Andrew Robson, Brian Lucas, Jon Ashworth, Cath Urquhart, Caroline Westbrook, Raymond Snoddy Media Editor, Iris Murdoch, Andrew Eames, Stella Shamoon, Richard Whitehead, Robert Cole, Portia Colwell, Andy Henderson, Andrew Pierce, David Brown, James Moore, Adam Sherwin Media Reporter, Sarah Potter, Mike Cudmore, Jonathan Miller, Jill Hartley, Mark Souster, Michael Binyon, Nick Temple, James Bone, Nic Hopkins, Clair Bowman, Alison Kervin, Elizabeth Judge, Tom Smith, Geoff Brown, Gerald Davies, Alison Kevin, Sam Lister, Raymond Snoddy, James Owen, Clare Stewart, Adam Hopkins, Antonia Senior, Carl Evans, Ellis Parrinder, Mark Griffiths, Gian Luca Barca, Pat Gibson, David McVay, Stephen McClarence, Hilary Rose, Yariv Milchan, Katherine Swift, P. Diddy, Jack Malvern, Debra Craine, Jerome Boyd Maunsell, Eddie Booth, Rob Penn, Victoria Segal, Jill Dupleix, Grainne Gilmore, Readers' Forum Chloe Bryan-Brown, Candida Crewe, P. G. Oates, Jo Morris, Robin Young, Alan Hamilton, Oliver Wright, Rodney Milnes, Andy Stephens, Alice Lagnado, Ann Gatti, JK, Lynne O'Donnell, Julie Mootoole, Nick Wyke, MS, Doug Sager, Roland Watson, David Hands, Charles Bremner, Sheila Johnson, David Charter, Tom Baldwin, Daniel Whitaker and Michael Dynes, Tim Teeman, Mark Court, Clive Mathieson Telecoms Correspondent, Derwent May, Angela Jameson, S. R. Duff, SF, Russell Kempson, Paula Hawkins, Emma Mahony, Nigel Williamson, Ed Potton, Oliver Kay, Amber Cowan, Stephen Anderton, Aragon, Mark Atherton, Rick Broadbent, Jim Brown, Matt Dickinson Football Correspondent, Mark Henderson Science Correspondent, Jill Sherman Whitehall Editor, Tim Rice, Editor, JC, Geoffrey Dean, Rob Wright, Mohamed Mesbah, Hugh Noyes, Parliamentary Correspondent, R. V. Taylor, David Powell Athletics Correspondent, Raymond Keene, Christine Buckley, Matthew Pryor, Clive Mathieson, Lucy Pinney, Rob Chapman, Richard Owen, Helen Nugent, Damian Whitworth, Joseph Palley, Richard Beeston, Marting Fletcher and Michael Dynes, David Blundell, Erica Wagner, W. E. B. Nott, Tony Lewin, David Mattin, A. L. Rennie, Nick Hasell, David Hands Rugby Correspondent, Winston Fletcher, Paul Simons, Adam Fresco, Martin Fletcher European Correspondent, Nick Szczepanik, John Goodbody, Anne Ashworth, David Loftus, James Doran, Melissa Kite Political Correspondent, Iestyn Harris, James Pringle, Simon De Bruxelles, Jane Shilling, Mel Webb, Kevin McCarra, Matthew Parris, G. F. Liardet, Angus Clarke, Chris McGrath, Lea Paterson and Gary Duncan, Glen Owen Education Correspondent, Alan Lee, Mark Baldiwn, Thomas Cooke, Ben MacIntyre, DC, Jeremy Hart, Christopher Reed, David Charter Chief Political Correspondent, Michael Dynes, Alison Gibson, Mallory Wober, Richard Miles, Graham Searjeant, Lewis Stuart, Gary Duncan Economics Correspondent, Catherine Philp, Daniel Whitaker and Tom Baldwin, Martin Waller, Chris Ayres, Danny Baker, James Jackson, Nigel Hawkes Health Editor, Laura Peek, Benedict Nightingale, Oliver Kamm, Harry Kewell, Jonathan Meades, Jill Crawshaw, Nancy Tolford, Terry Burgess, Tom Chesshyre, Sally Patten, Jan Raath, Nigel Hawkes Health Editor and Laura Peek, Edward Gorman Sailing Correspondent, Sally Patten Retail Correspondent, Bill McLaren, Patience Wheatcroft, Christopher Irvine, Susan Emmett, David Lister Ireland Correspondent,
... Protected 2433 GrJ Spain Amazing sen view villas prv pools, bk dlroct… Andalucia . Charming villas & hotels in ...
