... of Mucor rouxii , morphogenesis was strongly dependent on hexose concentration as well as p CO 2 . At low levels of hexose or CO 2 , or both, hyphal development occurred; ... Other dimorphic strains of Mucor responded similarly to hexose and CO 2 but differred in their relative ... to these agents. Glucose was the most effective hexose in eliciting yeast development of M. rouxii ; fructose ... its entire dimorphic spectrum simply by manipulating the hexose concentration of the medium. Thus, at 0.01% ... CO 2 . The stimulation of yeast development by hexose is not an artifact due to increased production ...
Tópico(s): Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
1968 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Bacteriology
... plaque have been examined for total and extractable hexose. Total hexose was found to comprise almost 20 per cent ... wt. of the plaque. Approximately half of this hexose was extractable with water and alkali. After incubation ... cent dry wt. of the plaque estimated as hexose and again approximately half of this value represented extractable hexose. This loss of hexose on incubation was accompanied by the production of ... if not neutralized, partially inhibited the loss of hexose. These results indicate that dietary sugar can be ...
Tópico(s): Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
1969 - Elsevier BV | Archives of Oral Biology
1. The effect of hexoses and of the anions chloride, thiocyanate, and salicylate on the permeability of human red cells to [(14)C]erythritol has ... competes with glucose, mannose, and galactose for the hexose transfer system of the red cell membrane. Approximately ... erythritol influx was insensitive to the presence of hexoses or phloretin. Identical maximum degrees of inhibition were ... pathways, only one of which is sensitive to hexoses. Both hexose-sensitive and hexose-insensitive erythritol influx are well ...
Tópico(s): Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
1971 - Wiley | The Journal of Physiology
... of cycloheximide and cytochalasin B on hamster cell hexose uptake. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.), ... Derepression and carrier turnover: two distinct mechanisms of hexose transport regulation in animal cells. J. Cell. Physiol., ... C. Lawrence, Jr., and W. S. Lynn 1974b Hexose transport in isolated brown fat cells. A model ... sulfhydryl oxidation in the regulation of fat cell hexose transport by insulin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U. ... the thiol redox model for the regulation of hexose transport by insulin. J. Cell. Physiol., this Volume. ...
Tópico(s): Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
1976 - Wiley | Journal of Cellular Physiology
M Fontaine, Claude L. Malmendier,
VLDL and IDL contain a significant amount of hexose. The carbohydrate content of LDL apolipoprotein is compatible with the value reported by Ehnholm. The HDL hexose value is slightly higher than that given by Scanu. The hexose content of IDL and HDL is increased by ... serum lipid levels) causes a normalization of the hexose content both in type V and type III ... lipoproteins, those which contain the highest percentage of hexose. As both VLDL and LDL (derived essentially from VLDL through LDL) contain less hexose, the high hexose content of IDL may only ...
Tópico(s): Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
1975 - Elsevier BV | Clinica Chimica Acta
... used to study the influence of fasting on hexose transport.2. In the distal ileum the transport ... absorbing epithelium was altered by fasting. The increased hexose transport was accompanied by a reduced accumulation of hexose in the gut wall. In the proximal jejunum hexose transport was not stimulated by fasting.3. The ... in vitro experiments show the relative importance of hexose metabolism in providing energy for transport in different ... both fed and fasted animals. In conditions where hexose metabolism was reduced, e.g. by fluoride, the ...
Tópico(s): Digestive system and related health
1974 - Wiley | The Journal of Physiology
H. M. Kalckar, C W Christopher, Donna Ullrey,
... or D-glucosamine (both of which repress the hexose transport system) gave rise to a striking loss of the hexose transport system ("super-repression") when cycloheximide was also ... this low concentration contributed to an increase in hexose uptake such that it was substantially higher than ... when 3-O-methylglucose was used to measure hexose transport. Although cultures maintained in the presence of glucosamine exhibited a repressed hexose transport rate, they did not generate significant amounts ... of oxidative phosphorylation, promoted a derepressed state of hexose transport but did not stimulate the generation of ...
Tópico(s): Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
1979 - National Academy of Sciences | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
... tetraose. The obtained spectra support the following sequences: Hexose-1→3-hexosamine[4←1-deoxyhexose]-hexose-hexose ceramide for the Lea derivatives; deoxyhexose-hexose-1→3-hexosamine4←1-deoxyhexose]-hexose-hexose ceramide for the Leb derivatives; and deoxyhexose-hexose-1→3-hexosamine-hexose-hexose ceramide for all H-type 1 (LedH) derivatives. ...
