... unrestricted cognatic descent on the Polynesian island of Niutao. It addresses the controversy in anthropology concerning whether ... can function as corporate groups with overlapping membership. Niutao descent groups are cognatic, overlapping, exogamous, and corporate. ...
Tópico(s): Linguistic Variation and Morphology
1983 - Wiley | American Ethnologist
The anomalous "hot spots" in infrared (IR) bands on lunar surfaces were discovered earlier in the 1960s. It was then found that those "hot" spots in IR turned out to be "cold" spots at night in microwave (MW) bands observations by Chinese CE-1, CE-2 (Chang'e) radiometers. It was intuitively explained by the thermal properties of a large number of rocks over the cratered surface. In this paper, a radiative transfer layering model of rocks over regolith is presented for the quantitative analysis of the ...
Tópico(s): Astro and Planetary Science
2019 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
A small tilt in the spin axis of the moon over the ecliptic plane causes seasonal incidence variation of solar illumination and, especially, causes significant temperature difference at the polar region. In this article, following the position of the subsolar point, the real-time model of solar illumination incidence over the moon polar region is developed. Based on this model with solving the 1-D heat conduction equation, the seasonal temperature of the lunar surface is obtained and is in agreement ...
Tópico(s): Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
2019 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Niutao Liu, Wenzhe Fa, Ya‐Qiu Jin,
One of Chinese meteorological satellites, Feng Yun-4M (FY-4M), as one the of new generation of geosynchronous series satellites, is planning to upload multichannel millimeter-wave radiometers, e.g., from 50 to 430 GHz. Due to long-period stability and no atmospheric interference, brightness temperature (TB) of the lunar surface can be seen as a good candidate for thermal calibration of FY-4M radiometers. In this paper, the physical temperature profile of lunar regolith media is first derived by resolving ...
Tópico(s): Spacecraft Design and Technology
2018 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Niutao Liu, Wenzhe Fa, Ya‐Qiu Jin,
Searching for water–ice in the lunar media has been a key issue in the moon explorations. Missions of mini-SAR and mini-RF SAR made compact-pol (polarization) measurements on lunar polar permanent shadowed region (PSR). High circular polarization ratio (CPR) data and a two-layer model were applied to studying if water ice in PSR could be retrieved. However, it has been studied that high CPR is not simply due to the presence of water ice, and the Campbell model is a degenerated half-space model, which ...
Tópico(s): Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
2018 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
Niutao Liu, Hongxia Ye, Ya‐Qiu Jin,
Dielectric inversion of lunar permanently shadowed region (PSR) of moon poles has been studied for estimation of possible water-ice content. The Campbell model was directly applied to mini-SAR data for inversion on the Hermite-A crater region. However, this letter presents quantitative analysis that the lunar surface topography, i.e., surface roughness and slopes, and underlying dielectric media, and so on, can significantly affect this inversion. The model is actually degenerated into a half-space ...
Tópico(s): Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
2017 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
High circular polarization ratio (CPR) characteristics were found in permanently shaded regions (PSRs) near the lunar poles. High CPR was regarded as a water ice index. The compact-polarimetric (CP) miniature radio frequency (Mini-RF) radar transmits left-circularly polarized signals and receives horizontally polarized ( $S_{\text {HL}}$ ) and vertically-polarized ( $S_{\text {VL}}$ ) echoes from the lunar surface. Statistics of the CPR data show its relations with the relative phase ( $\delta$ ) between $S_{\text {HL}} $ ...
Tópico(s): Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
2021 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Direct sampling has never been performed in the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) of lunar poles up to now. In the Chinese Chang'e-7 (CE-7) mission, a mini-flyer will fly from the lander in a solar illuminated region at the lunar south polar region to the nearby PSRs to collect samples for analysis. In this letter, four potential craters of the lunar south pole, including Shackleton, Shoemaker, de Gerlache, and Slater are discussed for this proposal. Design principles of the landing site, sampling ...
Tópico(s): Scientific Research and Discoveries
2021 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
Tópico(s): Youth Substance Use and School Attendance
1981 - Brigham Young University Hawaii | Pacific studies
Calibration of satellite-borne radiometer is a key issue for quantitative remote sensing. Its accuracy depends on the stability of the calibration source. Because of no atmosphere and biological activity, the Moon surface keeps stable in the long term and may be a good candidate for thermal calibration. Observation of microwave humidity sounder (MHS) onboard the NOAA-18 made measurements of the disk-integrated brightness temperature (TB) of the Moon for the phase angle between -800 and 500. The measurement ...
Tópico(s): Calibration and Measurement Techniques
2020 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
The permanent shaded regions (PSRs) at the lunar poles receive no direct solar illumination throughout the year, so their temperatures are extremely low. The PSR is mainly heated by the radiation heat flow and the scattered solar radiation from the sunlit crater wall. The temperature distribution in the PSR and its diurnal and seasonal variations have been calculated using the ray-tracing method, which determines the radiation heat flow and the scattered solar radiation. In this article, the radiation ...
Tópico(s): Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
2020 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Niutao Liu, Feng Xu, Ya‐Qiu Jin,
Abstract Circular polarization ratio (CPR) was regarded as an important index for detecting water ice in the permanently shaded region (PSR) of the Moon poles. However, many studies have intuitively described that the double‐bounce scatte ring caused by dihedral consisting of rock facets and the lunar rough surface may yield high CPR. Under a large local incidence angle, single scattering is reduced. Double‐bounce scattering of the dihedral governs the echoes and leads to an enhanced CPR. In this ...
Tópico(s): Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
2020 - Wiley | Radio Science
To evaluate the average dielectric property, the effective permittivity (EP) of multi-component media in low frequency region is the first issue. The most classical formula is the Maxwell–Garnett (MG) model. However, it needs guidelines to restrict the applicability of MG model. Later on, the strong fluctuation theory (SF model) and QCA-CP model (quasi-crystalline approximation with coherent potential) have been studied. Similarities and difference between these models need to be clarified. In this ...
Tópico(s): Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
2020 - Taylor & Francis | Waves in Random and Complex Media
Chinese FY-4M is a new-generation geosynchronous satellite, which will be launched in the near future. It is equipped with multichannel millimeter wave radiometers, which operate in the range of 50–430 GHz. This satellite will increase revisit time and significantly improve the monitoring and weather variation forecasting capabilities. Calibration is an important issue for the quantitative analysis and application of brightness temperature observations. Calibration is first conducted in a thermal/ ...
Tópico(s): Spacecraft Design and Technology
2019 - Science China Press | Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)
... Harcourt, Brace and World. Noricks, Jay Smith 1981 Niutao Kinship and Social Organization. Ph.D. dissertation, Department ... Smith 1983 Unrestricted Cognatic Descent and Corporateness on Niutao, A Polynesian Island of Tuvalu. American Ethnologist 10: ...
Tópico(s): Diverse Scientific and Engineering Research
1987 - Wiley | American Anthropologist
Niutao Liu, Feng Xu, Ya‐Qiu Jin,
Data of fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (full pol-SAR) onboard Chandrayaan-2 make it feasible to analyze the geometric and physical properties of the lunar soil layer. A specific mission of Chandrayaan-2 is to investigate if there is water-ice in the regolith of the PSR (Permanently Shadowed Region). Volatile substances are likely to accumulate in the ancient regolith media. Volumetric scattering of the regolith media might indicate specific characteristics of the regolith. Scattering ...
Tópico(s): Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
2022 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
... p. 1357-1357 Free Access Film Reviews: Polynesier (Niutao, Ettice-Inseln)—Bau eines Schlafhauses. Filmed by G. ...
Tópico(s): Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
1965 - Wiley | American Anthropologist
Zhengling Yin, Niutao Liu, Ya‐Qiu Jin,
The permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) at the lunar poles without direct solar illumination maintain low temperatures throughout the year, making them optimal environments for the preservation of water ice. This paper investigates the diurnal and seasonal temperature variations of the PSRs within craters at the lunar south pole. The craters de Gerlache, Shoemaker, Amundsen, and Wiechert E are selected to explore how latitudes and shapes impact PSR temperature. Using the ray tracing approach, the ...
Tópico(s): Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
2023 - Elsevier BV | Icarus
Dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar (DFSAR) onboard Chandrayaan-2 and Mini-RF onboard Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter have acquired fully polarized and compact polarized SAR data of the lunar surface. However, there are only few numerical simulations of lunar SAR images. In this paper, a method for simulation of fully polarized SAR images of lunar rough surfaces is presented to clarify the scattering mechanism in SAR data. SAR images of lunar craters are simulated and compared with the DFSAR and ...
Tópico(s): Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
2023 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
... speaker required to do a componential analysis of Niutao kin terms.21 wanted to provide both an ...
Tópico(s): Phonetics and Phonology Research
1985 - University of Pittsburgh | Ethnology
The Moon’s surface shows long-term stability and may be a suitable candidate of thermal calibration source. When the field of view (FOV) of an Earth radiometer, e.g., the high-resolution infrared radiation sounder (HIRS), occasionally scans across the Moon, it measures the average brightness temperature (TB) of the entire nearside of the Moon. The lunar surface roughness causes changes in the surface emissivity and anisothermality. Analysis of the infrared TB (IR TB) of the lunar surface from the nadir ...
Tópico(s): Calibration and Measurement Techniques
2021 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Tópico(s): Calibration and Measurement Techniques
2021 - Springer Science+Business Media | Science China Earth Sciences
... recording aspects of material and expressive culture on Niutao, one of the northernmost islands, he shot a ...
Tópico(s): Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
2010 - Routledge | Journal of Pacific History
... District, Pakistan), Tadzhik (Badakhshan, Afghanistan), Polynesians (Ellice Islands, Niutao), Micronesians (Gilbert Islands, Nonuti), Miao (Tak Province, Thailand), ...
2008 - University of Texas Press | Cinema Journal
... Sharp, American Anthropologistunrestricted cognatic descent and corporateness on Niutao, a Polynesian island of TuvaluJAY SMITH NORICKS, American ...
Tópico(s): Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
1963 - Wiley | American Anthropologist
Ya‐Qiu Jin, Nan Chi, Feng Xu, Niutao Liu, Junwen Zhang, Haipeng Wang, Haiyang Fu, Peng Liu, Feng Wang, Fengming Hu, Jianyang Shi,
2025 - Science China Press | Scientia Sinica Informationis
Niutao Liu, Ya‐Qiu Jin, Feng Xu,
Tópico(s): Scientific Research and Discoveries
2024 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
Zhengling Yin, Niutao Liu, Ya‐Qiu Jin,
In China's Chang'e 7 mission, a mini-flyer will be carried for in-situ water ice measurement in permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) around the lunar south pole.The extreme cold environment within PSRs causes serious challenges for the safety of the mini-flyer.Predication of temperatures in PSR is critical for designing the internal heating system and the heat source capacity.Conducting in-situ detection mission in relatively warm temperature can reduce the threat of the cold environment and save ...
Tópico(s): Space Exploration and Technology
2024 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
Niutao Liu, Ya‐Qiu Jin, Feng Xu,
Tópico(s): Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
2024 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
Tong Xia, Xuancheng Ren, Yuntian Liu, Niutao Liu, Feng Xu, Ya‐Qiu Jin,
Excluding rough areas with surface rocks and craters is critical for the safety of landing missions, such as China’s Chang’e-7 mission, in the permanently shadowed region (PSR) of the lunar south pole. Binned digital elevation model (DEM) data can describe the undulating surface, but the DEM data can hardly detect surface rocks because of median-averaging. High-resolution images from a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can be used to map discrete rocks and small craters according to their strong backscattering. ...
Tópico(s): Geophysical Methods and Applications
2024 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Remote Sensing