By Giles Smith, By Maurice Corina Industrial Editor, From Peter Hazelhurst Hili, Northern West Bengal, , By David Wood Political Editor, From Roger Berthoud Bonn, April 5, By Michael Thomas Labour Correspondent, From Paul Martin Beirut, April 5, By George Clark Political staff, By Hugh Noyes Parliamentary Correspondent, By Our Political Editor, By a Staff Reporter, By John Roper Medical Reporter, From Ronald Faux Leeds, April 5, By Our Medical Reporter, By Our Political Staff, By Our Parliamentary Correspondent, By Julian Mounter Motoring Correspondent, From Arthor Osman, By Pat Healy Social Services Correspondent, By Arthur Reed Air Correspondent, By Alan Hamilton Labour Staff, By Our Agricultural Correspondent, By Paul Routledge Labour Staff, By Basil Gingell Religious Affairs Correspondent, By Christopher Walker, By Our Local Government Correspondent, From Charles Hargrove, By Denis Taylor, From Our Correspondent, From Dan van der Vat Cape Town, April 5, From Our Own Correspondent, From David Bonavia, BY Louis Heren, By a Special Correspondent, From Amalendu Das Gupta, From Richard Wigg Santiago, April 5, From Fred Emery, From Michael Knipe New York, April 5, From Eric Marsden, From Garry Lloyd, By U. A. Titley Rugby Correspondent, By Roy McKelvie, By Peter Ryde., By Neil Allen Boxing Correspondent, By John Downie, By Rex Bellamy Tennis Correspondent, By Jim Snow Northern Racing Correspondent, By John Hennessv, From Peter Ryde, Irving Wardle, Michael Billington, Joan Chissell, William Mann, Stanley Sadie, Stephen Jessel, Michael Leapman, PHS, ELFRIDA VIPONT FOULDS, Clerk., FRANK ALLAUN., P. E. H. HAIR, , D. R. TWIST., HANNAH SCHALER., JOYCE BRYCE., GERALD AMOS, R. E. LESTER., M. G. HURRY., KENNETH R. CORK., M. L. BURSTALL., D. A. CURRY., MALCOLM HURWITT, JOHN CLEMENTS., L. P. S. ORR., JOHN HARRIS., BASIL MITCHELL., W. W. BROWN., W. S. PHILLIPS., HENRY DOUGLAS-HOME., D. G. DAVIES., FLAVIA BURNTWOOD., ANTONY TASKER, Director., ALLEN GREENWOOD, President., VERONICA M. ROBERTS., THOMAS L. FEAKES., By Our Bridge Correspondent, By Brian Basham, By Andrew Wilson, From Anthony Thomas US Economics Correspondent, By John Armytage, By Clive Callow, By David Millham, By Michael Baily, By Dennis Dwyer, By Malcolm Brown, By Anthony Rowley, By Clifford Webb Midland Industrial Correspondent, Kenneth Owen, By Michael Baily, Shipping Correspondent, Sir Eric Drake, Chairman, T. F. CRIPPS., D. M. WOOD., D. J. FINNEY., A. J. G. BLUNT., By Geoffrey Bell, From Frank Vogi., From Patricia Tisdall., Daphne Boutwood,
... boycott, Rent assessment committees can decide by majority Picea Holdings Ltd. V. London Rent Assessment Panel, Queen' ...
1971 - Gale Group | TDA
Tala Awada, Geoffrey M. Henebry, R. E. Redmann, Hari Sulistiyowati,
We studied Picea glauca dynamics in the boreal forest of Saskatchewan, Canada, using 35 stands ranging from < 1 to > 200 y ... 03 (16 y) to 17.0 (172 y).Picea glauca tree density increased with stand age, highest ... a 172 y stand (1413 stems ha -1 ).Picea glauca dominated the canopy between 93 and 172 y after fire.Picea glauca snags appeared about 66 y after fire, ... almost exclusively on logs in old stands (94%).Picea glauca regeneration depended on propagule availability and seedbed ... P. glauca regeneration in mature and old stands.Picea glauca / boreal forest / stand dynamics / spatial pattern / Ripley' ...
Tópico(s): Seedling growth and survival studies
2004 - Springer Science+Business Media | Annals of Forest Science
Chengyu Weng, Stephen T. Jackson,
Differentiation of most North American spruce (Picea) species can be done based on needle morphology and anatomy. Picea breweriana S. Watson, Picea chihuahuana Martìnez, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, Picea martinezii Patterson, and Picea rubens Sarg. needles have two continuous resin ducts ... from near the base to near the tip. Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea pungens Engelm., Picea mexicana ...
