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... With his hat and his… Strachan Asylum seekers Galp The Risk Broker Someone's got to doit ...
2001 - Gale Group | TDA
Xiaowan Feng, Hui Zhang, Phoency Lai, Zhiqiang Xiong, Lianzhong Ai,
... The results indicated that LPE-1 contained galactopyranose (Galp) and glucopyranose (Glcp) at a molar ratio of ... and O-6 position of terminal galactopyranose (T-Galp). The backbone of LPE-1 was identified to ... 11.38%) and 1,4,6-β-D-Galp (12.05%), branched by 1,6-β-D-Galp (38.88%) at O-6 position of 1,4,6-β-D-Galp residue and terminated by T-β-D-Galp (5.60%) or T-β-D-(4,6-Pyr)-Galp (8.90%). A possible structural unit was proposed ... image (56KB)Download : Download full-size image where Galp* is either T-β-D-(4,6-Pyr)- ...
Tópico(s): Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
2021 - Elsevier BV | International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Guijie Chen, Yixun Bai, Ziqi Zeng, Yujia Peng, Wangting Zhou, Wenbiao Shen, Xiaoxiong Zeng, Zhonghua Liu,
... of FBTPS-2-1 contained →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α- ... 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp-(1→ and →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→. The linkages of branches in FBTPS-2- ...
Tópico(s): Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
2021 - American Chemical Society | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Yan Zhou, Shengchao Wang, Weisheng Feng, Zhenling Zhang, Hongwei Li,
... chain of SDH-WA was →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→3,5)- ... The other two terminal sugar residues α-D-Galp-(1→ and →6)-β-D-Galp were linked to the end of the main ... D-GalpA-(1→. Three branched chains α-D-Galp-(1→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→3,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, and →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→ were linked ... 2 bond. Three terminal sugar residues α-D-Galp-(1→, α-L-Araf-(1→, and →6)-β-D-Galp were linked to the end of the chain. ...
Tópico(s): Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies
2021 - Elsevier BV | International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
M. Eugenia Giorgi, Rosana López, Rosalı́a Agusti, Carla Marino, Rosa M. de Lederkremer,
... the parasite from lysis by the anti α-Galp antibodies from serum. The TcTS is essential for ... specifically transfers it from a terminal β-d-Galp unit in the host glycoconjugate to terminal β-d-Galp units in the parasite mucins to construct the d-NeuNAc(α2→3)β-d-Galp motif. On the other hand, although galactose is ... trypomastigotes and the insect stage epimastigotes, α-d-Galp is only present in the infective stage whereas ... of the less virulent strains. Neither α-d-Galp nor d-Galf is acceptor of sialic acid. ...
Tópico(s): Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
2017 - Elsevier BV | Carbohydrate Research
Lindy Sergeant, Carla Rodriguez‐Dimitrescu, Christopher C. Barney, Gregory S. Fraley,
Galanin-Like Peptide (GALP) is a hypothalamic neuromediator of metabolism and reproduction. GALP is known to stimulate reproduction and alter food intake and ... of both energy intake and energy expenditure. Since GALP is known to alter food intake - possibly via the autonomic nervous system - we first hypothesized that GALP would increase metabolic rate. First, male Sprague-Dawley ... temperature transmitters. Following ICV injection with either 5nmol GALP or vehicle, the oxygen consumption of each rat ... and general motor activity were monitored for 24h. GALP significantly increased oxygen consumption, an indirect estimator of ...
Tópico(s): Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
2016 - Elsevier BV | Neuropeptides
Kazuo Itô, Haruaki Kageyama, Satoshi Hirako, Lihua Wang, Fumiko Takenoya, Tetsuro Ogawa, Seiji Shioda,
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a neuropeptide involved in energy metabolism. The interactive effect of GALP and exercise on energy metabolism has not been ... exercising mice could be promoted by intracerebroventricular (ICV) GALP administration. Changes in respiratory exchange ratio in response to GALP ICV administration indicated that lipids were primarily consumed ... permitted to spontaneously exercise on a running-wheel, GALP ICV administration increased the consumed oxygen volume and ... from the total running distance. The interaction between GALP ICV administration and spontaneous exercise decreased body weight ...
