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... knife killing in club, Spelling out China's Pinyin move, Growth 'is no longer yardstick for economic ...
1979 - Gale Group | TDA
... techniques for reducing learner cognitive overload while using pinyin (a phonetic system) to learn the Chinese language. ... commonly used concurrent visual presentations of characters and pinyin, as well as their auditory pronunciations might impose ... and thus eliminate any potential benefits of using pinyin. In this study, learning effects of three computer-based presentation techniques (full on-screen pinyin transcription, partial on-screen pinyin transcription, and no on-screen pinyin) were compared ...
Tópico(s): Multimedia Communication and Technology
2010 - Elsevier BV | Computers in Human Behavior
Gang Han, Yu Yu, Xiangxue Li, Kefei Chen, Hui Li,
... In this paper, we manage to characterize the Pinyin semantics of passwords from the Chinese Netizens (up ... thanks to the well-defined structures of the Pinyin phonetic system. We perform a comprehensive analysis on ... over 4% of passwords from our datasets represent Pinyin (including names), another nearly 5% of passwords represent concatenations of Pinyin and date (i.e., Pinyin with a date prefix/suffix), and the next 17% of passwords are combinations of Pinyin and numeric (non-date) prefix/suffix. A majority ( ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Malware Detection Techniques
2016 - Elsevier BV | Computer Standards & Interfaces
Rachel Hayes‐Harb, Hui-Wen Cheng,
... also shared. The acquisition of Mandarin via the Pinyin and Zhuyin writing systems provides an ecologically valid ... difference in native English speakers' ability to learn Pinyin and Zhuyin grapheme-phoneme correspondences. In Experiment 1, native English speakers assigned to either Pinyin or Zhuyin groups were exposed to Mandarin words ... of two conditions: in the "congruent" condition, the Pinyin forms are possible English spellings for the auditory ... nai> for [nai]); in the "incongruent" condition, the Pinyin forms involve a familiar grapheme representing a novel ...
Tópico(s): Second Language Acquisition and Learning
2016 - Frontiers Media | Frontiers in Psychology
Dongbo Zhang, Chin‐Hsi Lin, Yining Zhang, Yunjeong Choi,
... the same item presented in both characters and pinyin (i.e. the alphabetic system to facilitate the pronunciation of characters). The provision of pinyin substantially increased the test reliability for both groups of learners but the differences between the no-pinyin and pinyin conditions were less marked for FLs than HLs. In the no-pinyin condition, the groups showed no significant score difference, whereas in the pinyin condition, HLs significantly outperformed FLs. The proportion of ... successfully corrected their original choices following provision of pinyin was also notably higher. These findings suggest that ...
Tópico(s): Lexicography and Language Studies
2017 - Taylor & Francis | Language Learning Journal
Huimin Xiao, Caihua Xu, Hetty Rusamy,
Pinyin is a phonological encoding system used to spell modern Chinese Mandarin due to the phonological opacity ... characters. The present study examined the role of Pinyin spelling in the reading abilities of adolescents learning ... 158 Indonesian senior primary students were tested on Pinyin spelling, character production, listening comprehension, depth of vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension. Pinyin spelling skills were assessed by two measures, Pinyin Dictation (sentence dictation in Pinyin) and Pinyin Tagging ( ...
Tópico(s): Second Language Acquisition and Learning
2020 - Frontiers Media | Frontiers in Psychology
Youran Lin, You-Jing Lin, Feng Ryan Wang, Xiyu Wu, Jiangping Kong,
... is non-alphabetic, but children in China learn Pinyin, a Romanised alphabetic system, to facilitate literacy development. ... awareness (PA) develops, and how it interacts with Pinyin in school-aged Mandarin-speaking children in China. ... syllable manipulation and onset-rime oddity tasks) and Pinyin knowledge (Pinyin symbol naming and syllable reading tasks). ANOVAs were ... used to examine the relationships between PA and Pinyin knowledge.Result Syllable awareness has already reached the ... still developing across grades. The ability to name Pinyin symbols decreases over time, while the ability to ...
