FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT, FROM OUR RACING CORRESPONDENT, FROM OUR RUGBY FOOTBALL CORRESPONDENT, FROM OUR ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL CORRESPONDENT, FROM OUR HOCKEY CORRESPONDENT, FROM OUR BILLIARDS CORRESPONDENT, FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT, S. KENNEDY NORTH, MERRY DEL VAL, ALFRED FELLOWS, BASIL HOLMES, ROBERT MOND, FROM OUR AERONAUTICAL CORRESPONDENT, By CALLISTHENES, FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT, From Our Diplomatic Correspondent, J. CRAWFORD, W. G. COCHRAN, AN ADMIRER OF THE CHURCH ARMY, Professor J. J. Wilson, F.R.S., A correspondent, FROM A CORRESPONDENT, FROM OUR AGRICULTURAL CORRESPONDENT, RONALD HART-SYNNOT, JOHN VOWLES, R. WILLIAMS-ELLIS,
... Convincing Victory, Racing The Manchester Meeting Success Of Marula, Victory For The Services Blackheath Lose A Lead, ...
1937 - Gale Group | TDA
Baatile Komane, Ilze Vermaak, Beverley Summers, Alvaro Viljoen,
Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst (Marula) nut oil is a popular ingredient in cosmetics such as skin lotions, lipsticks and foundations. The demand for this African oil ... 2008 almost US$ 20 million was spent on Marula oil for cosmetic product manufacturing. The ethnobotanical literature ... traditional use as well as the inclusion of Marula oil in cosmetic products is lacking. This study ... hydrating effects as well occlusivity properties (efficacy) of Marula oil after topical application. In addition, the Marula ...
Tópico(s): Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
2015 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Ben Gill, President, Kate Taylor, Joanna Hunter, Martin Drury, Director General, Robert Cole, Andrew Pierce, Rob Hughes, Tom Hibbert, Nigel Morris-Cotterill, Alastair Mackie Director-General, Inigo Gilmore, David Rhys Jones, Richard Hobson, Martin Mears, Robert Lea, Christopher Walker, Chief Ireland Correspondent, Raymond Snoddy, Media Editor, Des Wilson, Director, Philip Howard, Carol Midgley, Joanna Bale, James Bone, Clive Davis, Alison Kervin, Anthony Perry, Oliver Holt Football Correspondent, Michael Evans, Defence Editor, Tony Patrick, Kevin Eason, Fraser Nelson, Retail Correspondent, Robert Sheehan, Bridge Correspondent, John Faulder, Peter Godwin, Joe Joseph, Ellen Dahrendorf, Peter Jones, Alasdair Reid, Raymond Keene Chess Correspondent, Dr Jane Collins, Tim Reid, Ruth Gledhill Religion Correspondent, Libby Purves, Alan Hamilton, Mark Inglefield, Matt Sims, Anatole Kaletsky, Michael Pinto-Duschinsky, James Landale Political Correspondent, Ian Hughes, Mike Bradley, Charles Bremner, David Ford, Chairman, Giles Whittell and Alice Lagnado, Lisa Armstrong Fashion Editor, John E. Strafford, Chairman, Julia Bueno, Peter Barnard, Michael Binyon Diplomatic Editor, Caroline Merrell Banking Correspondent, Nigel Williamson, Edward Fennell, Paul Armstrong, James Mullen, Carol Midgley Media Correspondent, Susan Clark, Simon De Bruxelles and Adam Sage, Ian MacNicol, President, Peta Sweet, Marit Hargie, Gary Slapper, Paul Sexton, John Hopkins Golf Correspondent, Geoffrey Dean, Alan Toogood, Horticulture Correspondent, Stephen Wood, David Watts, Michael Dynes and Arthur Leathley, Transport Correspondent, Arthur Leathley Aviation Correspondent, Raymond Keene, Clive Mathieson, Frances Gibb, Legal