Tópico(s): Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
2013 - Elsevier BV | Peptides
Margaret A. Mohr, Emily Leathley, Gregory S. Fraley,
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a known mediator of metabolism and reproduction; however, the role that GALP plays in the onset of puberty is unknown. First, we tested the hypothesis that central GALP administration could rescue puberty in food-restricted weanling rats. GALP treatment in food-restricted rats of both sexes ... ad lib. fed controls. Second, we tested whether GALP translation knocked-down in ad lib. fed, prepubertal ... Third, we sought evidence that the role of GALP in pubertal onset is mediated by the kisspeptin ...
Tópico(s): Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
2012 - Wiley | Journal of Neuroendocrinology
Dietlind Adlercreutz, Joel T. Weadge, Bent O. Petersen, Jens Ø. Duus, Norman J. Dovic̀hi, Monica M. Palcic,
... physiologically important trihexosylceramides with a terminal alpha-d-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-d-Galp- and alpha-d-Galp-(1-->3)-beta-d-Galp sequence, respectively. In particular iGb3 is attracting considerable ... the formation of iGb3 from lactosylceramide and UDP-Galp. GTB is a retaining glycosyltransferase that in vivo catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-Galp donors to OH-3 of Galp on the H-antigen (alpha-l-Fucp-(1-->2)-beta-d-Galp) acceptor forming the blood group B antigen. GTB ... by NMR analysis clearly differentiated between the alpha-Galp-(1-->3)-Galp and alpha-Galp-(1-->4)- ...
Tópico(s): Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
2010 - Elsevier BV | Carbohydrate Research
Catherine B. Lawrence, Gregory S. Fraley,
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) was discovered in 1999 in the porcine hypothalamus and was found to be a 60 amino acid neuropeptide. GALP shares sequence homology to galanin (1–13) in ... activate, the three galanin receptor subtypes (GalR1–3). GALP-expressing cells are limited, and are mainly found ... of the hypothalamus (ARC) and the posterior pituitary. GALP-positive neurons in the ARC project to several ... reproduction, anatomical evidence that suggests a role for GALP in these physiological functions. In support of this ...
Tópico(s): Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
2010 - Elsevier BV | Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Shinya Takahata, Yaxin Yu, David J. Stillman,
... cell cycle (Figure 1A). Cells were synchronized by GALp∷CDC20 arrest and release, and samples were taken ... SBF recruits Rpd3(L) to promoters. (A) DY12794 (GALp∷CDC20 SWI4-Myc), DY12247 (GALp∷CDC20 SDS3-Myc) and DY6669-Cdc28-HA (GALp∷CDC20 YCp:KanMX:CDC28-HA) cells were synchronized ... release. CLN2 RNA measurements were from synchronized DY12752 (GALp∷CDC20 GCN5-Myc). (B) Swi4-Myc binding at ... CDC21 (MBF regulated) was assessed in DY12794 cells (GALp∷CDC20 SWI4-Myc) either in G1 (35 min ... arrested in G2 (0 min). (C) Strains DY12247 (GALp∷CDC20 SDS3-Myc) and DY12828 (GALp∷CDC20 SDS3- ...
Tópico(s): Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
2009 - Springer Nature | The EMBO Journal
Shai Kaplan, Anat Bren, E. Dekel, Uri Alon,
... of two of the gal operons, galETK and galP, peaks at intermediate levels of the signal cAMP. ... pumps that transport the sugar into the cell (galP, mglB genes) (Weickert and Adhya, 1993; Neidhart, 1996). ... of two of the gal promoters, galE and galP, peaked at intermediate levels of cAMP (Figure 1A ... monotonic two-dimensional input function of galE and galP in the wild-type background. The two axes ... B, E) In a ΔgalS background, galE and galP input functions are monotonic with an AND-like ... study, we used the reporters for the galETK, galP, galS and mglB promoters. To map the input ...
