS neurons and melanophores ... never induced the formation of muscle cells from gastrula ectoderm cells even at concentrations as high as ... 8to 9-hour age; stage 9+ to 10) gastrula gave rise to CNS neurons, but yielded few ... melanophores was enhanced and peaked in 11-hour gastrula (stage ). The ability to form both neurons and melanophores was substantially reduced in 12.5-hour gastrula (stage ). By examining ectoderm cells from the ventral ...
Tópico(s): Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
1993 - The Company of Biologists | Development
Christoph P. Bagowski, Wen Xiong, James E. Ferrell,
... activated, JNK stays constitutively active until the early gastrula stage of embryogenesis. These findings suggest that the ... activated, JNK stays constitutively active until the early gastrula stage of embryogenesis. These findings suggest that the ... then decreased to basal levels at the early gastrula stage. In contrast, p42 MAPK activity fell before ... may play an important role in the pre-gastrula stage embryo. As described above (see Fig. 2), ... midblastula transition) and then falls at the early gastrula stage. The decline in JNK activity occurs shortly ...
Tópico(s): Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
2001 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
... of this, the RNA synthesized by the blocked gastrula hybridizes better with DNA of paternal type than ... The higher affinity of RNA from the hybrid gastrula for paternal DNA could be due to the ... less competitive against labeled RNA from gastrulae than gastrula RNA itself. Transcription of the genome is therefore ... of the paternal genome is concerned. The hybrid gastrula was shown to synthesize more RNA molecules of A. lixula type than does the normal gastrula of this species, whereas RNA of P. lividus ...
Tópico(s): Plant Reproductive Biology
1970 - Wiley | European Journal of Biochemistry
Demian Koop, Nicholas D. Holland, Marie Sémon, Susana Álvarez, Ángel R. de Lera, Vincent Laudet, Linda Z. Holland, Michael Schubert,
... shown that retinoic acid (RA) signaling at the gastrula stage strongly influences anterior–posterior (A–P) patterning ... on gene transcription and developmental patterning at the gastrula stage. To investigate the targets of RA signaling during the gastrula stage, we used the basal chordate amphioxus, in ... domains along the A–P axis during the gastrula and early neurula stage. Of these 42 genes, ... HNF3-1) are direct RA targets at the gastrula stage. From these results we conclude that in the amphioxus gastrula RA signaling primarily acts via regulation of Hox ...
Tópico(s): Retinal Development and Disorders
2009 - Elsevier BV | Developmental Biology
Takayuki Onai, Mami Matsuo‐Takasaki, H Inomata, Toshihiro Aramaki, Michiru Matsumura, Rieko Yakura, Noriaki Sasai, Yoshiki Sasai,
... the clear DV polarity found in the early gastrula embryo. In this study, we introduce the zinc- ... H, I, Vent2; J, K, Myf5) at the gastrula stage shown by in situ hybridization. Cont, control ... Chordin (Chd) and goosecoid (Gsc) in the early gastrula embryo (strong suppression in 92%, n=13 and ... the expression of Chd and Gsc at the gastrula stage (65%, n=23 and 52%, n=21, ... cell, four-cell stage; B, D, F, H) gastrula embryos. Vegetal view with the dorsal side up. ... roles in the dorsal specification of the early gastrula embryo (Heasman, 2006): the canonical Wnt pathway (Sokol ...
Tópico(s): Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
2007 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
Edward M. De Robertis, Tewis Bouwmeester,
... observation that a small region of the amphibian gastrula, the dorsal lip, when transplanted to an ectopic ... into a variety of cell differentiation pathways. The gastrula organizer has been reviewed in extenso recently (special ... Chordin and Noggin are antagonists secreted by the gastrula organizer, which both act by binding to members ... to the signaling pathways used by the vertebrate gastrula organizer. During head regeneration HyWnt is found as ... Martin Blum (Karlsruhe, Germany) explained how the rabbit gastrula, like those of humans and chicken, forms a ...
Tópico(s): Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
2001 - Springer Nature | EMBO Reports
... appear to be expressed differentially within the early gastrula organizer in the animal–vegetal and superficial–deep ... Xegr-1 gene transcription is maintained in advanced gastrula stage embryos, with weak expression also extending into ... stage 9.5, (A)] Xenopus embryos. In early gastrula (stage 10.25), Xegr-1-expressing cells are ... yolk plug [stage 10.75, (D)]. In advanced gastrula [stage 12.5, (E)], expression around the small ... stage 10.5) and advanced (stage 12.5) gastrula embryos. RT–PCR analysis of the temporal Xegr- ...