Correspondent, Paul Wilkinson, Damian Whitworth, Sergei Karaganov, Dennis Jordan, President, Susan Parkinson General Secretary, Oliver August, Nick Hasell, Julian Muscat, Dennis Kavanagh, Nick Szczepanik, Giles Whittell, Philip Webster Political Editor, Simon De Bruxelles, Russell Jenkins and Helen Johnstone, Saeed Shah, Jason Nissé, Michael Renshall, Helen Browning, Chairman, Matthew Parris, L. Roberts, Anjana Ahuja, Clare Francis, Caitlin Moran, Mary Arden, Walter Gammie, Peter Riddell, David Robinson and land Hughes, John Malpas, Michael Gove, Ben Macintyre, Alasdair Murray Economics Correspondent, Richard Miles, Paul Gromett, Fraser Nelson, David Sinclair, Martin Waller, Michael Horsnell, Lisa Verrico, Christopher Irvine, Simon Chandler, P. P. Gilroy, Richard Morrison, Alex O'connell, Gordon Brown, Tom Baldwin Deputy Political Editor, Philippa Spencer-Smith, Randle Cooke, Allan Hall, Roland Watson Chief Political Correspondent, Michael Dynes and Adrian Lee, David Hands, Rugby Correspondent, Ewen Cameron, Chairman, Paul Lee and Mark Jones, Joanna Coles, Susan Emmett,
... The World Gets Ready to Party The Millennium Marula Travel Fendwell Ltd Mem Saheb Available for Millennium ...
1999 - Gale Group | TDA
Robin M. Cook, E.T.F. Witkowski, C.V. Helm, Michelle Henley, Francesca Parrini,
Concerns exist over the continual decline of marula trees (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra), a large ecologically and economically important tree species in southern Africa, primarily as a consequence of impact by ... africana) and poor regeneration. We assessed changes to marula tree population structure in a protected area that ... fenced off beforehand. A previous survey of the marula population in JPNR was done in 2009 and ... and mortality levels on the previously surveyed JPNR marula tree population, (ii) compare these levels with previously ...
Tópico(s): Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
2017 - Elsevier BV | Forest Ecology and Management
A. H. T. Smith, J. M. Scott, A. A. Meek, Stanley Cursiter, T. E., Doreen Wallace, F. de G. Merrifield, Sir John Kelly, James Agate, G. W. Colenutt, Henry Longhrust, E. W. Hendy, Desmond MacCarthy, John Beevers, Arthur Hames, Freda Heyman, Victor Richardson, John Brophy, Rowland H. Hill, Hamilton Price, Beatrice Eve, H. M. Cundall, J. O. Thompson, Peter Bousfield, Godfrey Robinson, A. T. Johnson, Sir Edward German, G. W. B., E. C. Sington, Basil Maine, W. B. Kempling, Frank Rutter, Milward Kennedy, J. A. Parker, D. R. Gent, C. L., C. A. Knapp (Capt.), James Cleugh, H. F., H. W. S., Fairway, F. W. Berry, G. H. Fry, Richmond, M. H. Spielmann, Ralph Straus, Winifred Gordon, Alan Houghton Brodrick, E. V. Lucas, Sydney W. Carroll, Joseph Silkin, A. Ernest Whiting, Edward Shanks, Elton Ede, Maud Pullen, H. E. Symons, Edward Minshall, Cecil Roberts, Mankato, R. J. Barrett Financial Editor, Lorna Lancaster, Hubert Winterbotham, Cecil H. Geeson, H. A. Newth, A. R. Cripps, Edward Vandermere Fleming, Yarborough, J. M. Bulloch, W. M. Lummis, S. T. Starr, Atticus, C. J. Reidy Shines, Professor G. M. Trevelyan O. M., George W. Bishop, Simon Evans, G. M. Young, J. M. B., Sir E. Denison Ross, Henry J. Spooner, Lady Muriel Beckwith,
... for their Own Money From our Racing Correspondent: Marula Springs a Surprise Yesterday's Racing Easily Secures ...