Tópico(s): Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
2008 - Springer Nature | Molecular Systems Biology
Yoshihisa Uenoyama, Hiroko Tsukamura, Masaomi Kinoshita, Shunji Yamada, Kazuya Iwata, Vutha Pheng, Somchai Sajapitak, M. Sakakibara, Tetsuya Ohtaki, Hirokazu Matsumoto, Kei‐ichiro Maeda,
Galanin-like peptide (GALP), a ligand for three types of galanin receptor, is reported to have a role in regulating luteinising hormone (LH) ... The present study was conducted to test whether GALP has a stimulatory role in regulating LH secretion ... The effect of i.c.v. infusion of GALP (5 nmol) on pulsatile LH release was investigated ... Imamichi female rats, i.c.v. infusion of GALP caused a gradual increase in LH release for ... to vehicle-treated controls. The stimulatory effect of GALP was oestrogen-dependent because the same GALP treatment ...
Tópico(s): Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
2008 - Wiley | Journal of Neuroendocrinology
Heather M. Dungan Lemko, Donald K. Clifton, Robert A. Steiner, Gregory S. Fraley,
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is expressed in the arcuate nucleus and is implicated in the neuroendocrine regulation of metabolism and reproduction. To investigate the physiological significance of GALP, we generated and characterized a strain of mice with a genetically targeted deletion in the GALP gene [GALP knockout (KO) mice]. We report that GALP KO mice have a subtle, but notable, metabolic ... becomes apparent during adaptation to changes in nutrition. GALP KO mice are indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) ...
Tópico(s): Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
2008 - American Physiological Society | AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism
Pui-Sin Man, Catherine B. Lawrence,
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a neuropeptide that has complex actions on energy balance, producing orexigenic effects in the short term in rats ... over the longer term in rats and mice. GALP is thought to promote feeding via neuropeptide Y ... unknown. However, the anorexic and febrile actions of GALP are similar in magnitude and profile to those ... hypothesis that IL-1 mediates the effects of GALP on energy balance. Intracerebroventricular injection of GALP (1.5 nmol) in male Sprague-Dawley rats ... meninges, and periventricular brain regions. Intracerebroventricular injection of GALP in rats stimulated food intake over 1 h ...
Tópico(s): Cardiovascular, Neuropeptides, and Oxidative Stress Research
2008 - Oxford University Press | Endocrinology
Andrew W. Taylor, Farrah N. Madison, Gregory S. Fraley,
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is located in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus and is known to regulate both food intake and ... male rats. We have previously demonstrated that ICV GALP administration elicits a significant fos response within the medial preoptic area (mPOA). GALP is known to stimulate both food intake and ... other labs have led us to suspect that GALP effects on sex behaviors are due to activation ... within the mPOA. To test the hypothesis that GALP activates mPOA dopaminergic systems, we utilized an immunolesion ...
Tópico(s): Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
2008 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
Nicholas Rich, P. Reyes, Leslie E. Reap, Ravinder Goswami, Gregory S. Fraley,
The hypothalamic neuropeptide, galanin-like peptide (GALP), is known to have an effect on energy expenditure and reproduction in adult male rats, but little work has been done on prepubertal rats. We hypothesized that hypothalamic GALP is involved in physiological changes associated with the ... hypothesis, we first determined the postnatal ontogeny of GALP gene expression via in situ hybridization of developing male and female rat pups through adulthood. GALP gene expression was not observed in either male ...
Tópico(s): Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
2007 - Elsevier BV | Physiology & Behavior
Rinko Kawagoe, Y. Yamamoto, Kazuyasu Kubo, Kazushige Dobashi, Kei Asayama, Yoichi Ueta, Akira Shirahata,
We examined the developmental change of GALP mRNA in male and female rat hypothalamus during postnatal day 1 to 60, using in situ hybridization histochemistry. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and ... are important in the regulation of food intake. GALP mRNA was first detected in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) on day 8. GALP mRNA was gradually increased between day 8 and ... day 40, there were no significant differences in GALP mRNA. In contrast to GALP, NPY and POMC mRNAs were detected in the ... day 60. There was no sexual dimorphism in GALP, NPY and POMC mRNAs during postnatal development. Next, ...
Tópico(s): Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
2007 - Elsevier BV | Regulatory Peptides
Pui-Sin Man, Catherine B. Lawrence,
Galanin‐like peptide (GALP) is a neuropeptide that is thought to act on the galanin receptors GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3. In rats, i.c.v. injection of GALP has dichotomous actions on energy balance, stimulating feeding ... an increase in core body temperature. In mice, GALP only induces an anorexic action, and its effects ... present study was to determine the effects of GALP on core body temperature in mice. Intracerebroventricular injection of GALP into conscious mice had no effect on feeding ... body temperature. To understand these different effects of GALP on energy balance in mice compared to rats, ...