Tópico(s): Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
1981 - Elsevier BV | Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Theodore C. Y. Lo, Vincent Duronio,
... results in two- to three-fold activation of hexose transport. The present communication reports the possible mechanism( ... s) is not sufficient to trigger activation of hexose transport; the immunoglobulin G (IgG) mediated dimerization of ... process. Although cytochalasin D has no effect on hexose transport in control and antibody-treated cells, pretreatment ... with this inhibitor prevents antibody-mediated activation of hexose transport. It may be inferred from this observation ... dimerization of membrane receptors. Since this activation of hexose transport is an irreversible process, it is possible ...
Tópico(s): Cellular transport and secretion
1984 - Canadian Science Publishing | Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Jos P. M. van Putten, H. M. J. Krans,
... system. Concomitantly, the stimulatory effect of insulin on hexose uptake almost completely disappeared. Addition of glucose to ... revealed that the glucose deprivation-induced increase in hexose uptake required protein synthesis as well as a ... to glucose deprivation that retarded the turnover of hexose transport activity. Taken together, these data indicate that ... the rate of degradation, internalization, or inactivation of hexose transporters while the increase in dGlc uptake requires ... dependent de novo synthesis, insertion, or activation of hexose transporters. Hexose competitively taken up with dGlc, including ...
Tópico(s): Pancreatic function and diabetes
1985 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
William D. Rees, Jørgen Gliemann, Geoffrey D. Holman,
We have re-examined hexose-transport inhibition by hexose isothiocyanates and find that the inhibition is incomplete, probably because of decomposition of the reagent. The inhibition type is ‘mixed’, because hexose-transporter ligands such as maltose and cytochalasin B ... from inhibition. This suggests that a liganded-transporter-hexose isothiocyanate ternary complex is formed. We have compared ... 2 -propylamine]) which gives specific labelling of the hexose transporter in band 4.5. [14C]MITC gives ... 5 labelling can only occur when the HITC (hexose isothiocyanate) binding protein in band 3 is proteolysed. ...
Tópico(s): Protein Structure and Dynamics
1987 - Portland Press | Biochemical Journal
Tony D’Amore, Theodore C. Y. Lo,
... have used to examine the properties of the hexose transport system in undifferentiated L6 rat myoblasts. These approaches include studying the kinetics of hexose transport in whole cells and plasma membrane vesicles, the effects of various inhibitors on hexose transport, the isolation and characterization of hexose transport mutants, and the use of cytochalasin B ( ... a higher binding affinity for the low affinity hexose transport system. The inhibitory effect of various hexose analogues also revealed the presence of two hexose ...
Tópico(s): Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
1986 - NRC Research Press | Biochemistry and Cell Biology
J. Peter Gogarten, Friedrich‐Wilhelm Bentrup,
The hexose carrier in the plasmalemma of a higher plant suspension cell (Chenopodium rubrum L.) catalyzes not only electrogenic proton/hexose symport, but also electroneutral exchange diffusion of hexoses. The transport process is studied mainly through short- ... and reliably detects small (>5%) changes of unidirectional hexose fluxes. The three driving forces for the electrogenic net uptake of hexose are the gradients of substrate (hexose), cosubstrate (H+) and the electric potential difference across ... trans stimulation of 3-OMG efflux by external hexose); however, an increase of the external H+ concentration ...
Tópico(s): Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
1989 - Elsevier BV | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
Tracy K. White, John E. Wilson,
... attached analog of ATP, and are eluted by hexose 6-phosphates competitive with nucleotide binding to the parent enzyme. Based on the ability of various hexoses and hexose 6-phosphates (and analogs) to protect against guanidine- ... concluded that both fragments contain discrete sites for hexoses and hexose 6-phosphates, with specificities resembling those seen for ... to the parent enzyme. Synergistic interactions between the hexose and hexose-6-P binding sites, previously seen with the ... N fragment. The existence of binding sites for hexoses and hexose 6-phosphates on both halves conflicts ...
Tópico(s): Biochemical and Molecular Research
1989 - Elsevier BV | Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
The uptake of hexoses in higher plant cells is thought to be catalyzed by an H + /hexose contrasporter in the plasma membrane. Transport studies with ... vacuoles indicate that, at the tonoplast, a second hexose transporter is located with properties different from the ... carriers. Concomitantly, a cDNA for the inducible H + /hexose cotransporter of the green alga Chlorella has been ... shown to exhibit homology to a group of hexose transporters (for facilitated diffusion) of other eukaryotic and ... sequence, the first plant gene for an H + /hexose contransporter ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) has been isolated, opening the ...
Tópico(s): Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
1991 - Wiley | Physiologia Plantarum
1. Rates of absorption of two hexose (d-glucose and d-galactose) and two pentose (d-xylose and d-arabinose) sugars were measured by in vivo perfusion, in jejunum, ... 14C-labelled, 10 mM) sugars, with either the hexoses preceding the pentoses or vice versa. 3. With all treatments, absorption rates of the hexoses were alike, as were those of the pentoses. Hexose absorption was twice as fast as pentose absorption ... ileum with both dietary pretreatments, whereas in caecum hexose and pentose rates were similarly high, except when ...
