Bealemlay Abebe Melake, Salie Mulat Endalew, Tamagnu Sintie Alamirew, Liku Muche Temesegen,
Metals and metalloids pollution of Ethiopian surface water is becoming an environmental issue. Bioaccumulation and Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BAF and BSAF) are used to quantify the bioaccumulation of contaminants from water and sediment to biota. The present study aimed to determine the BAF and BSAF of metals and metalloids in different surface waters of Ethiopia. Furthermore, the ecological and human health risks were also examined. Generally, 902 peer-reviewed papers from 2005 to 2022 ...
Tópico(s): Mercury impact and mitigation studies
2023 - SAGE Publishing | Environmental Health Insights
Helen Kiarie, Marleen Temmerman, Nyamai Mutono, Nzisa Liku, Wangari Thuo, Violet Oramisi, Lilly Nyaga, Janette Karimi, Phidelis Wamalwa, Gladwell Gatheca, Valerian Mwenda, Loice Achieng Ombajo, Samuel M. Thumbi, Leonard Cosmas, Gladwell Gatheca, James Kiarie, Khaing Soe, Oliver Munyao, Zipporah Gathiti, Lucy Maina, Adano Godana, Rose Muthee, Brian Onyango, Chirchir Langat, Claudine Wangari, Christine Sadia, Joyce Onyango, Davies Kimanga, Mary Nyangasi, David Otieno, Peter Kamau, Samuel Cheburet, Kibet Sergon, Shikoh Gitau, Leonard Cosmas, Gladwell Gatheca, James Kiarie, Khaing Soe, Oliver Munyao, Zipporah Gathiti, Lucy Maina, Adano Godana, Rose Muthee, Brian Onyango, Chirchir Langat, Claudine Wangari, Christine Sadia, Joyce Onyango, Davies Kimanga, Mary Nyangasi, David Otieno, Peter Kamau, Samuel Cheburet, Kibet Sergon, Shikoh Gitau,
Public health emergencies can disrupt the provision of and access to essential health-care services, exacerbating health crises. We aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on essential health-care services in Kenya.Using county-level data routinely collected from the health information system from health facilities across the country, we used a robust mixed-effect model to examine changes in 17 indicators of essential health services across four periods: the pre-pandemic period (from ...
Tópico(s): COVID-19 epidemiological studies
2022 - Elsevier BV | The Lancet Global Health
Ashenafi Berhanu, Dechasa Adare Mengistu, Liku Muche Temesgen, Salie Mulat, Gebisa Dirirsa, Fekade Ketema Alemu, Adane Ermias Mangasha, Tesfaye Gobena, Abraham Geremew,
Background Hand washing with soap and water reduces the risk of diarrheal episode by 28–48% and acute respiratory infection by 20–50%. However, there is limited evidence on hand washing practices among students in Eastern Ethiopia, particularly in Harari town. Therefore, this study aimed to determine hand washing practice among primary school students and associated factors in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was applied among 670 students in Harar ...
Tópico(s): Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
2022 - Frontiers Media | Frontiers in Public Health
Rhoda Kabuti, Emily Nyariki, Hellen Babu, Ibrahim Lwingi, Jennifer Liku, Zaina Jama, Mary Kungu, Polly Ngurukiri, Daisy Oside, Agnes Atieno, Agnes Watata, Demitila Gwala, Ruth Kamene, Mary Akinyi, Faith Njau, Chrispo Nyamweya, Pooja Shah, Monica Okumu, Helen A. Weiss, Rupert Kaul, Tara Beattie, Joshua Kimani, Janet Seeley,
In Kenya sex work is illegal and those engaged in the trade are stigmatized and marginalized. We explored how female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya, utilize different resources to navigate the negative consequences of the work they do.Qualitative data were collected in October 2019 from 40 FSWs who were randomly sampled from 1003 women enrolled in the Maisha Fiti study, a 3-year longitudinal mixed-methods study exploring the relationship between HIV risk and violence and mental health. All interviews ...