1937 - Gale Group | Sunday Times HA GDA
Suzan Mansourian, Anders Enjin, Erling Jirle, Vedika Ramesh, Guillermo Rehermann, Paul G. Becher, John E. Pool, Marcus C. Stensmyr,
... Wild African D. melanogaster are seasonally associated with marula fruit•Marula is the likely ancestral host of D. melanogaster•Marula odor activates a key odorant receptor that shows signs of regional adaptation•Marula use may have driven the switch to human ... find that these flies are closely associated with marula fruit (Sclerocarya birrea) and propose that this seasonally ... ancestral host of D. melanogaster. Moreover, when fruiting, marula is nearly exclusively used by D. melanogaster, suggesting ...
Tópico(s): Plant and animal studies
2018 - Elsevier BV | Current Biology
Lesetja Moraba Legodi, Maleho Annastasia Lekganyane, Kgabo Moganedi,
... sugars, can be used for making wines. The marula fruit wine is also important in many communities ... has been growing interest in shifting from traditional marula winemaking to developing technologies for the marula winemaking process and commercialisation. The process of marula winemaking is similar to the production of grape ... of the resulting juice. The new process in marula winemaking would take into consideration the use of ... monoculture or mixed cultures developed from the native marula fruit microbiota and the pasteurisation of the juice. ...
Tópico(s): Botanical Research and Applications
2022 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Processes
Benard Muok, Atsushi Matsumura, Takaaki Ishii, David W. Odee,
Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. (marula) is native to Africa occurring in the semi-arid, deciduous savannas of much of sub-Saharan Africa. It has multiple uses, ... development of rural enterprises. Enhancing positive interactions between marula and other crops is key to successful introduction of marula into the farming systems in the arid and ... to determine the influence of various combinations of marula, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (millet) and Zea ... enhanced both biomass production and height growth of marula seedlings. Both hyphal density and number of spores ...
Tópico(s): Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
2009 - Academic Journals | AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Tinotenda Shoko, Vinesh Maharaj, Dashnie Naidoo, Malefa Tselanyane, Rudzani Nthambeleni, Eric Khorombi, Zeno Apostolides,
... aging properties of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst (Marula) extracts was conducted in vitro with the aim of developing chemically characterized anti-aging ingredients. Marula stems, leaves and fruits were extracted using methanol: ... and collagenase inhibition activities of these extracts and Marula oil were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The chemical ... screened for anti-elastase and anti-collagenase activity. Marula stems extracts were the most active as they ... elastase activity (54%) but was inactive agains collagenase. Marula fruits and oil exhibited limited activity in both ...
Tópico(s): Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
2018 - BioMed Central | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
... assessment of the damage status of Sclerocarya birrea (marula), identified as one of the most important tree ... landscapes of the Park. Previous studies indicated that marula were most utilized by elephants, resulting in weak ... of the species. Furthermore, results indicated that the marula populations in two major landscapes of the Kruger ... monitoring, to quantify the elephant damage to the marula population in the Kruger National Park. Results indicated ... felling. Felling resulted in a large proportion of marula trees being reduced to a height of less ...
Tópico(s): Rangeland and Wildlife Management
2002 - | African Journal of Wildlife Research
... the abundance, density and population structure of the marula tree, Sclerocarya birrea, in three game reserves in ... level, elephant impact was influenced by density of marula trees, but was not influenced by proximity to roads, nor proportion of marula trees bearing fruits in the vicinity. At the ... impact was higher on reserves with higher total marula densities. Fourfold differences in elephant densities (0.08–0.30 elephants km −2 ) did not explain marula consumption: the percentage of trees with branch damage ...