Tópico(s): Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
2007 - Wiley | Journal of Neuroendocrinology
Yan Dong, Joanna P. Tyszkiewicz, Tung M. Fong,
Neuropeptides galanin and galanin-like peptide (GALP) share similar amino acid sequence and presumably interact with the same group of receptors, but they differentially regulate a variety of physiological ... the in vivo differential effect between galanin and GALP by examining galanin and GALP modulation of neuronal activities of neurons in the ... and reproductive function. We demonstrated that galanin and GALP inhibited excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents in a similar way. In contrast, galanin and GALP differentially affected the intrinsic membrane property. In most ...
Tópico(s): Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
2006 - American Physiological Society | Journal of Neurophysiology
Sabine Schmidhuber, Radmila Santic, C W Tam, Johann Bauer, Barbara Kofler, Susan D. Brain,
... we have investigated galanin and galanin-like peptide (GALP), a neuropeptide previously only considered to be involved ... vivo. Picomole amounts of intradermally injected galanin and GALP decreased cutaneous blood flow and inhibited inflammatory edema formation. Both the full-length GALP (1–60) and the putative smaller proteolytic fragment GALP (3–32) showed similar effects. These activities are ... the vessels. These results indicate functional activity of GALP in the periphery in vivo and suggest a ... we have investigated galanin and galanin-like peptide (GALP), a neuropeptide previously only considered to be involved ...
Tópico(s): Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
2006 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Michael Patterson, Kevin G. Murphy, Emily L. Thompson, K. L. Smith, Karim Meeran, M.A. Ghatei, Stephen R. Bloom,
Galanin‐like peptide (GALP) is a neuropeptide implicated in the regulation of feeding behaviour, metabolism and reproduction. GALP is an endogenous ligand of the galanin receptors, which are widely expressed in the hypothalamus. GALP is predominantly expressed in arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurones, ... area (mPOA). Intracerebroventricular or intraparaventricular (iPVN) injection of GALP acutely increases food intake in rats. The effect of GALP injection into the mPOA on feeding behaviour has ... the present study, intra‐mPOA (imPOA) injection of GALP potently increased 0–1‐h food intake in ...
Tópico(s): Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
2006 - Wiley | Journal of Neuroendocrinology
Roland Lang, Alexandra Berger, Radmila Santic, Roland Geisberger, Anton Hermann, Herbert Herzog, Barbara Kofler,
The hypothalamic galanin-like peptide (GALP) was isolated by its ability to activate galanin receptors. The mature porcine GALP is a 60-amino acid neuropeptide proteolytically processed ... the neuropeptide galanin. Within the sequence of human GALP (1-60) a potential proteolytic cleavage site between ... with the respective galanin receptors revealed that human GALP (1-60) displayed the highest affinity for the ... assays and functional studies showed that the human GALP (3-32) fragment was at least as potent ...
Tópico(s): Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
2005 - Elsevier BV | Neuropeptides
Hock-Meng Tan, Andrew L. Gundlach, Margaret J. Morris,
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a newly identified neuropeptide implicated in the regulation of metabolism and reproduction. GALP gene expression is decreased in the hypothalamus of ... and ob/ob mice, and central administration of GALP increases feeding in satiated rats. The effect of dietary obesity on GALP-induced feeding is unknown, so this study characterized the effects of central administration of GALP on feeding in a rat model of diet- ... 0.2 or 0.3 nmol doses of GALP in randomized order at least 48 h apart. ...
Tópico(s): Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
2005 - Elsevier BV | Neuropeptides
Angela G. Stoyanovitch, Marlie A. Johnson, Donald K. Clifton, Robert A. Steiner, Gregory S. Fraley,
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is regulated by leptin and insulin. Centrally administered GALP stimulates gonadotropin secretion and sexual behavior in the ... 1 diabetes is associated with reduced expression of GALP, as well as an overall decline in reproductive function. We postulated that tonic activity of GALP in the brain is required to sustain normal ... hypothesis, we examined whether central (intracerebroventricular) immunoblockade of GALP would reduce sexual behaviors and serum levels of ...