Tópico(s): HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
2022 - BioMed Central | BMC Public Health
Mohamed I. M. Ahmed, Liku B. Tezera, Paul Elkington, Alasdair Leslie,
By attenuating T-cell activation, immune checkpoints (ICs) limit optimal anti-tumour responses and IC inhibition (ICI) has emerged as a new therapy for a broad range of cancers. T-cell responses are indispensable to tuberculosis (TB) immunity in humans. However, boosting T-cell immunity in cancer patients by blocking the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis can trigger re-activation of latent TB. This phenomenon appears to contradict the prevailing thought that enhancing ...
Tópico(s): Immune cells in cancer
2022 - European Respiratory Society | European Respiratory Journal
Paul Ogongo, Liku B. Tezera, Amanda Ardain, Shepherd Nhamoyebonde, Duran Ramsuran, Alveera Singh, Abigail Ngoepe, Farina Karim, Taryn Naidoo, Karim Khan, Kaylesh J Dullabh, Michael Fehlings, Boon Heng Lee, Alessandra Nardin, Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn, Alessandro Sette, Samuel M. Behar, Adrie J. C. Steyn, Rajhmun Madansein, Henrik N. Kløverpris, Paul Elkington, Alasdair Leslie,
T cell immunity is essential for the control of tuberculosis (TB), an important disease of the lung, and is generally studied in humans using peripheral blood cells. Mounting evidence, however, indicates that tissue-resident memory T cells (Trms) are superior at controlling many pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), and can be quite different from those in circulation. Using freshly resected lung tissue, from individuals with active or previous TB, we identified distinct ...
Tópico(s): Immune Cell Function and Interaction
2021 - American Society for Clinical Investigation | Journal of Clinical Investigation
Michaela T. Reichmann, Liku B. Tezera, Andrés F. Vallejo, Milica Vukmirovic, Rui Xiao, James B. Reynolds, Sanjay Jogai, Susan Wilson, Ben G. Marshall, Mark G. Jones, Alasdair Leslie, Jeanine D’Armiento, Naftali Kaminski, Marta E. Polak, Paul Elkington,
Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent global pandemic, and standard treatment for it has not changed for 30 years. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has undergone prolonged coevolution with humans, and patients can control Mtb even after extensive infection, demonstrating the fine balance between protective and pathological host responses within infected granulomas. We hypothesized that whole transcriptome analysis of human TB granulomas isolated by laser capture microdissection could identify therapeutic ...
Tópico(s): Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
2021 - American Society for Clinical Investigation | Journal of Clinical Investigation
Liku B. Tezera, Magdalena K. Bielecka, Paul Ogongo, Naomi F. Walker, Matthew Ellis, Diana J. Garay‐Baquero, Kristian Thomas, Michaela T. Reichmann, David A. Johnston, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Mohamed I. M. Ahmed, Sanjay Jogai, Suwan N. Jayasinghe, Robert J. Wilkinson, Salah Mansour, Gareth J. Thomas, Christian H. Ottensmeier, Alasdair Leslie, Paul Elkington,
Previously, we developed a 3-dimensional cell culture model of human tuberculosis (TB) and demonstrated its potential to interrogate the host-pathogen interaction (Tezera et al., 2017a). Here, we use the model to investigate mechanisms whereby immune checkpoint therapy for cancer paradoxically activates TB infection. In patients, PD-1 is expressed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected lung tissue but is absent in areas of immunopathology. In the microsphere model, PD-1 ligands are up-regulated ...
Tópico(s): Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
2020 - eLife Sciences Publications Ltd | eLife
Diana J. Garay‐Baquero, Cory White, Naomi F. Walker, Marc Tebruegge, Hannah F. Schiff, César Ugarte‐Gil, Stephen Morris‐Jones, Ben G. Marshall, Antigoni Manousopoulou, John Adamson, Andrés F. Vallejo, Magdalena K. Bielecka, Robert J. Wilkinson, Liku B. Tezera, Christopher H. Woelk, Spiros D. Garbis, Paul Elkington,
BACKGROUND. Tuberculosis (TB) kills more people than any other infection, and new diagnostic tests to identify active cases are required. We aimed to discover and verify novel markers for TB in nondepleted plasma.