Tópico(s): Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
2020 - Taylor & Francis | International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
Yixun Li, Xi Chen, Hong Li, Xiaotian Sheng, Liu Chen, Ulla Richardson, Heikki Lyytinen,
Pinyin is an alphabetic script that denotes pronunciations of Chinese characters. Studies have shown that Pinyin instruction enhances both phonological awareness (e.g., Shu ... the present study, we provided a 3‐week Pinyin intervention with a computer‐based Pinyin GraphoGame to disadvantaged migrant children with poor Pinyin skills. A total of 252 first graders who ... large Chinese city were assessed to identify poor Pinyin readers. Fifty‐six 7‐year‐old children with poor Pinyin skills were selected and randomly divided into a ...
Tópico(s): Child Development and Digital Technology
2020 - Wiley | Dyslexia
Yiping Chen, Shimin Fu, Susan D. Iversen, Stephen M. Smith, Paul M. Matthews,
... reading the Chinese alphabetic sound symbols known as pinyin, for which the script-to-sound translation is ... decide whether visually presented, paired Chinese characters or pinyin "sounded like" a word. Results demonstrate that reading Chinese characters and pinyin activate a common brain network including the inferior ... some regions show relatively greater activation for either pinyin or Chinese reading. Reading pinyin led to a greater activation in the inferior ... regions (e.g., the inferior parietal cortex for pinyin and fusiform gyrus for Chinese characters) are candidate ...
Tópico(s): EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
2002 - The MIT Press | Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Ying Liu, Min Wang, Charles A. Perfetti, Brian Brubaker, Su‐Mei Wu, Brian MacWhinney,
... the acoustic shape of the tones, together with pinyin spelling of the spoken syllables (Contour + Pinyin condition); (b) numbers that represent the tones in traditional computer interface, together with pinyin spelling of the spoken syllables (Number + Pinyin condition); and (c) visual pitch contours without pinyin spelling (Contour Only condition). Analyses of student activity ... learning condition. The results suggested that the Contour + Pinyin condition had more error reduction in tone recognition ... from the pretest to posttest than the Number + Pinyin condition. These findings point at the value of ...
Tópico(s): Hearing Impairment and Communication
2011 - Wiley | Language Learning
... experiments to investigate subsyllabic unit preference in reading Pinyin in Chinese kindergarteners. Pinyin is an alphabetic transcription used in Mainland China ... children in learning to read Chinese characters. In Pinyin instruction, teachers rely heavily on onset-rime division. ... encourages body-coda division. In Experiment 1, a Pinyin analogy task was employed in which children were asked to read 16 groups of CVC pseudo-Pinyin syllables with different shared subsyllabic units (i.e., ... administered using 16 lists of three CVC pseudo-Pinyin syllables and recall error patterns were analyzed. In ...
Tópico(s): Language Development and Disorders
2011 - Elsevier BV | Contemporary Educational Psychology
... print. One of the characters was written in Pinyin, the alphabetic system that Chinese children learn in ... was to select a character to replace the Pinyin. The first experiment showed that third graders and ... escritas. Uno de los caracteres fue escrito en Pinyin, el sistema alfabético que los niños chinos aprenden ... niños fue seleccionar un carácter para reemplazar el Pinyin. El primer experimento mostró que los niños de ... nicht gesehen hatten. Eines der Schriftzeichen war in Pinyin geschrieben, dem alphabetischen System, das Kinder in den ...
Tópico(s): Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
1997 - Wiley | Reading Research Quarterly
Hai Zhao, Deng Cai, Yang Xin, Yuzhu Wang, Zhongye Jia,
... conditional random fields: the confusion of “在” ( at ) (pinyin is zai in Chinese), “再” ( again , more , then ) (pinyin: zai ) and “的” ( of ) (pinyin: de ), “地” (- ly , adverb-forming particle) (pinyin: de ), and “得” ( so that , have to ) (pinyin: de ). Finally, a rule-based model is exploited to distinguish pronoun usage confusion: “她” ( she ) (pinyin: ta ), “他” ( he ) (pinyin: ta ), and some other common collocation errors. The ...