Tópico(s): Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
2002 - Wiley | African Journal of Ecology
Zipi Hillman, Yosef Mizrahi, Elie Beit‐Yannai,
Different marula clones domesticated in the arid Negev desert were evaluated for their horticultural behavior physiological and antioxidant characteristics ... weight at the third week post-abscission). Fresh marula juice had, on average, four times more antioxidant than the juice of either orange or pomegranate (marula ascorbic acid equivalent: 8.52 ± 0.76 mM ... mM, respectively), considered to be rich in antioxidants. Marula ice cream and jam manufactured according to industrial ... days post-production. In conclusion, selected genotypes of marula exhibited superior horticultural traits and high antioxidant contents. ...
Tópico(s): Horticultural and Viticultural Research
2008 - Elsevier BV | Scientia Horticulturae
Kgabo Moganedi, Mbudzeni Sibara, J. Paul Grobler, Elisabeth Goyvaerts,
Marula is a wild-growing dioecious leafy tree species indigenous to Africa. The species exhibits a high ... between the phenotypic and genotypic properties of the marula species, the genetic structure of natural marula populations was assessed using the Amplified Fragment Length ... degree of genetic diversity within and among natural marula sampled from the Bochum, Tzaneen and Nelspruit areas ... foundation for the marked phenotypic variation observed in marula, and suggest genetic diversity to provide for artificial ...
Tópico(s): Botanical Studies and Applications
2011 - Academic Journals | African Journal of Agricultural Research
... to produce activated carbon from local agroforestry wastes (marula fruit stones, jackalberry seeds, eembe seeds, efukwa shells ... wastewater. Preparation of activated carbons from efukwa shells, marula fruit stones, jackalberry seeds, eembe seeds and eembu ... GAC) produced, the removal efficiency for Eembu and Marula was 100% and for the commercial granular activated ... powdered activated carbon (PAC) produced from Jackalberry and Marula had zero removal and for the commercial powdered ... carbon (PAC) produced, the removal efficiency for Eembu, Marula and Efukwa was 84% and for the commercial ...
Tópico(s): Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
2012 - Academic Journals | African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Robinson Ejilah, Abdulkadir Lukman, Adisa Ademola Bello,
Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) seed oil was extracted and characterized for its physico-chemical properties and fatty acid compositions, respectively, by using ... Chemist (AOAC). The fuel and lubrication properties of marula oil were also determined by using the ASTM ... acid (73.6%) provided the oiliness that makes marula oil a natural alternative to genetically modify high ... mg/KOH) and viscosity (41 mm2/s) makes marula oil to be prospective based oil for engine ... properties. However, the higher oil viscosity exhibited by marula seed oil in comparison to diesel could pose ...
Tópico(s): Lubricants and Their Additives
2012 - Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering | International journal of agricultural and biological engineering
Courtney Moxley, W. Lammers, F. J. Frank van Veen, Élisa Thébault, Karen J. Esler, Colleen L. Seymour,
... Mangifera indica, Anacardiaceae) and a related wild host (marula, Sclerocarya birrea, Anacardiaceae) by a major subtropical fruit ... and natural vegetation. We determined how infestation of marula is associated with proximity to mango crops at ... Over three sampling periods, C. cosyra infestation of marula always decreased with distance from mango fields. At the landscape scale, marula alongside crop fields were 30 times more likely ... fields to natural vegetation. During late mango and marula fruiting, twice as many flies infested marula than ...
Tópico(s): Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
2017 - Elsevier BV | Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment
Ndidzulafhi Innocent Sinthumule, Mbuelo Laura Mashau,
The marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra), a common species in sub-Saharan Africa, grows naturally in both protected ... attitudes of local communities towards the protection of marula trees, particularly in communal land, has not been ... the attitudes of local people towards conservation of marula trees. Studying the attitudes of people can provide ... of Ha-Mashau (Thondoni) and Ha-Mashamba where marula trees grow naturally. To fulfil the aim of ... study area had positive attitudes towards conservation of marula trees. Strategies that are used by local communities ...