Tópico(s): Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
2020 - American Society for Clinical Investigation | JCI Insight
Qifang Lin, Shuangxia Niu, Fengbin Cai, W. N. Fu, Liku Shang,
This paper proposes a novel direct-drive dual-PM motor for electric automatic guided vehicles (AGV). The proposed motor has split teeth on stator and dual PMs in stator and rotor sides, which contributes to reduced torque ripple, and enhanced torque. The airgap field of the proposed motor is analyzed theoretically, and the slot/pole selection guide line is concluded. The simulation results of the airgap flux density are shown and Fourier Transformation (FFT) analysis results agree well with the theoretically ...
Tópico(s): Wireless Power Transfer Systems
2020 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
Ian Njeru, David Kareko, Ngina Kisangau, Daniel Langat, Nzisa Liku, George Owiso, Samantha Dolan, Peter Rabinowitz, Daniel Macharia, Chinyere Ekechi, Marc‐Alain Widdowson,
Effective public health surveillance systems are crucial for early detection and response to outbreaks. In 2016, Kenya transitioned its surveillance system from a standalone web-based surveillance system to the more sustainable and integrated District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2). As part of Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) initiatives in Kenya, training on use of the new system was conducted among surveillance officers. We evaluated the surveillance indicators during the transition period ...
Tópico(s): Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
2020 - BioMed Central | BMC Public Health
Liku B. Tezera, Salah Mansour, Paul Elkington,
Tuberculosis is unfortunately once again killing more people than any other infection.Despite global biomedical and public health efforts, standard interventions to control the pandemic have not advanced in most resource-poor settings, in contrast to other global diseases such as malaria and HIV infection.The authors propose that reconsidering concepts of the optimal host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required to develop a paradigm that will inform novel interventions.The development ...
Tópico(s): vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
2019 - American Thoracic Society | American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Liku Workalemahu Habtemariam, Lise Herslund, Patience Mguni,
The Literature on cities in the Global North places champions at the centre of transitions in the water sector. But what makes a champion in a city of the Global South like Addis Ababa where the capacity and level of coordination is low? In this article, a case study based on different action research activities including workshops, training, plan making as well as interviews, was conducted to identify the conditions that makes a champion and to highlight the challenges and opportunities for fostering ...
Tópico(s): Water resources management and optimization
2018 - Elsevier BV | Sustainable Cities and Society
Veronica Muthee, Aaron F. Bochner, Allison Osterman, Nzisa Liku, Willis Akhwale, James Kwach, Mehta Prachi, Joyce Wamicwe, Jacob Odhiambo, Fredrick Onyango, Nancy Puttkammer,
Routine Data Quality Assessments (RDQAs) were developed to measure and improve facility-level electronic medical record (EMR) data quality. We assessed if RDQAs were associated with improvements in data quality in KenyaEMR, an HIV care and treatment EMR used at 341 facilities in Kenya.RDQAs assess data quality by comparing information recorded in paper records to KenyaEMR. RDQAs are conducted during a one-day site visit, where approximately 100 records are randomly selected and 24 data elements are ...
Tópico(s): Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
2018 - Public Library of Science | PLoS ONE
Naomi F. Walker, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Graeme Meintjes, Liku B. Tezera, René Goliath, Janique M Peyper, Rebecca Tadokera, Charles Opondo, Anna K. Coussens, Robert J. Wilkinson, Jon S. Friedland, Paul Elkington,
Extensive immunopathology occurs in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/tuberculosis (TB) coinfection, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well-defined. Excessive matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is emerging as a key process but has not been systematically studied in HIV-associated TB.We performed a cross-sectional study of matrix turnover in HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected and -uninfected TB patients and controls, and a prospective cohort study of HIV-1-infected TB patients at risk of ...