Tópico(s): Topic Modeling
2017 - Association for Computing Machinery | ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing
... study investigated Chinese kindergarteners' sensitivity to regularities in pinyin, an alphabetic coding system for non-alphabetic Chinese ... and 5-year-olds from Beijing took a pinyin decision task and a pinyin learning task and were assessed on Chinese word ... non-verbal IQ. Sensitivity to letter patterns in pinyin spellings and sensitivity to letter-sound correspondences in pinyin syllables appeared in 5-year-olds. After statistically ... and IQ, sensitivity to letter-sound correspondences in pinyin syllables explained 4% additional variance in Chinese word ...
Tópico(s): Language Development and Disorders
2017 - Taylor & Francis | Language Cognition and Neuroscience
Lin Chen, Charles A. Perfetti, Xiaoping Fang, Li–Yun Chang, Scott H. Fraundorf,
... do skilled Chinese readers, accustomed to characters, process Pinyin, a phonemic transcription of Chinese? Does the orthography ... judgment on a two-syllable word written in Pinyin. Immediately following, they responded to a character whose ... was related to the character corresponding to the Pinyin. In Experiments 1 and 3, participant named the ... were part of the character corresponding to the Pinyin. In Experiments 2 and 4, participants named the ... was shared with the character corresponding to the Pinyin. The results indicate that access to lexical representations ...
Tópico(s): Writing and Handwriting Education
2019 - Taylor & Francis | Language Cognition and Neuroscience
Zhou Wei, Veronica P. Y. Kwok, Mengmeng Su, Jin Luo, Li Hai Tan,
... devices require knowledge in typewriting, typically with the pinyin input method in China. Yet, the over utilization of the pronunciation-based pinyin input method may violate the traditional learning processes ... magnetic resonance imaging to examine the influence of pinyin typing on reading neurodevelopment of intermediate Chinese readers ( ... 11). We found that, relative to less frequent pinyin users, more frequent pinyin users showed an overall weaker pattern of cortical ... in performing reading tasks. In addition, more frequent pinyin typists had relatively less gray matter volume in ...
Tópico(s): Writing and Handwriting Education
2020 - Nature Portfolio | npj Science of Learning
Li Hai Tan, Min Xu, Chunqi Chang, Wai Ting Siok,
... to use electronic communication devices based on the pinyin input method, which associates phonemes and English letters with characters. When children use pinyin to key in letters, their spelling no longer ... indispensable to Chinese reading, and, thus, typing in pinyin may conflict with the traditional learning processes for ... Chinese. We therefore tested character reading ability and pinyin use by primary school children in three Chinese ... significantly negatively correlated with their use of the pinyin input method, suggesting that pinyin typing on e- ...
Tópico(s): Hearing Impairment and Communication
2012 - National Academy of Sciences | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
... Copy) program; a combined program of copying and Pinyin knowledge (Copy + Pinyin); and a combined program of copying and morphological ... mainland China (30 in Copy, 32 in Copy + Pinyin, 35 in Copy + MA) participated. Thirty untrained children ... IQ, morphological awareness, orthographic awareness, phonological awareness, invented Pinyin spelling, word reading and writing skills in Chinese. ... skills. Furthermore, the combined program of copying and Pinyin knowledge yielded significantly greater improvement in invented Pinyin ...
Tópico(s): Language Development and Disorders
2016 - SAGE Publishing | International Journal of Behavioral Development
Han Yuan, Eliane Segers, Ludo Verhoeven,
... present study investigated the influence of phonological awareness, Pinyin letter knowledge, and visual perception skills on Chinese ... awareness, onset-end rhyme awareness, and tone awareness), Pinyin letter naming, and visual perception (visual discrimination and ... awareness, but not by visual perception skills or Pinyin letter knowledge. Analyses further indicated that Pinyin letter knowledge moderated the relationship between tone awareness ... transition from phonological awareness to early literacy, while Pinyin letter knowledge can help children to make the ...