Tópico(s): Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
1998 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
... From a small number of explants of early gastrula dorsal lip into early gastrula ectoderm it was confirmed that, as Holtfreter has ... both series. The archenteron roof from the late gastrula also showed no deterioration in regional inducing powers ... out. Disaggregated dorsal lip tissue from an early gastrula was implanted into a ventral position in an early gastrula host It appeared to induce just as successfully ... that the complete organizer, even at the late gastrula stage, can differentiate normally itself, and can induce ...
Tópico(s): Cephalopods and Marine Biology
1953 - The Company of Biologists | Journal of Experimental Biology
... p. 497-521 Article The development of late gastrula explants of Rana pipiens in salt solution Henry ... 127. Emerson, H. S., 1941 The development of gastrula ectoderm in regenerating tissue of Rana pipiens larvae. ... Emerson, H. S., 1942 The development of late gastrula ectoderm in regenerating tissue of Rana pipiens larvae. ... 1943 Embryonic grafts in regenerating tissue. I. Late gastrula ectoderm of Rana pipiens with and without chordamesoderm. ... 343. Holtfreter, J., 1945 Neuralization and epidermization of gastrula ectoderm. J. Exp. Zool., vol. 98, pp. 161– ...
Tópico(s): Medicinal Plant Pharmacodynamics Research
1945 - Wiley | Journal of Experimental Zoology
... Article The distribution of dipeptidase in the salamander gastrula Grace E. Pickford, Grace E. Pickford Osborn Zoological ... Anaerobic glycolysis of the regions of the amphibian gastrula. Proc. R. Soc. London, ser. B, vol. 127, ... anaerobic glycolysis of the regions of the amphibian gastrula. Proc. R. Soc. London, ser. B, vol. 127, ... Respiratory rate of the regions of the amphibian gastrula. Proc. R. Soc. London, ser. B, vol. 127, ... Respiratory quotient of the regions of the amphibian gastrula. Proc. R. Soc. London, ser. B, vol. 127, ...
Tópico(s): Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
1943 - Wiley | Journal of Experimental Zoology
P. D. Nieuwkoop, S.J. S. J. VAN DER GRINTEN,
... Masui, Y., 1960b. Alteration of the differentiation of gastrula ectoderm under influence of Lithium Chloride. Mem. Könan ... Nieuwkoop, P. D., 1958. Neural competence of the gastrula ectoderm in Amblystoma mexicanum. Acta Embryol. et Morphol. ... dorsal lip of the blastopore of the Triturus gastrula. Proc. Japan Acad., 21, 342– 348. Sala, M., ... potency in the prechordal plate of the Triturus gastrula. Annot. Zool. Japon., 26, 202– 207. Tiedemann, H., ... differentiation of the isolated ectoderm of the Triturus gastrula induced through a protein extract. Embryologia, 1, 1– ...
Tópico(s): Neural dynamics and brain function
1961 - Wiley | Embryologia
Nicole M. Roy, Charles G. Sagerström,
... that this Fgf signal is required at early gastrula stages. This effect cannot be mimicked by morpholino ... in rhombomere 4 and in caudal mesoderm at gastrula stages. We propose that an Fgf signal is required in the early gastrula to initiate hindbrain gene expression and that this ... of Fgfs in patterning the hindbrain during late gastrula/early segmentation stages. We also find that blocking ... or Fgf signaling disrupts hindbrain gene expression at gastrula stages, suggesting that both pathways are essential at ...
Tópico(s): Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
2003 - Elsevier BV | Developmental Brain Research
Fiona C. Wardle, James C. Smith,
During blastula and gastrula stages of Xenopus development, cells become progressively and asynchronously committed to a particular germ layer. We have analysed the ... endoderm in individual cells from early and late gastrula embryos,by both in situ hybridization and single-cell RT-PCR. We show that at early gastrula stages, individual cells in the same region may ... observed at these stages. However, by the late gastrula stage, individual cells express markers that are more ... level the observation that cells of the early gastrula are less committed to one germ layer than ...
Tópico(s): Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
2004 - The Company of Biologists | Development
David Parry, Clare V. Logan, Alexander P.A. Stegmann, Zakia A. Abdelhamed, Alistair Calder, Shabana Khan, David T. Bonthron, Virginia Clowes, Eamonn Sheridan, Neeti Ghali, Albert E. Chudley, Angus Dobbie, Constance T. R. M. Stumpel, Colin A. Johnson,
... shown to be a determinant at the Xenopus gastrula organizer region and a segment-polarity determinant in ... shown to be a determinant at the Xenopus gastrula organizer region and a segment-polarity determinant in ... first identified as a determinant at the Xenopus gastrula organizer region (Spemann’s organizer) required for mesodermal ... is not an essential component of the mouse gastrula organizer but is required for craniofacial and rib ... is not an essential component of the mouse gastrula organizer but is required for craniofacial and rib ...
Tópico(s): Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
2013 - Elsevier BV | The American Journal of Human Genetics