Tópico(s): Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
2017 - Oxford University Press | Clinical Infectious Diseases
Lise Herslund, Antje Backhaus, Ole Fryd, Gertrud Jørgensen, Marina Bergen Jensen, Tatu Mtwangi Limbumba, Li Liu, Patience Mguni, Martha Mkupasi, Liku Workalemahu, Kumelachew Yeshitela,
In this paper we examine the conditions and opportunities for establishing a functional green infrastructure under the pressure of urbanization in Addis Ababa and Dar es Salaam. Inspired by transition theory, we look for regimes and niches which support retainment of green space and their adaptive capacity based on interviews and workshops with key urban stakeholders. A top-down master planning paradigm combined with a green institutional framework preoccupied with beautification seem to block possibilities ...
Tópico(s): Urban and Rural Development Challenges
2017 - Elsevier BV | Landscape and Urban Planning
Patience Brace, Liku B. Tezera, Magdalena K. Bielecka, Toby Mellows, Diana J. Garay‐Baquero, Shuye Tian, Lucinda Rand, Justin Green, Sanjay Jogai, Andrew J. Steele, Timothy M. Millar, Tilman Sanchez‐Elsner, Jon S. Friedland, Christopher G. Proud, Paul Elkington,
Tuberculosis remains a global pandemic and drives lung matrix destruction to transmit. Whilst pathways driving inflammatory responses in macrophages have been relatively well described, negative regulatory pathways are less well defined. We hypothesised that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) specifically targets negative regulatory pathways to augment immunopathology. Inhibition of signalling through the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway increased matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) gene expression and secretion, ...
Tópico(s): Quinazolinone synthesis and applications
2017 - Public Library of Science | PLoS Pathogens
Liku B. Tezera, Magdalena K. Bielecka, Andrew Chancellor, Michaela T. Reichmann, Basim R. Al Shammari, Patience Brace, Alex Batty, Annie Tocheva, Sanjay Jogai, Ben G. Marshall, Marc Tebruegge, Suwan N. Jayasinghe, Salah Mansour, Paul Elkington,
Cell biology differs between traditional cell culture and 3-dimensional (3-D) systems, and is modulated by the extracellular matrix. Experimentation in 3-D presents challenges, especially with virulent pathogens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills more humans than any other infection and is characterised by a spatially organised immune response and extracellular matrix remodelling. We developed a 3-D system incorporating virulent mycobacteria, primary human blood mononuclear cells and collagen- ...
Tópico(s): Immune cells in cancer
2017 - eLife Sciences Publications Ltd | eLife
Andrew Chancellor, Anna S. Tocheva, Chris Cave-Ayland, Liku B. Tezera, Andrew White, Juma’a R. Al Dulayymi, John S. Bridgeman, Ivo Tews, Susan Wilson, Nikolai M. Lissin, Marc Tebruegge, Ben G. Marshall, Sally Sharpe, Tim Elliott, Chris‐Kriton Skylaris, Jonathan W. Essex, Mark S. Baird, Stephan D. Gadola, Paul Elkington, Salah Mansour,
Significance Tuberculosis is a major global pandemic responsible for more deaths than any other infectious disease, yet no effective vaccine exists. Here, we demonstrate CD1b expression within human tuberculous granulomas, supporting a role for CD1b lipid antigen presentation in host immunity to infection. CD1b presents mycolates, the dominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell wall lipid class and key virulence factors, to αβ T cells. We reveal that mycolate tail moieties, distal to the head ...