Tópico(s): Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
2005 - American Diabetes Association | Diabetes
S.W.A. Hinz, René Verhoef, Henk A. Schols, Jean‐Paul Vincken, Alphons G. J. Voragen,
... contained tetramers was treated with a β-d-Galp-(1→4)-specific galactosidase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis to ... consisted of the following two galactose tetramers: β-Galp-(1→4)-β-Galp-(1→4)-β-Galp-(1→4)-α/β-Galp-OH and β-Galp-(1→4)-β-Galp-(1→4)-β-Galp-(1→3)-α/β-Galp-OH. The fact ...
Tópico(s): Enzyme Production and Characterization
2005 - Elsevier BV | Carbohydrate Research
James A. Letts, Natisha L. Rose, Y. Fang, C.H. Barry, S.N. Borisova, Nina O.L. Seto, Monica M. Palcic, Stephen V. Evans,
... I (α-l-Fucp-(1→2)-β-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-d-GlcNAcp-OR, where R ... II (α-l-Fucp-(1→2)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-GlcNAcp-OR) H antigen ... I (α-l-Fucp-(1→2)-β-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-d-GlcNAcp-OR, where R ... II (α-l-Fucp-(1→2)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-GlcNAcp-OR) H antigen ... disaccharide α-l-Fucp-(1→2)-β-d-Galp-OR (where R is a glycoprotein or glycolipid). ... disaccharide α-l-Fucp-(1→2)-β-d-Galp-O(CH2)7CH3 (7Patenaude S.I. Seto N. ... antigen (α-l-Fucp-(1→2)-β-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-d-GlcNAcp-OR) and the ... antigen (α-l-Fucp-(1→2)-β-d-Galp-(1→4)-β-d-GlcNAcp-OR) (see Fig. ...
Tópico(s): Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
2005 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Haruaki Kageyama, Tomoyuki Kita, Koji Toshinai, Jian-Lian Guan, Yukari Date, Fumiko Takenoya, Sachi Kato, Hirokazu Matsumoto, Tetsuya Ohtaki, Masamitsu Nakazato, Seiji Shioda,
Abstract Galanin‐like peptide (GALP) is produced in neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and is implicated in the neural control of feeding behaviour. Previously, we have reported that GALP immunoreactive fibres were in direct contact with orexin/ ... rat lateral hypothalamus using double‐immunofluorescence. Centrally administered GALP is known to stimulate feeding behaviour. However, the ... present study aimed to determine features of the GALP‐mediated neuronal feeding pathway in rat. Accordingly, at ...
Tópico(s): Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
2005 - Wiley | Journal of Neuroendocrinology
Alexander S. Kauffman, Jennifer Buenzle, Gregory S. Fraley, Emilie F. Rissman,
Galanin-like peptide (GALP) has been implicated in the neuroendocrine regulation of both feeding and reproduction. In male rodents and primates, intracerebroventricular (icv) infusions of GALP stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) release, induce Fos expression ... intact and castrated male rats, icv administration of GALP also stimulates male sexual behavior. While the effects of GALP on male physiology and behavior are well documented, no studies have addressed such a role of GALP in females. We tested the effects of icv ...
Tópico(s): Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
2005 - Elsevier BV | Hormones and Behavior
M. J. Cunnningham, Stephanie M. Krasnow, Evelien Gevers, P. Chen, Christopher K. Thompson, Iain C. A. F. Robinson, M. Susan Smith, Donald K. Clifton, Robert A. Steiner,
Abstract Galanin‐like peptide (GALP) mRNA is expressed in neurones of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and within pituicytes in the neurohypophysis. Several neuropeptides that are ... objective was to determine the extent to which GALP might be a target for regulation by pituitary ... downstream targets in the rat. The expression of GALP mRNA in the arcuate nucleus was reduced by ... steroids because castrated, ovariectomized and adrenalectomized rats had GALP mRNA expression that was indistinguishable from their respective ...
Tópico(s): Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
2004 - Wiley | Journal of Neuroendocrinology