Tópico(s): Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
2019 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Resources
Rachel Wynberg, J. Cribbins, Roger R.B. Leakey, C. Lombard, Myles Mander, Sheona Shackleton, Caroline A Sullivan,
Synopsis Sclerocarya birrea (marula) forms an integral part of the diet, tradition and culture of rural communities in southern Africa and also is ... been little commercialisation. Two main commercial enterprises trade marula products in South Africa: one, a large corporation, ... the other, a rural development project. In Namibia, marula commercialisation is undertaken through a collaborative project between ... set of customary and government laws which regulate marula use in southern Africa, comprising different tenure systems, ...
Tópico(s): Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
2002 - Taylor & Francis | The Southern African Forestry Journal
... on specific rare indicator keystone plant species. The marula is one of the preferred tree species particularly ... Park is causing serious concern. The density of marula trees and the current population structure of this ... the Kruger National Park. Results indicate that the marula population in the Colophospermum mopane shrubveld has become ... population with a lack of immature trees. The marula populations in the southern landscapes (mixed Combretum/Terminalia ... determining herbivory pressure, and consequently in influencing the marula population structure.
Tópico(s): African Botany and Ecology Studies
2002 - | African Journal of Wildlife Research
KWANELE M. MDLULI, Richard Owusu-Apenten,
Spectrophotometric assays of marula fruit polyphenol oxidase showed a pronounced lag phase due to the presence of endogenous antioxidants. The total antioxidant capacity ( ... L-ascorbic acid (L-ASC.eq). Freeze-dried marula fruit juice had 2960 mg L-ASC.eq. ... per 100 g. The vitamin C content of marula fruit accounts for about 70% of the TAC. The TAC estimate for marula fruit was 20–40 times greater than levels ...
Tópico(s): Plant Gene Expression Analysis
2003 - Wiley | Journal of Food Biochemistry
Nomusa Dlamini, Shadreck Dube,
... traditional preparation of wine from the fruits of Marula ( Sclerocarya birrea subspecies Caffra ) tree in Zimbabwe. It must be noted that Marula is documented as a drought‐resistant plant. Design/ ... to an average 2 per cent. The fermented Marula juice retained 72 per cent of the initial ... 100 g). Originality/value The low pH of Marula wine could contribute to the microbiological safety of the product and relative stability of ascorbic acid. Marula wine produced after four days of fermentation is ...
Tópico(s): Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
2008 - Emerald Publishing Limited | Nutrition & Food Science
Jeremy J. Midgley, Kirsten Gallaher, Laurence Kruger,
The marula ( Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst., Anacardiaceae) has a strongly lignified endocarp or stone which contains several seeds, ... et al . 1985). It is well known that marula fruits taken from the dung of the African ... Lewis 1987). This positive impact of elephants on marula germination continues to be considered to be through ... only elephants would be the legitimate dispersers of marula seeds, because none of the many other species that are attracted to marula fruits would have jaws powerful enough to loosen ...
Tópico(s): Rabbits: Nutrition, Reproduction, Health
2012 - Cambridge University Press | Journal of Tropical Ecology
Abstract Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra (marula), a keystone large tree species in southern Africa and heavily utilized by people and herbivores, is declining at an unprecedented rate ... the last 50 years, and local extinctions of marula populations in the north‐western KNP , adult trees ... 3.2 and 4.6%. Loss of adult marula trees in some areas over the last decade ... the nearest perennial river had little influence. Overall, marula populations continue to decline and further local extinctions ... develop predictive models for the future dynamics of marula populations incorporating all drivers; (ii) to advocate active ...
Tópico(s): Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
2012 - Wiley | African Journal of Ecology
... beverage brewed from the fruits of Sclerocarya birrea (marula), commonly known as marula beer. It was rarely traded in the past ... Bushbuckridge, Limpopo province, rural women have been selling marula beer in the business centres of the district ... were interviewed, who indicated that the sale of marula beer provides a vital source of income to ... accessible and there are few costs to produce marula beer. Incomes earned were modest, averaging a net ...