2002 - Gale Group | TDA
Joel M. Levine, Lynn W. Enquist, J. Patrick Card,
... brainstem with virulent and attenuated strains pseudorabies virus (PRV). When motor neurons within the dorsal vagal complex are infected with PRV, OPCs immediately adjacent to the infected neurons display ...
Tópico(s): Nerve injury and regeneration
1998 - Wiley | Glia
Rahman Md. Mostafeezur, Mohammad Zakir Hossain, Yoshiaki Yamada, Kensuke Yamamura, Koichi Iwata, Barry J. Sessle, Junichi Kitagawa,
... microglial cells in the trigeminal principal sensory nucleus (prV) or motor nucleus (motV) may be involved in modulation of mastication, the effects of microglial cell inhibitor minocycline (MC) on masticatory jaw movements, microglia (Iba1) immunohistochemistry and the masticatory jaw movements and related masticatory muscle EMG activities were studied in IAN-X rats. Results: The number of Iba1-immunoreactive (IR) cells both in prV and motV was significantly larger in IAN-X ...
Tópico(s): Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
2012 - SAGE Publishing | Molecular Pain
... from the parvicellular reticular formation that lies between PrV and the motor trigeminal nucleus. These experiments, which also included selective lesions of dorsal and rostral portions of PrV, failed to produce any evidence supporting the existence ...
Tópico(s): Trigeminal Neuralgia and Treatments
1973 - Wiley | The Journal of Comparative Neurology
Joel M. Levine, Lynn W. Enquist, J. Patrick Card,
... brainstem with virulent and attenuated strains pseudorabies virus (PRV). When motor neurons within the dorsal vagal complex are infected with PRV, OPCs immediately adjacent to the infected neurons display ...
Tópico(s): Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
1998 - Wiley | Glia
Nathalie Babic, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Anne Flamand, Gabriella Ugolini,
... studied after inoculation of transcomplemented gp50- and gII- PrV into the motor hypoglossal (XII) nerves of mice. In this model, viral spread from the infected XII motoneurons involves specific transneuronal transfer to connected cells and local, nonspecific transfer. For comparison, a PrV mutant lacking the nonessential nonstructural glycoprotein gX was ...
Tópico(s): Mosquito-borne diseases and control
1993 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Virology
Simon Waldbaum, Selma Hadziefendic, Bernadette O. Erokwu, S. I. A. Zaidi, Musa A. Haxhiu,
... tissue sections were processed for immunohistochemical detection of PRV. Retrogradely labeled motor neurons innervating the PCA were seen in the ...
Tópico(s): Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
2001 - Elsevier BV | Respiration Physiology
Kai Yan, Jie Liu, Xiang Guan, Yixin Yin, Hui Peng, Huanchun Chen, Zheng‐Fei Liu,
... dynein-mediated capsid transport. However, the mechanism of PRV for recruiting microtubule motor proteins for successful neuroinvasion and neurovirulence is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that PRV pUL21 is an inner tegument protein. We tested ... that the carboxyl terminus of pUL21 contributes to PRV neuroinvasion.IMPORTANCE Herpesviruses are a group of DNA viruses that infect both humans and animals. Alphaherpesviruses are distinguished by their ability to establish latent infection in peripheral neurons. After entering neurons, the herpesvirus capsid interacts with cellular motor proteins and undergoes retrograde transport on axon microtubules. ...
Tópico(s): Mosquito-borne diseases and control
2019 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Virology
Felix Kreier, Eric Fliers, Peter J. Voshol, Corbert G. van Eden, Louis M. Havekes, Andries Kalsbeek, Caroline L. Van Heijningen, A.A. Sluiter, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Johannes A. Romijn, Hans P. Sauerwein, Ruud M. Buijs,
... tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV). The resulting labeling of PRV in the vagal motor nuclei of the brain stem reveals that adipose ...
Tópico(s): Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
2002 - American Society for Clinical Investigation | Journal of Clinical Investigation
Felix Kreier, Eric Fliers, Peter J. Voshol, Corbert G. van Eden, Louis M. Havekes, Andries Kalsbeek, Caroline L. Van Heijningen, A.A. Sluiter, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Johannes A. Romijn, Hans P. Sauerwein, Ruud M. Buijs,
... tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV). The resulting labeling of PRV in the vagal motor nuclei of the brain stem reveals that adipose ...
Tópico(s): Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
2002 - American Society for Clinical Investigation | Journal of Clinical Investigation
Felix Kreier, Eric Fliers, Peter J. Voshol, Corbert G. van Eden, Louis M. Havekes, Andries Kalsbeek, Caroline L. Van Heijningen, A.A. Sluiter, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Johannes A. Romijn, Hans P. Sauerwein, Ruud M. Buijs,
... tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV). The resulting labeling of PRV in the vagal motor nuclei of the brain stem reveals that adipose ...
Tópico(s): Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
2002 - American Society for Clinical Investigation | Journal of Clinical Investigation
Linda Rinaman, J. Patrick Card, L. W. Enquist,
... were used to classify non-neuronal cells. Both PRV strains infected DMV and motor neurons and then passed transneuronally to infect brainstem neurons that innervate the DMV. However, the onset of neuronal infection produced by the attenuated strain occurred approximately 20 hr later than infection with the virulent strain. Animals infected with the attenuated strain also survived longer, permitting transneuronal passage of virus into forebrain areas of the visceral neuraxis. Neuronal infection with both PRV strains produced consistent alterations in astrocytes, ramified microglia, ...
Tópico(s): RNA regulation and disease
1993 - Society for Neuroscience | Journal of Neuroscience
Taotao Liu, Jueping Feng, Huilian Bu, Cheng Liu, Xue-Hai Guan, Hong‐Bing Xiang,
... and dpPPTg to gastrocnemius muscle exists via the motor pathway. Otherwise, PRV-614/tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and PRV-614/tryptophan ...
Tópico(s): EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
2013 - Elsevier BV | Epilepsy & Behavior
D.M. Rotto-Percelay, Judy Wheeler, Fernando A. Osorio, Kenneth B. Platt, Arthur D. Loewy,
... PRV retrograde cell body labeling, the number of PRV retrogradely labeled neurons in the MG motor column was compared to the number labeled with two conventional retrograde cell body markers — Fluoro-Gold and cholera toxin-HRP. A ratio of 1:3 representing medium-sized (< 30 μm) versus large neurons (>30 μm) was found in the Fluoro-Gold dye experiments; a 1:2 ratio was seen in the PRV experiments. In contrast, when cholera toxin-HRP was ...
Tópico(s): Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
1992 - Elsevier BV | Brain Research
J.J.A. Arends, Jacob L. Dubbeldam,
... information, relayed through the primary sensory trigeminal column (PrV and nTTD), ultimately reaches the motor nuclei via the reticular formation. The reticular formation ...
Tópico(s): Animal Behavior and Reproduction
1982 - Wiley | The Journal of Comparative Neurology
Karl E. Krout, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Arthur D. Loewy,
... injected in the stellate ganglion and β-gal-PRV was injected into the primary motor cortex. Double-labeled neurons were found in the ...
Tópico(s): Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
2003 - Elsevier BV | Neuroscience
Drishya Diwaker, John W. Murray, Jenna Barnes, Allan W. Wolkoff, Duncan W. Wilson,
... to explain their function. Biochemical studies suggest that PRV US9p associates with the kinesin-3 motor KIF1A in a gE/gI-stimulated manner, and ... the ability of viral particles to recruit kinesin motors. We find that loss of gE/gI-US9p has no significant effect upon PRV particle assembly but leads to greatly diminished plus ...
Tópico(s): Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
2020 - Public Library of Science | PLoS Pathogens
Lijie Zhang, Wenbo Fu, Xiaoming Yuan, Zhaoliang Meng,
... swing motor acceleration, main pump and the two PRVs are controlled to match system supply flow with motor demand flow, thereby reducing motor overflow and shortening ... opened to release hydraulic brake pressure by controlling PRVs before swing speed reduces to zero, which prevents the motor from reversing and oscillating. A simulation model of ...
Tópico(s): Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems
2020 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Processes
J. Patrick Card, Linda Rinaman, James S. Schwaber, RR Miselis, ME Whealy, A K Robbins, L. W. Enquist,
... of the tongue resulted in retrograde transport of PRV and CT-HRP to hypoglossal motor neurons, while preganglionic neurons in the dorsal motor vagal nucleus or somatic motor neurons in the nucleus ambiguus were labeled following injections of the stomach or esophagus, respectively. At longer times after infection, viral antigens were found in astrocytes adjacent to infected neurons and their efferent axons and second-order neuron labeling became apparent. The distribution of second-order neurons was also entirely dependent upon the site of PRV injection. Following tongue injection, second-order neurons were ...
Tópico(s): Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
1990 - Society for Neuroscience | Journal of Neuroscience
Jahan D. Miremami, Pooja M. Talauliker, Jordan L. Harrison, Jonathan Lifshitz,
... percussion or sham injury. The principal trigeminal nucleus (PrV, sensory nucleus) and facial nucleus (VIIN, motor nucleus) were examined for neuropathology (silver histochemistry) and microglial activation (Iba1). Significant neuropathology in PrV was evident at 2 and 7 days post- ...
Tópico(s): Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
2014 - Taylor & Francis | Somatosensory & Motor Research
... spread of the attenuated strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV Bartha) from the affected (left) primary motor cortex (MI) to the contralateral MI of rats. We used Ba-DupLac, a recombinant PRV strain, for the tracing experiments since this virus ...
Tópico(s): Mosquito-borne diseases and control
2004 - Oxford University Press | Cerebral Cortex
Margaret A. Vizzard, Vickie L. Erickson, J. Patrick Card, James R. Roppolo, William C. de Groat,
... in the dorsal commissure. Some animals also exhibited PRV‐IR in cells in the L6 dorsolateral motor nucleus. At longer survival times (72‐96 hours), PRV‐IR cells were observed in the superficial and ...
Tópico(s): Sexual function and dysfunction studies
1995 - Wiley | The Journal of Comparative Neurology
Sofia Zaichick, Kevin P. Bohannon, Ami Hughes, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard, Gregory A. Smith,
... the efficient interaction with the dynein/dynactin microtubule motor complex as well as for PRV virulence and retrograde axon transport in vivo. Additionally, ... large surrogate cargoes via the dynein/dynactin microtubule motor complex. Thus, VP1/2 tethers PRV capsids to dynein/dynactin to enhance microtubule transport, ...
Tópico(s): Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
2013 - Cell Press | Cell Host & Microbe
Radomir Kratchmarov, Tal Kramer, Todd M. Greco, Matthew P. Taylor, Toh Hean Ch’ng, Ileana M. Cristea, Lynn W. Enquist,
... of cultured peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons. The PRV Us9 protein copurifies with KIF1A, recruiting the motor to transport vesicles, but at least one unidentified ...
Tópico(s): Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
2013 - American Society for Microbiology | Journal of Virology
Chun‐Yen Chen, Rey-Shyong Chern, Ming-Huei Liao, Yung-Hsien Chang, Jung-Yu C. Hsu, Chi‐Hsien Chien,
... the sensory innervation of groin region. Pseudorabies virus (PrV), a transneuronal tracer, was injected in the uterus to identify the higher motor control of the uterus. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed the Fos expression and PrV-infected double-labeled neurons in the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS), the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMX), and the paraventricular hypothalamic ...
Tópico(s): Myofascial pain diagnosis and treatment
2013 - Hindawi Publishing Corporation | Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Julian Scherer, Ian B. Hogue, Zak A. Yaffe, Nikhila S. Tanneti, Benjamin Y. Winer, Michael Vershinin, Lynn W. Enquist,
... Us7-9 of the veterinary pathogen pseudorabies virus (PRV) form a tripartite complex to recruit Kif1a, a kinesin-3 motor. Based on multi-channel super-resolution and live TIRF microscopy, complex formation and motor recruitment occurs at the trans-Golgi network. Subsequently, progeny virus particles enter axons as enveloped capsids in a transport vesicle. Artificial recruitment of Kif1a using a drug-inducible heterodimerization system was sufficient to rescue axonal sorting and anterograde spread of PRV mutants devoid of Us7-9. Importantly, biophysical evidence ...
Tópico(s): Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
2020 - Public Library of Science | PLoS Pathogens
Leyan Xu, David K. Ryugo, Tan Pongstaporn, Karl Johe, Vassilis E. Koliatsos,
... PRV but not CTB, a pattern suggesting that PRV entered NSC‐derived neurons via transneuronal transfer from host motor neurons but not via direct transport from the ...
Tópico(s): Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
2009 - Wiley | The Journal of Comparative Neurology
T-K Lee, James H Lois, Joey H Troupe, Timothy D. Wilson, Bill J. Yates,
... rats: PRV-152 and PRV-BaBlu. To prevent PRV from being transmitted to the brain stem via motor circuitry, a spinal transection was performed just below ...
Tópico(s): Vestibular and auditory disorders
2006 - American Physiological Society | AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology
J. Patrick Card, Linda Rinaman, RB Lynn, Lee Bh, R P Meade, RR Miselis, L. W. Enquist,
... neuronal response to neuronal infection. Three strains of PRV that differ in virulence were used to infect preganglionic motor neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the ...
Tópico(s): Insect and Pesticide Research
1993 - Society for Neuroscience | Journal of Neuroscience
Eun-Sang Kim, Gyeong-Moon Kim, Xiaobin Lü, Chung Y. Hsu, Xiao‐Ming Xu,
... as compared to the control group. In contrast, PRV-labeled neurons were inconsistently found in the supraspinal nuclei that contribute to somatic motor outflow in normal controls and no labeling was ... pathway, and (3) the transneuronal labeling method using PRV may provide a unique approach to investigate multi-synaptic neural circuitry of the central autonomic control after SCI, but its application to the somatic motor system is limited.
Tópico(s): Traumatic Brain Injury Research
2002 - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. | Journal of Neurotrauma