Tópico(s): T-cell and B-cell Immunology
2017 - National Academy of Sciences | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Magdalena K. Bielecka, Liku B. Tezera, Robert Zmijan, Francis Drobniewski, Xunli Zhang, Suwan N. Jayasinghe, Paul Elkington,
ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance presents one of the most significant threats to human health, with the emergence of totally drug-resistant organisms. We have combined bioengineering, genetically modified bacteria, longitudinal readouts, and fluidics to develop a transformative platform to address the drug development bottleneck, utilizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the model organism. We generated microspheres incorporating virulent reporter bacilli, primary human cells, and an extracellular ...
Tópico(s): Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
2017 - American Society for Microbiology | mBio
Moerida Belton, Sara Brilha, Roido Manavaki, Francesco Mauri, K. S. Nijran, Young T. Hong, Neva Patel, Marcin Dembek, Liku B. Tezera, Justin Green, Rachel Moores, Franklin I. Aigbirhio, Adil Al‐Nahhas, Tim D. Fryer, Paul Elkington, Jon S. Friedland,
Background It is unknown whether lesions in human TB are hypoxic or whether this influences disease pathology. Human TB is characterised by extensive lung destruction driven by host matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly collagenases such as matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Methods We investigated tissue hypoxia in five patients with PET imaging using the tracer [ 18 F]-fluoromisonidazole ([ 18 F]FMISO) and by immunohistochemistry. We studied the regulation of MMP secretion in primary human cell culture ...
Tópico(s): RNA modifications and cancer
2016 - BMJ | Thorax
Alison R Hill, Jessica Donaldson, Cornelia Blume, Natalie P. Smithers, Liku B. Tezera, Kamran Tariq, Patrick Dennison, Hitasha Rupani, Matthew Edwards, Peter Howarth, Christopher Grainge, Donna E. Davies, Emily J. Swindle,
The bronchial epithelium and underlying fibroblasts form an epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) which controls the airway microenvironment. We hypothesized that cell-cell communication within the EMTU propagates and amplifies the innate immune response to respiratory viral infections.EMTU co-culture models incorporating polarized (16HBE14o-) or differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and fibroblasts were challenged with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or rhinovirus.In the ...
Tópico(s): IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
2016 - Taylor & Francis | Tissue Barriers
Tarangini Sathyamoorthy, Gurjinder Sandhu, Liku B. Tezera, Richard Thomas, Akul Singhania, Christopher H. Woelk, Borislav D. Dimitrov, Dan Agranoff, Carlton A. Evans, Jon S. Friedland, Paul Elkington,
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health pandemic and greater understanding of underlying pathogenesis is required to develop novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are emerging as key effectors of tissue destruction in TB but have not been comprehensively studied in plasma, nor have gender differences been investigated. We measured the plasma concentrations of MMPs in a carefully characterised, prospectively recruited clinical cohort of 380 individuals. The ...
Tópico(s): Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
2015 - Public Library of Science | PLoS ONE
Basim R. Al Shammari, Takayuki Shiomi, Liku B. Tezera, Magdalena K. Bielecka, Victoria L. Workman, Tarangini Sathyamoorthy, Francesco Mauri, Suwan N. Jayasinghe, Brian D. Robertson, Jeanine D’Armiento, Jon S. Friedland, Paul Elkington,
A central tenet of tuberculosis pathogenesis is that caseous necrosis leads to extracellular matrix destruction and bacterial transmission. We reconsider the underlying mechanism of tuberculosis pathology and demonstrate that collagen destruction may be a critical initial event, causing caseous necrosis as opposed to resulting from it. In human tuberculosis granulomas, regions of extracellular matrix destruction map to areas of caseous necrosis. In mice, transgenic expression of human matrix metalloproteinase ...
Tópico(s): Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
2015 - Oxford University Press | The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Ong C, Paul Elkington, Sara Brilha, César Ugarte‐Gil, Maite Tome, Liku B. Tezera, Przemyslaw J. Pabisiak, Rachel Moores, Tarangini Sathyamoorthy, Vimal Patel, Robert H. Gilman, Joanna C. Porter, Jon S. Friedland,
Pulmonary cavities, the hallmark of tuberculosis (TB), are characterized by high mycobacterial load and perpetuate the spread of M. tuberculosis. The mechanism of matrix destruction resulting in cavitation is not well defined. Neutrophils are emerging as key mediators of TB immunopathology and their influx are associated with poor outcomes. We investigated neutrophil-dependent mechanisms involved in TB-associated matrix destruction using a cellular model, a cohort of 108 patients, and in separate ...