Tópico(s): Enzyme function and inhibition
1991 - Elsevier BV | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology
The currently accepted model of intestinal hexose transport (Fig. 1) has entry across the brush-border membrane (BBM) mediated by the sodium-dependent glucose-galactose transporter (SGLT1) and by ... facilitated fructose transporter GLUT5. Exit of all three hexoses across the basolateral membrane (BLM) into the blood ... by another facilitated transporter, GLUT2. The absorption of hexoses by the small intestine in mammalian omnivores is ... which has a safety factor to ensure that hexoses do not spill over into the colon. The ...
Tópico(s): Diet and metabolism studies
2002 - Wiley | The Journal of Physiology
Denis Rontein, Martine Dieuaide‐Noubhani, Érick J. Dufourc, Philippe Raymond, Dominique D. Rolin,
... stability. The numerous anabolic pathways, including starch synthesis, hexose accumulation, biosynthesis of wall polysaccharides, and amino and ... stability. The numerous anabolic pathways, including starch synthesis, hexose accumulation, biosynthesis of wall polysaccharides, and amino and ... yeast many genes encoding glycolytic enzymes (e.g. hexose kinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucose kinase, PK, and alcohol ... futile cycles (sucrose turnover and triose-P to hexose-P recycling) are high and stable. (ii) On ...
Tópico(s): Plant tissue culture and regeneration
2002 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Suzanne Kathryn Manning, Charles J. Woodrow, Felipe Zúñiga, P. Iserovich, Jorge Fischbarg, Abraham I. Louw, Sanjeev Krishna,
... options for this protozoan pathogen. PfHT1, the major hexose transporter of P. falciparum is a promising new ... Q169N) and helix VII (302SGL → AGT). Studies with hexose analogues in these mutants have established that hexose recognition and permeation are intimately linked to these ... compared with native PfHT1. To increase understanding of hexose permeation pathways in PfHT1, we have developed the ... V but is also adjacent to the main hexose permeation pathway, consistent with results from experiments mutating ...
Tópico(s): Vibrio bacteria research studies
2002 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Arvind Gill, Ningguo Gao, Mark A. Lehrman,
... eight enzymes and factors with key roles in hexose phosphate metabolism were assayed in cytoplasmic extracts from ... These data show that the UPR can modulate hexose metabolism in a manner beneficial for protein glycosylation. ... eight enzymes and factors with key roles in hexose phosphate metabolism were assayed in cytoplasmic extracts from ... These data show that the UPR can modulate hexose metabolism in a manner beneficial for protein glycosylation. ... No evidence was obtained for UPR activation of hexose transport or transferases involved in synthesis of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2- ...
Tópico(s): Transgenic Plants and Applications
2002 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
... the 5-carbon sugar, ribose 5-phosphate to hexose monophosphate, an observation that Seegmiller and I confirmed ... pentose phosphates formed would be metabolized back to hexose phosphates to start another cycle. Six turns of ... 5-carbon pentose phosphates to the 6-carbon hexose phosphates were completely unknown. What ensued was a ... condensation of two triose phosphates to form the hexose, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. The answer to both ... liver or yeast would catalyze the formation of hexose monophosphate from sedoheptulose monophosphate but only if triose ...
Tópico(s): Enzyme function and inhibition
2002 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Julie E. Ralton, Thomas Naderer, Helena L. Piraino, Tanya Bashtannyk, Judy M. Callaghan, Malcolm J. McConville,
... of each fraction was determined by GC-MS. Hexose kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were used ... 59: 265-274Crossref PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar). Hexose kinase was assayed in 75 mm triethanolamine/HCl ... and subsequent analyses (see below) showed that this hexose was associated exclusively with a family of mannan ... unchanged in LP and SP (∼ 10 nmol of hexose/108 cells) but increased 3-fold in LA (30 nmol of hexose/108 cells) (Fig. 1, A-C). In contrast, ... levels of LPG decreased from 16 nmol of hexose/108 cells in LP to 2 and <1 ...
Tópico(s): Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
2003 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Jörg Schwender, John B. Ohlrogge, Yair Shachar‐Hill,
... synthesize large quantities of triacylglycerol from sucrose and hexose. To understand the fluxes involved in this conversion, ... with net fluxes into end products. Cycling between hexose phosphate and triose phosphate and reversible transketolase velocity ... accounts for close to 10% of the total hexose influx into the embryo. Therefore, the reductant produced ... synthesize large quantities of triacylglycerol from sucrose and hexose. To understand the fluxes involved in this conversion, ... with net fluxes into end products. Cycling between hexose phosphate and triose phosphate and reversible transketolase velocity ...