Tópico(s): Agriculture and Rural Development Research
2004 - Academy of Science of South Africa | South African Journal of Science
I. M. M. Malebana, Bhutikini D. Nkosi, Kennedy H. Erlwanger, Eliton Chivandi,
... for feed is imperative. One such source is Marula nut meal (a by‐product of Marula oil extraction). The present study chemically characterized the nutritional composition of two differently processed Marula nut meals (MNMs) and compared them with that ... contents compared to SBM. The cold press produced Marula nut meal (MNM2) had higher arginine than the hydraulic filter press produced Marula nut meal (MNM1) and SBM. The meals had ...
Tópico(s): Biodiesel Production and Applications
2017 - Wiley | Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Tumisi J. Molelekoa, Thierry Régnier, Laura S. da Silva, Wilma Augustyn,
... mainly restricted to within communities. In this study, marula fruit-processing waste by-products (fruit pulp residue ... culture method). Furthermore, the physicochemical property analyses revealed marula vinegar to be a potential source of bioactive ... quality vinegar, with possible consideration for commercialisation.Significance: Marula fruit has high economic importance for South Africa, particularly for the Limpopo Province. Marula waste can be a source of bioactive compounds, ... through viable and easy to produce commodities from marula fruit needs to be implemented and prioritised in ...
Tópico(s): Botanical Research and Applications
2018 - Academy of Science of South Africa | South African Journal of Science
Mpho Edward Mashau, Tsietsie Ephraim Kgatla, Mashudu Viginia Makhado, Masiza Samuel Mikasi, Shonisani Eugenia Ramashia,
Marula (Sclerocarya birrea, A. Rich) is an underutilized wild edible fruit tree species that grows naturally across ... fatty acids. The main structural classes of the marula fruit include polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins and polysaccharides ( ... components can prevent chronic and degenerative diseases. The marula fruit is functional food because of its components ... Different studies have demonstrated the utilization of the marula fruit in juice processing, alcohol based products, jams ... composition, polyphenolic compounds and biological activities of the marula fruit and its reported use in food applications.
Tópico(s): Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
2022 - Marcel Dekker | International Journal of Food Properties
Vimbainashe E. Manhivi, M.M. Slabbert, Dharini Sivakumar,
... of co-ingesting Natal plums (Carissa macrocarpa) and Marula nuts (Sclerocarya birrea) on the bioaccessibility and uptake ... ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. A Natal plum-Marula nut bar was made by mixing the raw ... TOF-MS). Inclusion of Natal plum in the Marula nut bar increased the Cy-3-Sa, Cy- ... capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition compared to ingesting Marula nut separately at the internal phase. Adding Natal plum to the Marula nut bar increased bioaccessibility of Cy-3-Sa, ...
Tópico(s): Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
2022 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Molecules
M. Fundira, M. Blom, Isak S. Pretorius, P. van Rensburg,
... study to improve the yield and clarification of marula fruit ( Sclerocarya berria sub. caffra ) juice. An increase ... after treatment with prefermentation processing enzymes. Post‐fermented marula wine was treated with enzymes to hydrolyze bound ... while it remained closely related to the unaltered marula profile of the control. AR2000 had an overwhelming ... but the risk of deviating from the typical marula flavor was high.
Tópico(s): Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
2002 - Wiley | Journal of Food Science
M. Fundira, M. Blom, Isak S. Pretorius, P. van Rensburg,
Juice of the Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra (marula) fruit was fermented by indigenous microflora and different commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains at different temperatures, namely, 15 and 30 °C. Volatile acids, ... the other strains. A panel of tasters and marula and brandy producers was asked to select wines and distillates that had an acceptable and typical marula "nose". They were also asked to detect the ... the same yeast strain at different temperatures. Keywords: Marula juice; commercial yeast strains; volatile compounds; wine, distillate
Tópico(s): Horticultural and Viticultural Research
2002 - American Chemical Society | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry