Sarah Cracknell, Andrew Robson, Matt Dickinson Chief Sports Correspondent, Janice Turner, Mike, Christina Hardyment, John McNamara, Mr Millard, Maxine Moorhouse, Sam Bufton, David Brown, Leo Lewis Asia Business Correspondent, Robin Kelly, Simon Barnes, Jane MacQuitty, James Price, Simon Hills, Robert Lindsay, Paul Hoggart, Mark Souster, David Rose, John Mulvey, Nicolas Sarkozy, Ivo Tennant, L. Gardiner, Clare Lazaro, Alexandra Frean Education Editor, Paula Adams, Michael Evans Defence Editor, Tony Turnbull, Tara Tan, Philip Howard, Julia Brookes, Carol Midgley, Christine Seib, Ben Hoyle Arts Reporter, Kate Wighton, James Bone, James Ducker, Melissa Katsoulis, Rachel Campbell-Johnston, Clive Davis, Gabrielle Starkey, Peter Holmes, Lucia Van Der Post, Harry Eyres, Bob Stanley, Will Pavia, Graham Stewart, Leofranc Holford-Strevens, Martin Aston, GS, Wendy Ide, John Bungey, Penny Durham, Polly Beard, Geoff Brown, Jane Moore, Col Michael Badger, Andrew Norfolk, Robin Pagnamenta, Ian McMillan, Caroline Hendrie, Giles Coren, Martin Fletcher, Sathnam Sanghera, Dr Copperfield, Pat Gibson, Gretel Dewar, John Clarke, Jane MacArtney, Vinny Lee, Valerie Elliott, Tom Bawden, Dominic Walsh, Dan Sabbagh Media Editor, Debra Craine, Mike Pattenden, Tom Charity, Allan Simmons, Paulo Reis, Tim Reid, Daniel Finkelstein, Lucy Davison, Slobhan Kennedy, Dalya Alberge Arts Correspondent, Graeme Lutman, Phoebe Greenwood, Richard Ford Home Correspondent, Jo Morris, Candida Crewe, Alan Hamilton, Peter Millar, Chris Riley, E. A. Harrington, Elizabeth Colman, Ben Machell, Sophie Harris, Robert Duffield, Rhys Blakely, Andrew Rosthorn, Tina Gaudoin, Sarah Magill, Adam Sherwin Media Correspondent, Helen Rumbelow, Derek Arthur Listener Crossword co-editor, Lucy Sweeney, Tim Teeman, Professor D. G. Rhys, Hugo Rifkind, Derwent May, Kate Muir, Aggie MacKenzie, Dan Whitcombe, Russell Kempson, Paula Hawkins, Graham Spiers, Ed Potton, John Webster, Gerard Baker, Stephen Anderton, Sarah Vine, Mark Atherton, Jane Wheatley, John Westerby, David Crystal, Rick Broadbent, Lisa Armstrong, Morgan Falconer, Sally Baker, Jane Knight Deputy Travel Editor, David Baddiel, Steven Pinker, Alan Garner, Dr Muhammad Abdul Bari Secretary-General, Rob Wright, Geoffrey Dean, Mrs Millard, Christina Koning, Ian Stimpson, Edward Gorman Motor Racing Correspondent, Natalie Haynes, Gabriel Rozenberg, Neil Harman Tennis Correspondent, Raymond Keene, Richard Hobson One-day Cricket Correspondent, Suzi Godson, Kate Saunders, Gordon Ramsay, Kaveh Solhekol, Roger Phillips, Jeremy Page, Neville Scott, Kirsten O'Brien, Rick Jones, Stephen Findlay, Raymond Butcher, Stephen Plant, Chris Campling, Joe Monk, Laura Deeley, Christopher Martin-Jenkins Chief Cricket Correspondent, Marcus Leroux, Ross Leckie, Simon Singh, Science Writer, Erica Wagner, Damian Whitworth, Tom Hirst, James Charles, Gabriel Rozenberg Economics Reporter, Nick Hasell, Duarte Levy, Margaret Reynolds, David Hands Rugby Correspondent, Tom Dart, James Collard, Kevin Maher, Paul Simons, Neil Laidler Vice-President, Adam Fresco, Nicholas Clee, Fiona Sims, Matthew Cresswell, Nigel Kendall, Tony Augarde, Steven Wines, Dearbáil Jordan, Joanna Pitman, Philip Webster Political Editor, Geoff Smith, Andrew Mueller, Tom Cox, Richard Ehrlich, Steve Hawkes, Steve Mead, Renata Rubnikowicz, Jane Shilling, Lori Little, Jonathan Powell, Robert Crampton, Dominic Maxwell, Matthew Parris, Roger Porter, Mark Bridge, Max Davidson, Mike Rosewell, Amanda Craig, George Caulkin, Simon Callow, Tim Wapshott, Neil Fisher, Celia Dodd, Iain Finlayson, Ben MacIntyre, Jack V. Lunzer, Hal Moggridge, Andrew Ellson Deputy Personal Finance Editor, Antonia