Tópico(s): Forest ecology and management
2000 - Canadian Science Publishing | Canadian Journal of Botany
Chengyu Weng, Stephen T. Jackson,
Differentiation of most North American spruce (Picea) species can be done based on needle morphology and anatomy. Picea breweriana S. Watson, Picea chihuahuana Martinez, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, Picea martinezii Patterson, and Picea rubens Sarg. needles have two continuous resin ducts ... from near the base to near the tip. Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea pungens Engelm., Picea mexicana Martinez, and Picea sitchensis ( ...
Tópico(s): Lichen and fungal ecology
2000 - Canadian Science Publishing | Canadian Journal of Botany
Koichi Takahashi, Kosuke Homma, Valentina P. Vetrova, Sergey Florenzev, Toshihiko Hara,
... ha plot was established in a Betula platyphylla‐Picea ajanensis mixed boreal forest in the central Kamchatka ... had a reverse J‐shaped pattern. In contrast, Picea had a bimodal distribution. The growth rates of ... saplings were not distributed in canopy gaps. Small Picea saplings were distributed irrespective of the presence/absence ... living Betula canopy trees and negatively with dead Picea canopy trees. This suggests that Betula saplings regenerated ... and did not invade the gaps created by Picea canopy trees. The spatial distribution of Picea saplings ...
Tópico(s): Forest ecology and management
2001 - Wiley | Journal of Vegetation Science
Abstract The size structure transition matrices of Picea jezoensis, Picea glehnii and Abies sachalinensis of a sub‐boreal forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan were constructed based on the demography of each species ( Picea jezoensis and Picea glehnii were dealt with together as Picea ) during a 4‐year period. Two types of ... were investigated for evaluating the ‘waiting pattern’ between Picea spp. and A. sachalinensis . For the density‐dependent ... of canopy trees. The observed size structure of Picea was almost consistent with the stationary size structure ...
Tópico(s): Plant and animal studies
1997 - Springer Science+Business Media | Ecological Research
Wenjie Wang, Jiali Lu, Hongju Du, Chenhui Wei, Huimei Wang, Yu‐Jie Fu, Xingyuan He,
... sequestration rankings (r2 = 0.49, p < 0.05). Picea-J (Picea jezoensis), Juglans, and Fraxinus showed favorable effects on ... species with scores above the average were Ulmus, Picea-J, Fraxinus, Pinus-K (Pinus koraiensis), and Picea-K (Picea koraiensis), while Larix, Populus, Quercus, and Pinus-T ( ... above-average group (Juglans, Phellodendron, Fraxinus, Pinus-K, Picea-K, Picea-J, Ulmus) were 36%, 55%, 22%, 4%, 22%, ... For C sequestration by both ranking methods, Ulmus, Picea-J, and Larix scored significantly higher than Pinus- ...
Tópico(s): Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
2017 - Elsevier BV | Forest Ecology and Management
Allison M. Jensen, David Fastovich, Ben I. Watson, Jacquelyn L. Gill, Stephen T. Jackson, James M. Russell, Joseph Bevington, Katherine Hayes, Katherine B. Lininger, Claire Rubbelke, G. C. Schellinger, John W. Williams,
... by 2.5–6.5°C and spruce Picea forests/woodlands were replaced by mixed‐deciduous or pine Pinus forests. The demise of Picea forests/woodlands during the last deglaciation offers a ... rising temperatures in driving the regional demise of Picea forests/woodlands is widely accepted, but the role ... studied the effect of changing fire activity on Picea declines and rates of vegetation composition change using ... high‐resolution lake sediment records. The decline of Picea forests/woodlands followed two distinct patterns. At two ...
Tópico(s): Tree-ring climate responses
2020 - Wiley | Journal of Ecology
... nitrate in Betula lenta, B. papyrifera, Fraxinus excelsior, Picea Abies, P. glauca, P. rubens and Pinus resinosa; from thiourea in Larix decidua, Picea Abies, P. glauca and P. rubens; from ethylene ... Pinus resinosa; from zinc oxide in Betula papyrifera, Picea glauca, Pinus Banksiana and P. resinosa; from stratifiaction ... B. papyrifera, B. populifolia, Fraxinus excelsior, Larix decidua, Picea glauca, Pinus resinosa and P. Strobus; and from presoaking in Betula papyrifera, Larix decidua and Picea Abies.The rate of germination was accelerated by ...
Tópico(s): Seed Germination and Physiology
1946 - Canadian Institute of Forestry | The Forestry Chronicle
Konrad Groß, T. Pliant‐Nguyen,
Shoots from two ecologically different evergreen tree species, Picea abies (L.) Karst and Coffea liberica Hiern, were ... and relative water content (RWC) = 88.5% for Picea and at ψ= 0.92 MPa and RWC = ... value was considerably higher in Coffea than in Picea . The osmotic pressures at full water saturation (π ... 1.72 and 2.48 MPa. respectively, for Picea and 1.58 and 1.87 MPa. respectively, ... loss point occurred at 76–77% RWC in Picea and at 86% RWC in Coffea , the proportion ... apoplastic water varied between 22 and 25% in Picea but was only 9–10% in Coffea . The ...
Tópico(s): Tree-ring climate responses
1987 - Wiley | Physiologia Plantarum
T. W. Anderson, Elisabeth Levac, C F M Lewis,
... a diversion from the typical vegetation progression from Picea and/or Populus or Picea/Betula to Pinus and/or Betula, and signifies ... domination in that region was the contraction of Picea populations in other areas. In southwestern New Brunswick and eastern and southeastern Nova Scotia, Picea was replaced by the first appearance of tree ... B. papyrifera; whereas in western and southwestern Newfoundland, Picea gave way to a resurgence of shrub birch, Betula glandulosa. The Picea contraction and immediate resurgence of Betula represents cooling, ...
Tópico(s): Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
2007 - Elsevier BV | Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology
... the long-standing issue of postglacial immigration of Picea abies (Norway spruce) into Scandinavia. The main methodological ... preserved in the soil underneath clonal groups of Picea abies, formed by rooting of branches that over ... Holocene (9500 cal. yr BP). The presence of Picea in the Swedish Scandes at this early stage ... inferences. This date, which places the arrival of Picea very soon after regional deglaciation, is several millennia ... from pollen data. The persistence of some individual Picea clones from the early Holocene thermal optimum to ...
Tópico(s): Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
2011 - Arctic Institute of North America | ARCTIC
Ashley A. Klymiuk, Ruth A. Stockey,
... preserved seed cone extends the fossil record for Picea A. Dietrich (Pinaceae) by ∼75 Ma. • Methods: The ... combination of characters shared only with the genus Picea A. Dietr. and is thus described as Picea burtonii Klymiuk et Stockey sp. nov . Bisaccate pollen attributable to Picea is found in the micropyles of several ovules, ... spruce. Cladistic analyses place P. burtonii with extant Picea and an Oligocene representative of the genus. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that Picea is sister to Cathaya Chun et Kuang, and ...
Tópico(s): Plant and animal studies
2012 - Wiley | American Journal of Botany
... of a wide variety of regeneration systems makes Picea one of the best model species within the ... for the regeneration of whole plants from several Picea tissues as well as the regeneration of plants ... in virtually all tissues capable of regeneration in Picea by a wide array of different gene transfer methods. Numerous Agrobacterium strains infectious to Picea spp. have been identified, and expression of the ... and express foreign genes in protoplasts from two Picea spp. Further, the use of particle acceleration has ...
Tópico(s): Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
1993 - Springer Nature | Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry
... saplings (<2m in height) of the two conifers, Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis , of a sub-boreal ... and competition of the two species were examined. Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis saplings had deep conic and shallow flat crowns, respectively. Picea jezoensis had more foliage mass than Abies sachalinensis ... same sapling mass. It was suggested that the Picea jezoensis sapling has a high cost for assimilation– ... Widely spaced saplings, such as gap successors, of Picea jezoensis had a greater relative growth rate ( a0 ) ...
Tópico(s): Tree-ring climate responses
1996 - Oxford University Press | Annals of Botany
Dai Yaginuma, Hajime Hiromori, Masayoshi Hatsukade,
... fungus, Beauveria amorpha (Strain: HpBa-1), from Heptophylla picea larva. When the larvae were inoculated with HpBa- ... Metarhizium anisopliae (Strain: PMA-7) isolated from H. picea larvae. The high virulence of HpBa-1 to H. picea larvae was analyzed by investigating the conidial adhesion ... Numerous HpBa-1 conidia adhered to the H. picea cuticle and most conidia on the H. picea cuticle remained over time. HpBa-1 conidia germinated on H. picea cuticle 96 h postinoculation. However, few PMA-7 conidia adhered to the H. picea cuticle as compared to HpBa-1 and did ...
Tópico(s): Insect Utilization and Effects
2004 - Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology | Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology
... were studied for two conifers, Abies sachalinensis and Picea glehnii . The abundance of understorey dwarf bamboo ( Sasa ... and elevated woody substrates (fallen logs and buttresses). Picea regenerated mostly on elevated sites, while Abies regenerated ... both ground and elevated sites. The densities of Picea were independent of those of Sasa , but Abies ... on elevated sites was higher than that of Picea , irrespective of Sasa and of the density of ... sapling trunk height between the two conifers, but Picea grew more slowly under the canopy than Abies ...
Tópico(s): Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
1997 - Wiley | Journal of Vegetation Science
... shoots, from two age classes (sample dates) of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea rubra Sarg., and Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., were evaluated for ... rates were high. The higher performance values on Picea glauca were related to this species greater vulnerability ... jours d'intervalle, et provenant d'épinettes blanches ( Picea glauca [Moench] Voss), d'épinettes rouges ( Picea rubra Sarg.) et d'épinettes noires ( Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.). Les femelles ont ...
Tópico(s): Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
1989 - Wiley | Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
... During the Early Pleistocene, coniferous forest, dominated by Picea and Cryptomeria japonica, and taiga composed of Larix and Picea developed under cool/wet and cold/dry climates, ... of Quercus, Ulmus and Juglans (Substage 5e), to Picea-Larix taiga (Substage 5d), cool temperate forest of Quercus and Ulmus (Substage 5c) and Picea-Abies forest (Substage 5b). Compared with present conditions, ... warmer/wetter to colder/drier. Taiga composed of Picea, Pinus and Larix indicating colder/dry conditions during Stage 4, was replaced by Picea-Abies forest and Picea-Larix taiga in Stage ...
Tópico(s): Isotope Analysis in Ecology
1994 - Elsevier BV | Quaternary Science Reviews
Greger Hörnberg, Hanna Staland, Eva‐Maria Nordström, Tom Korsman, Ulf Segerström,
The initial establishment of Picea abies in Sweden and Norway on a landscape level, between 3000 and 1000 years ago, was often preceded by recurrent ... the continuous presence of deciduous trees, i.e. Picea has not established although it has been present ... term vegetation development and fire history in a Picea swamp forest located close ( c. 600 m) to ... pollen spectra. Our results showed that the current Picea swamp forest has developed from a deciduous fen ... fen between 6700 and 2300 cal. yr BP. Picea abies established on the fen around 2200 cal. ...
Tópico(s): Fire effects on ecosystems
2011 - SAGE Publishing | The Holocene
Yanfang Pan, Yan Shun, Hermann Behling, Guijin Mu,
... northern slope of Tianshan Mountains to collect airborne Picea schrenkiana (spruce) pollen grains from July 2001 to July 2006. The results indicate that Picea pollen disperses extensively and transports widely in the ... atmosphere far away from spruce forest. The airborne Picea pollen dispersal period is mainly concentrated between mid-May and July. In desert area, weekly Picea pollen began to increase and peaked suddenly in ... study provided insight into the shift in the Picea pollen season regarding climate change in arid areas. ...
Tópico(s): Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
2012 - Springer Science+Business Media | Aerobiologia
Christopher S. Campbell, Wesley A. Wright, Margaret Cox, Thomas F. Vining, C. Smoot Major, Matthew P. Arsenault,
The nrDNA ITS1 of Picea is 2747–3271 bp, the longest known of all plants. We obtained 24 cloned ITS1 sequences from six individuals of Picea glehnii, Picea mariana, Picea orientalis, and Picea rubens. Mean sequence divergence within these individuals (0. ... be maintained against concerted evolution by separation of Picea 18S–26S rDNA repeats on multiple chromosomes. Picea ITS1 contains three subrepeats with a motif (5′- ...
Tópico(s): Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
2005 - Elsevier BV | Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Andrea D. Kupferschmid, Peter Brang, Walter Schönenberger, Harald Bugmann,
... caused the death of almost all Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees in a mountain forest in the ... height growth were modelled for four tree species (Picea abies, Sorbus aucuparia, Acer pseudoplatanus and Betula pendula) ... independent field data from 8 years after the Picea die-back demonstrated that microsites had a considerable ... microsite-specific parameters, the height and frequency of Picea in each microsite could be simulated more accurately ... into the future suggest that about 330–930 Picea saplings per ha out of those that germinated ...
Tópico(s): Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
2005 - Springer Science+Business Media | European Journal of Forest Research
Om P. Rajora, Bruce P. Dancik,
... evolution of 12 populations of putative Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmanii Parry), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and Engelmann - white spruce natural ... at best be considered as a subspecies of Picea glauca, with white spruce named as Picea glauca ssp. glauca and Engelmann spruce named as Picea glauca ssp. engelmannii.Key words: Picea glauca, Picea engelmannii, biosystematics, natural hybridization, species differentiation, genetic divergence.
Tópico(s): Plant Gene Expression Analysis
2000 - Canadian Science Publishing | Canadian Journal of Botany
Sofia Bodare, Michael Stocks, Jeng‐Chuann Yang, Martin Lascoux,
Taiwan spruce (Picea morrisonicola) is a vulnerable conifer species endemic to the island of Taiwan. A warming climate and competition from ... other spruce species with limited ranges such as Picea breweriana, Picea chihuahuana, and Picea schrenkiana. Importantly, analysis using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) ... additional sequencing was performed in the Chinese spruce Picea wilsonii and combined with previously published data for three other mainland China species, Picea purpurea, Picea likiangensis, and P. schrenkiana. Analysis of ...
Tópico(s): Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
2013 - Wiley | Ecology and Evolution
B. E. Ewers, Ram Oren, N. Phillips, Monika Strömgren, Sune Linder,
... flux-scaled, mean, canopy stomatal conductance (GS) between Picea abies (L.) Karst. in Sweden and Pinus taeda ( ... growing on nutritionally poor soils. Stomatal conductance of Picea abies was approximately half that of Pinus taeda and the sensitivity of GS in Picea abies to vapor pressure deficit (D) was lower ... L) two- and threefold in Pinus taeda and Picea abies, respectively, regardless of whether irrigation was increased. ... increased L, fertilization did not increase GS in Picea abies unless irrigation was also provided. In Pinus ...
Tópico(s): Tree-ring climate responses
2001 - Oxford University Press | Tree Physiology
David A. MacLean, Wayne E. MacKinnon,
... and productivity class were examined in 356 spruce (Picea sp.) n balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) ... current and calculated cumulative defoliation than white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and 15n19% more than red (Picea rubens Sarg.) or black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP). Moderate- to well-drained sites ... dans 356 placettes diOchantillonnage permanentes contenant de liOpinette (Picea sp.) et du sapin baumier (Abies balsamea (L.) ... dOfoliation courante et cumulative calculOe que liOpinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) et 15n19% plus que liOpinette ...
Tópico(s): Rangeland and Wildlife Management
1997 - NRC Research Press | Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Juha Kaitera, Tuomas Kauppila, Jarkko Hantula,
... current‐year cones and needles of 7–8 Picea species were sampled in a northern botanical garden, ... 400 trees of 17 species and varieties of Picea in the garden. Chrysomyxa pirolata was absent in cones of all Picea . No cone rusts were observed in cones of P. rubens and Picea mariana . Aecia of Thekopsora areolata occurred moderately in ... 13%). Thekopsora areolata from cones of the three Picea species showed 100% similarity in ITS2 sequence to ... Samples of Chrysomyxa from needles and cones of Picea and leaves of Ledum palustre had ITS2 sequences ...
Tópico(s): Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
2017 - Wiley | Forest Pathology
James A. Lutz, Soren Struckman, Tucker J. Furniss, Joseph D. Birch, Larissa L. Yocom, Darren McAvoy,
... Colorado Plateau in the 1990s killed most larger Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce) trees. One quarter century later, ... a high-elevation mixed-species forest in the Picea–Abies zone annually for 5 years from 2015 through 2019. We examined the relative contribution of Picea engelmannii to snag and deadwood pools relative to ... relatively high density and basal area of live Picea engelmannii 20 years after the beetle outbreak (36 ... contrasting with the near total mortality of mature Picea in forests nearby. Wood from tree boles ≥ 10- ...
Tópico(s): Forest Insect Ecology and Management
2021 - Springer Nature | Ecological Processes
Rajni Parmar, Federica Cattonaro, Carrie Phillips, S. Vassiliev, Michele Morgante, Om P. Rajora,
... have sequenced the chloroplast genome of red spruce (Picea rubens) for the first time using the single- ... of chloroplast genome sequences using the black spruce (Picea mariana) chloroplast genome as the reference. The assembled ... based on the whole chloroplast genome sequences of Picea rubens and 10 other Picea species revealed high sequence synteny and conservation among 11 Picea species and phylogenetic relationships consistent with their known ... was found in the chloroplast genomes of 11 Picea species.
Tópico(s): Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
2022 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | International Journal of Molecular Sciences