The introduction of combination chemotherapy for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCC) has resulted in substantial improvements in overall survival duration and in the chances of being alive and disease-free two to three years from diagnosis. Current trials in patients aged ≤70–75 provide average values for median survival duration and two years disease-free survival of about 14–16 months and 10–20%, respectively, for patients with limited stage disease. The corresponding figures for extensive ...
Tópico(s): Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
1986 - Springer Science+Business Media | Cancer treatment and research
Laurence T. Kell, José A. A. De Oliveira, André E. Punt, Murdoch K. McAllister, Sakari Kuikka,
Tópico(s): Marine and fisheries research
2006 - Elsevier BV | Developments in aquaculture and fisheries science
Tópico(s): Education Systems and Policy
1996 - John Benjamins Publishing Company | Studies in written language and literacy
Brian Kell, Willem‐Jan van Hoeve,
We investigate the application of multivalued decision diagrams (MDDs) to multidimensional bin packing problems. In these problems, each bin has a multidimensional capacity and each item has an associated multidimensional size. We develop several MDD representations for this problem, and explore different MDD construction methods including a new heuristic-driven depth-first compilation scheme. We also derive MDD restrictions and relaxations, using a novel application of a clustering algorithm to ...
Tópico(s): Assembly Line Balancing Optimization
2013 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
Douglas B. Kell, Christopher L. Davey,
Abstract The idea that (changes in) the electrical conductivity or impedance of a biological (or other) system may be used to sense biological activity goes back to the previous century (1). Notwithstanding, and despite many spectacular successes which include the discovery of the molecular thickness of biological membranes and the voltagegated conductivity of nerve axons, the generalized impedimetric approach (‘impedance or admittance spectroscopy’) remains astonishingly underexploited. Thus, Campbell ...
Tópico(s): Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
1990 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Biosensors
Tópico(s): Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy
2000 - John Benjamins Publishing Company | Studies in written language and literacy
Changes in regional precipitation patterns will directly impact soil and foliage water status, resulting in physiological modifications in trees that can affect carbon assimilation rates (Briggs et al. 1986; Teskey et al. 1986; Ni and Pallardy 1992). Decreasing water potentials in the root and/or foliage can affect the carbon assimilation by adjusting stomatal conductance (Hinckley et al. 1978a; Epron and Dreyer 1993; Lowenstein and Pallardy 1998) or possibly by directly impacting the biochemical ...
Tópico(s): Plant responses to water stress
2003 - Springer Nature | Ecological studies
Philippe Bidinger, Alan Schmitt, Jean‐Bernard Stefani,
The Kell Calculus is a family of process calculi intended as a basis for studying distributed component-based programming. This paper presents an abstract machine for an instance of this calculus, a proof of its correctness, and a prototype OCaml implementation. The main originality of our abstract machine is that it does not mandate a particular physical configuration (e.g. mapping of localities to physical sites), and it is independent of any supporting network services. This allows to separate ...
Tópico(s): Logic, programming, and type systems
2005 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
Douglas B. Kell, G. Duncan Hitchens,
It is now well known that the role of a universal chemical energy currency in living cells is played by the so-called high-energy compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP), whose endergonic synthesis from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (ΔG0' = + 31 kJ mol-1) permits the cell to store free energy in a kinetically stable chemical form. One source of the free energy necessary to drive this reaction lies in processes such as oxidative metabolism or photosynthetic electron flow, and the overall ...
Tópico(s): Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
1983 - Springer Nature | Proceedings in life sciences
The \(\bar p\) accumulation scenario proposed at Fermilab involves precooling at p production energy (4.5 GeV) and deceleration to freezer ring energy (200 MeV). This required a large factor (≳ 125) of momentum cooling. Optimization of cooling with these constraints has led to the conception of a new possible method of momentum cooling, which does not require a stub filter. The system operates in a “good mixing” regime. Cooling proceeds simultaneously with deceleration from freezer energy. We present a detailed ...
Tópico(s): Superconducting Materials and Applications
1980 - Birkhäuser | EXS
Richard L. Sloane, Teddie Rex Kell,
Tópico(s): Tribology and Wear Analysis
1966 - Cambridge University Press | Clays and Clay Minerals
Pedro Mendes, Douglas B. Kell, G. Rickey Welch,
The intracellular milieu is not a simple, homogeneous, aqueous state: protein concentration is high in eukaryotes, and even higher in prokaryotes and in organelles such as mitochondria, and membrane surfaces are clearly abundant. Evidence gathered with various techniques indicates that the cellular water does not have the same properties as water in dilute aqueous solutions. These findings support the view that classical enzymological studies may not provide sufficiently relevant information for ...
Tópico(s): Ion channel regulation and function
1995 - Elsevier BV | Advances in molecular and cell biology
Bernadette Vine, Susan Kell, Meredith Marra, Janet Holmes,
Drawing on recorded workplace meetings of Maori and Pakeha women in one New Zealand government department, this paper illustrates some of the complexities of boundary-marking humor. In particular, we analyse examples where the humor illuminates some of the tensions experienced by less powerful groups working within the institutional parameters or frameworks of more dominant groups or sources of influence. The relevant in-group shifts and the humor may correspondingly orient to boundaries dividing ...
Tópico(s): Humor Studies and Applications
2009 - John Benjamins Publishing Company | Pragmatics & beyond. New series
Patrick C. Kyllonen, Harrison J. Kell,
General fluid intelligence (Gf) is the ability used in inductive and deductive reasoning, particularly with novel material. It can be contrasted with general crystallized ability (Gc) which reflects schooling and acculturated learning, and the two abilities have different developmental trajectories, with Gf peaking earlier in the lifespan. Gustafsson has made key contributions to our understanding of Gf. He (Gustafsson 1984) introduced hierarchical confirmatory factor analytic models to reconcile Thurstonian ( ...
Tópico(s): Cognitive Science and Mapping
2016 - Springer International Publishing | Methodology of educational measurement and assessment
Philippe Bidinger, Jean‐Bernard Stefani,
This paper presents the Kell calculus, a new distributed process calculus that retains the original insights of the Seal calculus (local actions, process replication) and of the M-calculus (higher-order processes and programmable membranes), although in a much simpler setting than the latter. The calculus is equipped with a type system that enforces a unicity property for location names that is crucial for the efficient implementation of the calculus.
Tópico(s): Petri Nets in System Modeling
2003 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
The Kell blood group system was named after the person who made the first recognized antibody. Other than ABO, the Kell antigens are perhaps only second to the D antigen in the Rh system as potent immunogens. About 5% of K:−1 persons who are transfused with a single unit of K:1 red cells make anti-K1 IgG. The Kell blood group system is important not only in transfusion but also clinically since K1 is present on red cells of fetuses and maternal alloimmunization may cause hemolytic disease in the ...
Tópico(s): Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
1995 - Springer Nature | Blood cell biochemistry
Alan Schmitt, Jean‐Bernard Stefani,
This paper presents the Kell calculus, a family of distributed process calculi, parameterized by languages for input patterns, that is intended as a basis for studying component-based distributed programming. The Kell calculus is built around a π-calculus core, and follows five design principles which are essential for a foundational model of distributed and mobile programming: hierarchical localities, local actions, higher-order communication, programmable membranes, and dynamic binding. The paper ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies
2005 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
Gary J. Salter, Douglas B. Kell,
Abstract Dielectric spectroscopy utilising dual-frequency measurements has been used to study the toxic effects of a number of organic solvents to suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisie. Solvents of a highly apolar nature, such as hexadecane, were identified as being non-cytotoxic, and thus suitable for use with whole-cell systems. A novel approach to aid biotransformations, using mixed organic solvents, has also been studied. This has revealed that the cytotoxic nature of polar organic solvents, ...
Tópico(s): Biofuel production and bioconversion
1992 - Elsevier BV | Progress in biotechnology
David Corne, Martin J. Oates, Douglas B. Kell,
Setting the mutation rate for an evolutionary algorithm (EA) is confounded by many issues. Here we investigate mutation rates mainly in the context of large-population-parallelism. We justify the notion that high rates achieve better results, using underlying theory which notices that parallelization favourably alters the fitness distribution of a mutation operator. We derive an expression which sets out how this is changed in terms of the level of parallelization, and derive further expressions ...
Tópico(s): Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
2002 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
W. Kells, P. McIntyre, L. Oleksiuk, N.S. Dikansky, И. Н. Мешков, V. V. Parkhomchuk, W.B. Herrmannsfeldt,
The electron beam for the Fermilab Electron Cooling Experiment provides a cold (Te ∼ 1 eV) D.C. electron beam with 110 kV, 26A. Stable operation has been achieved up to 70 kV, 6A. A new mechanism for efficient beam collection and energy recovery is described. The beam is decelerated nearly to rest before entering the collector geometry. Providing the electric and magnetic fields obey several conditions in this region, residual gas ions trap stably on the space charge equipotentials, permit deceleration ...
Tópico(s): Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
1980 - Birkhäuser | EXS
Danilo Ansaloni, Stephen Kell, Yudi Zheng, Lubomír Bulej, Walter Binder, Petr Tůma,
Dynamic program analysis tools based on code instrumentation serve many important software engineering tasks such as profiling, debugging, testing, program comprehension, and reverse engineering. Unfortunately, constructing new analysis tools is unduly difficult, because existing frameworks offer little or no support to the programmer beyond the incidental task of instrumentation. We observe that existing dynamic analysis tools re-address recurring requirements in their essential task: maintaining ...
Tópico(s): Software System Performance and Reliability
2013 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
Brian Kell, Ashish Sabharwal, Willem‐Jan van Hoeve,
Nogood learning is a critical component of Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solvers, and increasingly popular in the context of integer programming and constraint programming. We present a generic method to learn valid clauses from exact or approximate binary decision diagrams (BDDs) and resolution in the context of SAT solving. We show that any clause learned from SAT conflict analysis can also be generated using our method, while, in addition, we can generate stronger clauses that cannot be derived ...
Tópico(s): Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques
2015 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
Tyler Kell, Haaroon Yousaf, Sarah Levin Allen, Sarah Meiklejohn, Ari Juels,
Pyramid schemes are investment scams in which top-level participants in a hierarchical network recruit and profit from an expanding base of defrauded newer participants. Pyramid schemes have existed for over a century, but there have been no in-depth studies of their dynamics and communities because of the opacity of participants' transactions. In this paper, we present an empirical study of Forsage, a pyramid scheme implemented as a smart contract and at its peak one of the largest consumers of ...
Tópico(s): FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
2023 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
Paulette M. Vignais, Michèle-France Henry, Edith Sim, Douglas B. Kell,
This chapter discusses the electron transport system and hydrogenase of paracoccus denitrificans. One feature that characterizes bacteria is the ability to adapt to environmental changes and nutritional conditions. At the molecular level, the versatility of bacterial systems can be explained, at least in part, by adaptive changes in their respiratory chains. The Paracoccus denitrificans, formerly Micrococcus denitrificans Beijerinck, is a respiratory “jack-of-all-trades” and a very good example of ...
Tópico(s): Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
1981 - Elsevier BV | Current topics in bioenergetics
David Corne, Martin J. Oates, Douglas B. Kell,
Many evolutionary algorithm applications involve either fitness functions with high time complexity or large dimensionality (hence very many fitness evaluations will typically be needed) or both. In such circumstances, there is a dire need to tune various features of the algorithm well so that performance and time savings are optimized. However, these are precisely the circumstances in which prior tuning is very costly in time and resources. There is hence a need for methods which enable fast prior ...
Tópico(s): Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research
2003 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
Jens Benn Sørensen, Kell Østerlind,
The current treatment results for lung cancer clearly call for improved therapy and also for careful selection of patients for the treatment options from which they are most likely to benefit. A detailed knowledge of prognostic factors, meaning variables with a well established relation to the prognosis, is important for achieving these goals. Any clinical trial must therefore include an assessment of the possible influence of such prognostic factors on the therapeutic result.
Tópico(s): Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
1999 - Springer Nature | Medical radiology
In emulation of Professor Éamonn Ó Carragáin, who has, over the last few decades, demonstrated how words and images together join in that extraordinary cultural achievement which is the Ruthwell Cross, the volume seeks to transcend the established methods of the single discipline.
Tópico(s): Scottish History and National Identity
2007 - Brepols | Studies in the early Middle Ages
Douglas B. Kell, Michael K. Winson, Royston Goodacre, Andrew M. Woodward, Bjørn K. Alsberg, A. R. Jones, Éadaoin M. Timmins, Jem J. Rowland,
Diffuse-reflectance absorbance spectroscopy in the mid-infrared is a novel method of producing data with which to effect chemical imaging for the rapid screening of biological samples for metabolite overproduction. We have used mixtures of ampicillin and Escherichia coli, and Streptomyces citricolor producing aristeromycin and neplanocin A, as model systems. Deconvolution of the hyperspectral information provided by the raw diffuse reflectance-absorbance mid-infrared spectra may be achieved using ...
Tópico(s): Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
1998 - Elsevier BV | Studies in organic chemistry
Caroline Farrelly, Douglas B. Kell, Joshua Knowles,
Identifying the structure of unknown molecules is an important activity in the pharmaceutical industry where it underpins the production of new drugs and the analysis of complex biological samples. We present here a new method for automatically identifying the structure of an unknown molecule from its nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum. In the technique, an ant colony optimization algorithm is used to search iteratively the highly-constrained space of feasible molecular structures, evaluating ...
Tópico(s): Protein Structure and Dynamics
2008 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
K. Kleesiek, C. Götting, J. Diekmann, J. Dreier, M. Schmidt,
Beschreibung Die Peptidase Kallikrein wird in zahlreichen Organen des Körpers produziert und trennt als Kininogenase von dem Substrat
Tópico(s): Animal health and immunology
2019 - Springer Nature | Springer Reference Medizin