Fraser, David Hutcheon, Rajeev Syal, Michael Alpert, David Sanderson, David Sinclair, John Naish, Lewis Stuart, Mark Henderson, Catherine Philp, Carl Mortished International Business Editor, Mark Baldwin, Thandie Newton, Louise Cohen, Angus Batey, Benedict Nightingale, Guillaume Steiner, Roger Dobson, Rick Broadbent Athletics Correspondent, Dr Thomas Stuttaford, Jill Crawshaw, Stephen Dalton, Leo Lewis, Richard Morrison, Tony Halpin, Alice Miles, James Christopher, Simon Crompton, Fiona Beckett, Judith Heywood, Alan Jackson, Dohra Ahmad, Olav Bjortomt, Robert Randell, Miles Costello, Will Hide, Michael J Beloff QC, David Robertson, Joe Bolger, Alice Vulliamy, Christopher Irvine,
... respond to treatment? Is it because of the nocebo effect? Roger Dobson reports Ask Great Ormond Street ...
2007 - Gale Group | TDA
... believed to be beneficial. The less well-known nocebo response is the opposite, a worsening mediated by ... considers adverse effects in placebo-treated patients as nocebo responses, but the belief that the treatment is ... patient’s case provides an excellent example of nocebo responses. Although this phenomenon accounts for a significant ... Barsky and coworkers1 reviewed the relationship between the nocebo phenomenon and nonspecific medication side effects, which they ... not. Although psychiatric comorbidity is strongly associated with nocebo responses, negative expectation and suggestion produce nocebo responses ...
Tópico(s): Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
2008 - Wiley | Journal of Clinical Hypertension
Luana Colloca, Monica Sigaudo, Fabrizio Benedetti,
The nocebo effect consists in delivering verbal suggestions of negative outcomes so that the subject expects clinical worsening. Here we show that nocebo suggestions, in which expectation of pain increase is ... we investigated the role of learning in the nocebo effect by means of a conditioning procedure. To ... tactile or low-intensity painful electrical stimuli. This nocebo procedure was also carried out after a pre- ... alone, learning seems to be less important in nocebo hyperalgesia. Overall, these findings indicate that, by defining ...
Tópico(s): Empathy and Medical Education
2008 - Elsevier BV | Acute Pain
Luana Colloca, Monica Sigaudo, Fabrizio Benedetti,
The nocebo effect consists in delivering verbal suggestions of negative outcomes so that the subject expects clinical worsening. Here we show that nocebo suggestions, in which expectation of pain increase is ... we investigated the role of learning in the nocebo effect by means of a conditioning procedure. To ... tactile or low-intensity painful electrical stimuli. This nocebo procedure was also carried out after a pre- ... alone, learning seems to be less important in nocebo hyperalgesia. Overall, these findings indicate that, by defining ...
Tópico(s): Empathy and Medical Education
2008 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Pain
Dimitrios Papadopoulos, DD Mitsikostas,
Objective: To estimate the incidence and severity of nocebo responses in trials of symptomatic treatments (STs) and ... and 2009. Meta-analysis of the incidence of nocebo responses was performed by pooling the percentage of placebo-treated patients that exhibited adverse events. Nocebo severity was calculated from the percentage of placebo- ... 44 ST eligible trials. The pooled incidence of nocebo responses was 74.4% (95% CI: 69.92— ... in the former ( p < 0.0001). The pooled nocebo severity was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.6— ... ST trials. Meta-regression analysis revealed a higher nocebo incidence in parallel design ST studies compared to ...