Tópico(s): Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
2015 - Public Library of Science | PLoS Pathogens
Tarangini Sathyamoorthy, Liku B. Tezera, Naomi F. Walker, Sara Brilha, Luísa Saraiva, Francesco Mauri, Robert J. Wilkinson, Jon S. Friedland, Paul Elkington,
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global pandemic and drug resistance is rising. Multicellular granuloma formation is the pathological hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP or MMP-14) is a collagenase that is key in leukocyte migration and collagen destruction. In patients with TB, induced sputum MT1-MMP mRNA levels were increased 5.1-fold compared with matched controls and correlated positively with extent of lung infiltration on chest radiographs ( ...
Tópico(s): Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
2015 - American Association of Immunologists | The Journal of Immunology
Victoria L. Workman, Liku B. Tezera, Paul Elkington, Suwan N. Jayasinghe,
A growing body of evidence suggests that studying cell biology in classical two‐dimensional formats, such as cell culture plasticware, results in misleading, non‐physiological findings. This paper describes the optimization of a microsphere‐based system permitting 3D cell culture incorporating physiological extracellular matrix components. Bio‐electrospraying, the most advanced method currently available, is used to produce microspheres containing THP‐1 cells as a model cell line. The bio‐electrospraying ...
Tópico(s): 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
2014 - Wiley | Advanced Functional Materials
Guido von Figura, Akihisa Fukuda, Nilotpal Roy, Muluye E. Liku, John P. Morris, Grace Kim, Holger A. Russ, Matthew A. Firpo, Sean J. Mulvihill, David W. Dawson, Jorge Ferrer, William F. Mueller, Anke Busch, Klemens J. Hertel, Matthias Hebrok,
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) develops through distinct precursor lesions, including pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN). However, genetic features resulting in IPMN-associated PDA (IPMN–PDA) versus PanIN-associated PDA (PanIN-PDA) are largely unknown. Here we find that loss of Brg1, a core subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes, cooperates with oncogenic Kras to form cystic neoplastic lesions that resemble human IPMN and ...
Tópico(s): Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
2014 - Nature Portfolio | Nature Cell Biology
César Ugarte‐Gil, Paul Elkington, Robert H. Gilman, Jorge Coronel, Liku B. Tezera, Antonio Bernabé‐Ortiz, Eduardo Gotuzzo, Jon S. Friedland, David Moore,
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) destroys lung tissues and this immunopathology is mediated in part by Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs). There are no data on the relationship between local tissue MMPs concentrations, anti-tuberculosis therapy and sputum conversion. Materials and Methods Induced sputum was collected from 68 TB patients and 69 controls in a cross-sectional study. MMPs concentrations were measured by Luminex array, TIMP concentrations by ELISA and were correlated with a disease severity ...
Tópico(s): Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
2013 - Public Library of Science | PLoS ONE
Jo Seddon, Victoria Kasprowicz, Naomi F. Walker, Ho Ming Yuen, Henry Sunpath, Liku B. Tezera, Graeme Meintjes, Robert J. Wilkinson, William R. Bishai, Jon S. Friedland, Paul Elkington,
Background. Tuberculosis is transmitted by patients with pulmonary disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) drive lung destruction in tuberculosis but the resulting matrix degradation products (MDPs) have not been studied. We investigate the hypothesis that MMP activity generates matrix turnover products as correlates of lung pathology. Methods. Induced sputum and plasma were collected prospectively from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis ...
Tópico(s): Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research
2013 - Oxford University Press | The Journal of Infectious Diseases