Tópico(s): Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
2003 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Biological Chemistry
Aart J. E. van Bel, Paul H. Hess,
... Occasional abundance of reducing sugar species (such as hexoses) in sieve-tube sap has been discarded as ... This study, however, discloses a widespread occurrence of hexoses in the sieve-tube sap. Phloem exudation facilitated ... translocate >80% of carbohydrates in the form of hexoses. Representatives of other families also appear to translocate appreciable amounts of hexoses in the sieve tubes. Promoting effects of EDTA, ... enzymes, and sugar uptake by micro-organisms on hexose contents of phloem exudates were checked. The rate ...
Tópico(s): Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
2008 - Oxford University Press | Journal of Experimental Botany
... 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexose, 2DG) or antimycin (Ant). The length of the ... for maltose, two glucose sensors and about 17 hexose (Hxtp) carriers. Their designation has been based on ... glucose398, while a yeast in which all the hexose-carrier genes, HXT1 to HXT17, SNF3, RG2 and ... not transport or utilize glucose. Nearly all the hexose carriers were found to transport glucose, fructose, mannose ... galactose. Table 2, which summarizes information about the hexose carriers, shows that most of the work on ...
Tópico(s): Biotin and Related Studies
2008 - Wiley | Yeast
EDITORIAL FOCUSInsight into the "odd" hexose transporters GLUT3, GLUT5, and GLUT7Annette SchürmannAnnette SchürmannPublished Online:01 Aug 2008https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90406.2008This is the final ... fuel supply and function of spermatozoa even when hexose transport via one of the GLUT proteins is ... series of minireviews in this issue on facilitative hexose transporters summarizes earlier and recent developments defining the ... end of a meal when luminal concentrations of hexoses in the ileum are low (11). Comparison of ...
Tópico(s): Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
2008 - American Physiological Society | AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism
Patricia A. Fleming, Song-Zi Xie, Kathryn Napier, Todd J. McWhorter, Sue W. Nicolson,
... paired energetically-equivalent diets: a sucrose solution and hexose (1 : 1 mixture of glucose : fructose) solution over ... 4 All three species demonstrated a preference for hexose over sucrose when offered dilute diets, and sucrose ( ... differed in terms of when this switch from hexose to sucrose preference took place. Rainbow lorikeets (Psittacidae, c. 135 g body mass) demonstrated hexose preference for diets up to and including 0· ... diets. Red wattlebirds (Meliphagidae, c. 105 g) showed hexose preference on only the most dilute (0·075 ...
Tópico(s): Insect and Pesticide Research
2008 - Wiley | Functional Ecology
Olena G. Stasyk, Mykola Maidan, Oleh Stasyk, Patrick Van Dijck, Johan M. Thevelein, Andriy А. Sibirny,
... yeast Hansenula polymorpha (syn. Pichia angusta) a novel hexose transporter homologue gene, HXS1 (hexose sensor), involved in transcriptional regulation in response to hexoses, and a regular hexose carrier gene, HXT1 (hexose transporter). The Hxs1 protein exhibits the highest degree ... Rgt2. When heterologously overexpressed in an S. cerevisiae hexose transporter-less mutant, Hxt1, but not Hxs1, restores ... of Hxs1 is essential for its function in hexose sensing. Hxs1 is not required for glucose repression ...
Tópico(s): Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
2008 - American Society for Microbiology | Eukaryotic Cell
Tanya J. Little, Adithya Gopinath, E. Patel, Anna McGlone, Daniel J. Lassman, Mauro DʼAmato, John McLaughlin, David G. Thompson,
Background It is widely reported that hexose sugars slow gastric emptying (GE) via osmoreceptor stimulation but this remains uncertain. We evaluated the effects of a panel of hexoses of differing molecular structure, assessing the effects of ... CCK1 receptor, in the regulation of GE by hexoses. Methods Thirty one healthy non-obese male and ... individual reproducibility. Key Results At 250 mOsmol, a hexose-specific effect was apparent: tagatose slowed GE more ... intra-, individual differences. As osmolality increased further the hexose-specific differences were lost. At 500 mOsmol, all ...
Tópico(s): Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
2010 - Wiley | Neurogastroenterology & Motility
Gavin C. Conant, Kenneth H. Wolfe,
... Supplementary methods for details). Hypothesis 1B—distribution of hexose transporters Pritchard and Kell (2002) have shown that hexose transport is the major rate-limiting step in ... cerevisiae strain with very limited capacity to transport hexoses does not show a Crabtree effect and under ... have been observed to undergo spontaneous duplication of hexose transporters (Brown et al, 1998). This observation implies ... allow increased flux through glycolysis, it follows that hexose transport should occur at higher rates in the ...
Tópico(s): Biofuel production and bioconversion
2007 - Springer Nature | Molecular Systems Biology