Tópico(s): Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
2010 - SAGE Publishing | Multiple Sclerosis Journal
Francesco Benedetti, Michele Lanotte, Leonardo Lopiano, Luana Colloca,
The nocebo effect is a phenomenon that is opposite to the placebo effect, whereby expectation of a negative outcome ... by ethical constraints, particularly in patients, as a nocebo procedure is per se stressful and anxiogenic. It ... the subject expects clinical worsening. Although some natural nocebo situations do exist, such as the impact of ... the neuroanatomical and the neurochemical bases of the nocebo effect. Recent experimental evidence indicates that negative verbal ... studied, have been found to be affected by nocebo suggestions as well. All these findings underscore the ...
Tópico(s): Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
2007 - Elsevier BV | Neuroscience
Antoinette I. M. van Laarhoven, Michiel L. Vogelaar, O.H.G. Wilder‐Smith, Piet L. C. M. van Riel, P.C.M. van de Kerkhof, Floris W. Kraaimaat, Andrea W.M. Evers,
... through induction of positive expectations, or increased by nocebo effects through induction of negative expectations. In the present study, verbally induced nocebo and placebo effects on itch were experimentally investigated ... 1, the role of verbal suggestions in inducing nocebo effects on itch and pain was investigated. All ... to produce either high expectations for itch (itch nocebo) or pain (pain nocebo) or low expectations for itch (itch nocebo control) or pain (pain nocebo control). Results showed ...
Tópico(s): Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
2011 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Pain
Dimos D. Mitsikostas, Leonidas Mantonakis, Nikolaos Chalarakis,
... aim was to determine the magnitude of the nocebo (adverse effects following placebo administration) in clinical trials ... published between 1998 and 2009. The frequency of nocebo was estimated by the percentage of placebo-treated ... In studies of symptomatic treatment for migraine, the nocebo and dropout frequencies were 18.45% and 0. ... treatment studies. In trials for prevention of TTH, nocebo and dropout frequencies were 23.99% and 5.44%. For symptomatic treatment of cluster headache, the nocebo frequency was 18.67%. Nocebo is prevalent in ...
Tópico(s): Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
2011 - SAGE Publishing | Cephalalgia
Luana Colloca, Franklin G. Miller,
... clinical encounter can produce negative outcomes, known as nocebo effects. Specifically, research on the nocebo effect indicates that information disclosure about potential side ... effects. Neurobiological processes play a role in the nocebo effect, and this article provides a selective review of mechanistic research on the nocebo effect. Comparatively little attention has been directed to ... and their implications for daily clinical practice. The nocebo response is influenced by the content and the ... in both the placebo and active treatment conditions. Nocebo effects adversely influence quality of life and therapy ...
Tópico(s): Empathy and Medical Education
2011 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Psychosomatic Medicine
Fabrizio Benedetti, Martina Amanzio, Sergio Vighetti, G. Asteggiano,
... in recent times, little is known about the nocebo effect, a phenomenon that is opposite to the ... a neuropharmacological approach, we found that verbally induced nocebo hyperalgesia was associated to hyperactivity of the hypothalamic– ... of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol plasma concentrations. Both nocebo hyperalgesia and HPA hyperactivity were antagonized by the ... CCK) type-A/B receptor antagonist proglumide blocked nocebo hyperalgesia completely but had no effect on HPA ... but not in the anxiety component of the nocebo effect. Importantly, both diazepam and proglumide did not ...
Tópico(s): Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
2006 - Society for Neuroscience | Journal of Neuroscience
Winfried Häuser, Ernil Hansen, Paul Enck,
Background: Nocebo phenomena are common in clinical practice and have recently become a popular topic of research and discussion ... to December 2011 that contained the key words "nocebo" or "nocebo effect."Results: By definition, a nocebo effect is the induction of a symptom perceived ... or by the suggestion of negative expectations.A nocebo response is a negative symptom induced by the ... to expectations induced by verbal information or suggestion.Nocebo responses may come about through unintentional negative suggestion ...
Tópico(s): Mental Health and Psychiatry
2012 - Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag | Deutsches Ärzteblatt international
João Data-Franco, Michael Berk,
... paper aims to provide an overview on the nocebo effect, focusing on recognition — its phenomenology, at-risk ... based strategies for management and minimisation of the nocebo effect. Method: Data for this paper were identified by searching PubMed using the search terms "nocebo" and “nocebo effect”, augmented by a manual search of the ... key papers and the related literature. Results: The nocebo effect refers to non-pharmacodynamic, harmful or undesirable ... than 74% in multiple sclerosis. Recognition of the nocebo-driven adverse effects presents a challenge, especially because ...
Tópico(s): Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
2012 - SAGE Publishing | Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
Sevim Bavbek, Ömür Aydın, Zeynep Çelebi Sözener, Selçuk Yüksel,
A "nocebo" effect is defined as troublesome symptoms after the administration of placebo. The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of nocebo responses and related factors.Patients with a reliable ... mean age: 43.10 ± 12.65 years), with nocebo and 91 subjects (42.38 ± 12.18 years) without any reaction to placebo. Most nocebo reactions (71.5%, n=98) were classified as ... as the most common finding. A minority of nocebo reactions (11.7%, n=16) were objective as ... reactions including flushing and urticaria. Factors related with nocebo risks were university graduation (OR: 2.96, 95% ...
Tópico(s): Plant-based Medicinal Research
2014 - Elsevier BV | Allergologia et Immunopathologia
Gitte Laue Petersen, Nanna Brix Finnerup, Luana Colloca, Martina Amanzio, Donald D. Price, Troels S. Jensen, Lene Vase,
The investigation of nocebo effects is evolving, and a few literature reviews have emerged, although so far without quantifying such effects. This meta-analysis investigated nocebo effects in pain. We searched the databases PubMed, ... the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register with the term "nocebo." Only studies that investigated nocebo effects as the effects that followed the administration ... and Hedges' g. The overall magnitude of the nocebo effect was moderate to large (lowest g=0. ... 81) in mechanistic studies. In studies in which nocebo effects were induced by a combination of verbal ...
Tópico(s): Empathy and Medical Education
2014 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Pain
Fabrizio Benedetti, Jennifer Durando, Sergio Vighetti,
... pain worsening, and placebos reduce this prostaglandins increase. Nocebo and placebo effects have been found to modulate ... cyclooxygenase-prostaglandins pathway can be modulated by both nocebos and placebos. In fact, we found that negative expectation, the crucial element of the nocebo effect, about headache pain led to the enhancement ... in 2 populations of subjects. Whereas the experimental nocebo group received negative information by a single individual ... headache and salivary prostaglandins and thromboxane in the nocebo group compared to the control group, suggesting that ...
Tópico(s): Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
2014 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Pain
Danielle J. P. Bartels, Antoinette I. M. van Laarhoven, Elise A. Haverkamp, O.H.G. Wilder‐Smith, A. Rogier T. Donders, Henriët van Middendorp, P.C.M. van de Kerkhof, Andrea W.M. Evers,
Placebo and nocebo effects are known to play a key role in treatment effects in a wide variety of conditions. These ... have ever been investigated in both placebo and nocebo effects within one design. For the first time, ... of verbal suggestion and conditioning in placebo and nocebo effects on itch was experimentally investigated. Expectations about ... means of quantitative sensory testing. Significant placebo and nocebo effects were induced in the group in which ... applied individually did not induce significant placebo and nocebo effects when compared with the control group. The ...
Tópico(s): Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
2014 - Public Library of Science | PLoS ONE
Andrea W.M. Evers, Danielle J. P. Bartels, Antoinette I. M. van Laarhoven,
... pain, can be effectively altered by placebo and nocebo effects due to induction of positive or negative ... as playing a key role in placebo and nocebo effects on pain, these mechanisms have barely been ... might be even more susceptible for placebo and nocebo effects than pain. Research on placebo and nocebo effects on pain and itch can further deliver ... of our research group on verbal suggestions inducing nocebo effects demonstrated an important role of verbal suggestions with regard to itch, with stronger nocebo effects on itch than a comparable procedure for ...
Tópico(s): Empathy and Medical Education
2014 - Springer Science+Business Media | Handbook of experimental pharmacology
Stephan Geuter, Christian Büchel,
Nocebo hyperalgesia is an increase in subjective pain perception after a patient or subject underwent an inert ... horn of the spinal cord, we combined a nocebo heat pain paradigm with spinal functional magnetic resonance ... We found that local application of an inert nocebo cream on the forearm increased pain ratings compared ... cream, and also reduced pain thresholds on the nocebo-treated skin patch. On the neurobiological level, pain ... stimulated dermatomes C5/C6. Comparing pain stimulation under nocebo to a control pain stimulation of the same ...
Tópico(s): Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
2013 - Society for Neuroscience | Journal of Neuroscience
Andrew Symon, Brian Williams, Qadir A. Adelasoye, Helen Cheyne,
... of the existence, prevalence and characteristics of the nocebo effect in health care. Background There is increasing but inconsistent evidence for nocebo effects (the opposite of placebo). Causal mechanisms are ... scoping review of the existence and frequency of nocebo. Data sources Literature databases (Psyc INFO , MEDLINE , CCTR , ... outcomes (incidence estimates range from 3–27%). The nocebo effect, rooted in the complex interplay between physiological ... synthesize primary empirical research on the role of nocebo. It is possible that nocebo outcomes may be ...
Tópico(s): Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
2015 - Wiley | Journal of Advanced Nursing
Ben Colagiuri, Veronica Quinn, Luana Colloca,
... Many studies have found evidence of conditioning-induced nocebo hyperalgesia. However, these studies have exclusively involved continuous ... CRF) schedules. Thus, it is currently unknown whether nocebo hyperalgesia can result after partial reinforcement (PRF). We ... stimulation in healthy volunteers. Undergraduates (N = 135) received nocebo treatment under the guise of a hyperalgesic. Participants ... conditioning). Conditioning involved surreptitiously increasing pain stimulation on nocebo trials relative to control trials. During training, the ...
Tópico(s): Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
2015 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Pain
Isabel Ellerbrock, Antonius Wiehler, Manuela Arndt, Arne May,
In the past, nocebo manipulations have been found to modulate pain perception and influence long-term habituation to pain. Recently, neural correlates accompanying ... decreased activity in pain-processing brain areas, whereas nocebo-specific modulation specifically involves the opercular cortex. Focusing on duration and central network characteristics of nocebo information in a longitudinal heat pain paradigm, we ... given to half of the participants, inducing a nocebo manipulation through verbal suggestions. The analysis was focused ...
Tópico(s): Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
2015 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Pain
Fiona Crichton, Keith J. Petrie,
... Research indicates symptoms may be explained by the nocebo response, whereby health concerns and negative expectations, created ... experimental aim was to test whether providing a nocebo explanation for symptoms, to individuals reporting symptomatic experiences ... exposure.Sixty-six volunteers were randomly assigned to nocebo explanation or biological explanation groups. Participants were concurrently ... risks posed by windfarm infrasound. Before session two, nocebo explanation participants viewed material outlining how nocebo responding ...
Tópico(s): Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
2015 - Elsevier BV | Environmental Research
Natalia Egorova, Rongjun Yu, Navneet Kaur, Márk Vangel, Randy L. Gollub, Darin D. Dougherty, Jian Kong, Joan A. Camprodon,
In Brief Placebo and nocebo play an important role in clinical practice and medical research. Modulating placebo/nocebo responses using noninvasive brain stimulation methods, such as ... right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) on conditioned placebo/nocebo cue response to heat pain. Two matched groups ... current polarity (anodal vs cathodal) on placebo and nocebo was assessed, using subjects' pain ratings in response ... fully conscious or subliminal processing. Significant placebo and nocebo effects in the anodal but not the cathodal ...
Tópico(s): Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
2015 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Pain
Philipp Reicherts, Antje B. M. Gerdes, Paul Pauli, Matthias J. Wieser,
... both well established key mediators of placebo and nocebo effects. However, the investigation of their respective contribution to placebo and nocebo responses is rather difficult because most placebo and nocebo manipulations are contaminated by pre-existing treatment expectancies ... resemblance to classical treatments, a purely psychological placebo-nocebo manipulation was established, namely, the "visual stripe pattern- ... expectation + experience) revealed significant behavioral and physiological placebo-nocebo effects on pain. Two subsequent experiments, which, in ...
Tópico(s): Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
2015 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Pain
Per M. Aslaksen, Peter Solvoll Lyby,
Nocebo hyperalgesia has received sparse experimental attention compared to placebo analgesia. The aim of the present study ... traits and fear of pain could predict experimental nocebo hyperalgesia. One hundred and eleven healthy volunteers (76 ... rating scales. The participants were randomized to a Nocebo group or to a no-treatment Natural History ... and stress levels were significantly higher in the Nocebo group after nocebo treatment. Mediation analysis showed that higher levels of ... of medical pain" significantly increased stress levels after nocebo treatment and that higher stress levels were associated ...
Tópico(s): Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
2015 - Dove Medical Press | Journal of Pain Research
Sidharth Sonthalia, Kinshuk Sahaya, Rahul Arora, Archana Singal, Ankur Srivastava, Ritu Wadhawan, Hamed Zartab, Kripa Shankar Gupta,
Nocebo effect, originally denoting the negative counterpart of the placebo phenomenon, is now better defined as the ... such as expectation and conditioning. The magnitude of nocebo effect in clinical medicine is being increasingly appreciated ... there is hardly any reference to the term nocebo in dermatology articles, the phenomenon is encountered routinely by dermatologists. Dermatology patients are more susceptible to nocebo responses owing to the psychological concern from visibility ... remains the prototypical drug that displays a prominent nocebo effect in dermatologic therapeutics, other drugs such as ...
Tópico(s): Empathy and Medical Education
2015 - Medknow | Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology
Vitaly Napadow, Ang Li, Marco L. Loggia, J. Kim, Ishtiaq Mawla, Gaëlle Desbordes, Peter C. Schalock, Ethan A. Lerner, Trung N. Tran, Johannes Ring, Bruce R. Rosen, Ted J. Kaptchuk, Florian Pfab,
... is also highly susceptible to both placebo and nocebo (negative placebo) effects. Brain activity likely supports nocebo-induced itch, but is currently unknown. Methods We ... within-subject design, and contrast brain response to nocebo saline understood to be allergen vs open-label ... placebo responsiveness, evaluated in the same patients. Results Nocebo saline produced greater itch than open saline control (P < 0.01). Compared to open saline, nocebo saline demonstrated greater fMRI response in caudate, dorsolateral ...
Tópico(s): Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
2015 - Wiley | Allergy
Purpose of review This article addresses nocebo in headache. Nocebo is the antipode of placebo and refers to adverse events a person manifests after receiving placebo. Recent findings In ... induce the adverse events in placebo-treated patients. Nocebo was higher in preventive treatments than in symptomatic ... migraine treatments botulin toxin A showed the lowest nocebo. Generally, the safer a drug was the less nocebo was induced. Nocebo was similar in trials for tension-type headache. To predict and prevent nocebo consequences a 4-item self-fulfilled questionnaire (Q- ...
Tópico(s): Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
2016 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Current Opinion in Neurology
Per M. Aslaksen, Ole Åsli, Morten Øvervoll, Espen Bjørkedal,
The literature on the effects of nocebo on pain is sparse. The present experimental study investigated whether suggestions of nocebo hyperalgesia modified the startle response and whether increased startle contributed to the nocebo hyperalgesic effect.A design with four groups was ... group, a natural history group, or into two nocebo groups. The participants in the placebo and nocebo groups received suggestions of pain decrease or pain increase, together with a placebo or nocebo cream applied to the lower arm, respectively. Heat ...
Tópico(s): Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
2016 - Elsevier BV | Neuroscience
Fabrizio Benedetti, Martina Amanzio, Caterina Casadio, A Oliaro, G Maggi,
... who reported mild postoperative pain, we evoked a nocebo response, a phenomenon equal but opposite to placebo. ... told that it produced a pain increase. A nocebo effect was observed when saline was administered. However, ... proglumide was added to the saline solution, the nocebo effect was abolished. A dose of 0.05 ... of proglumide was ineffective. The blockade of the nocebo hyperalgesic response was not reversed by 10 mg ... suggest that cholecystokinin mediates pain increase in the nocebo response and that proglumide blocks nocebo through mechanisms ...
Tópico(s): Plant-based Medicinal Research
1997 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Pain