Tópico(s): Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
2022 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Behavioral Sciences
May Jane Chen, Joseph Chak-Kau Yuen,
... to read Chinese using a simplified script by pinyin, an alphabetic system. Taiwanese children learn Chinese using traditional characters and pinyin, Hong Kong children also learn Chinese with traditional characters, but without pinyin. The effects of these experiences were assessed by ... nonwords as real words. These results suggest that pinyin training helps readers pronounce unfamiliar words by facilitating ...
Tópico(s): Language Development and Disorders
1991 - SAGE Publishing | International Journal of Behavioral Development
Minghu Jiang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Georges Gielen, Elliott F. Drábek, Ying Xia, Gang Tan, Ta Bao,
... be divided into two stages: Braille to Chinese pinyin (a phonemic Romanization) and pinyin to characters. By incorporating a pinyin knowledge dictionary into the system, we have perfectly ... of ambiguity in the translation from Braille to pinyin and developed a statistical language model based on the transformation of pinyin to characters. By using Viterbi search, we have ...
Tópico(s): Hand Gesture Recognition Systems
2002 - Elsevier BV | Information and Software Technology
Li Yin, Wenling Li, Xi Chen, Richard C. Anderson, Jie Zhang, Hua Shu, Wei Jiang,
... schooling, or the relationship between tone awareness and pinyin instruction, a demonstrated booster for phonological awareness in ... by investigating the relationship between tone awareness and pinyin proficiency, and the contribution of each construct to ... compared the relative contribution of tone awareness and pinyin proficiency to Chinese reading, and Experiment 2 explored ... sentence reading when entered with onset awareness and pinyin proficiency measures (Experiment 1); and that tone awareness ...
Tópico(s): Language Development and Disorders
2011 - Taylor & Francis | Writing Systems Research
Min Wang, Chuchu Li, Candise Y. Lin,
... nor tonal information is explicitly represented, whereas in Pinyin, an alphabetic transcription of the character, both are ... which in turn facilitated target character naming. When Pinyin served as the primes (Experiment 2), the explicit ... Chinese speakers were faster to name characters than Pinyin in a simple naming task (Experiment 3), suggesting that Pinyin may be read via a phonological assembly route, ... the reading aloud of logographic characters versus alphabetic Pinyin script.
Tópico(s): Second Language Acquisition and Learning
2015 - Public Library of Science | PLoS ONE
Abstract Pinyin is a sound‐annotating system for Chinese characters using Roman letters. Teaching and learning Pinyin has been an important educational practice in Mainland ... been controversial. This study examined the roles of Pinyin skill in Chinese‐English biliteracy learning among a ... program across one academic year and found that Pinyin facilitates subsequent Chinese word reading at no cost ...
Tópico(s): Second Language Acquisition and Learning
2017 - Wiley | Foreign Language Annals
Dan Lin, Catherine McBride‐Chang, Hua Shu, Yuping Zhang, Hong Li, Juan Zhang, Dorit Aram, Iris Levin,
The present study examined invented spelling of pinyin (a phonological coding system for teaching and learning Chinese words) in relation to subsequent Chinese reading development. Among 296 Chinese kindergartners in Beijing, independent invented pinyin spelling was found to be uniquely predictive of ... results underscore the importance of children’s early pinyin representations for Chinese reading acquisition, both theoretically and ... of a universal phonological principle and indicate that pinyin is potentially an ideal measure of phonological awareness ...
Tópico(s): Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
2010 - SAGE Publishing | Psychological Science
... an experiment designed to investigate the effectiveness of pinyin (a phonic transcription system) in learning vocabulary of ... of the vertical and horizontal layouts of characters, pinyin, and English translations were compared. Results indicated a ... the commonly used horizontal layout format for presenting pinyin may impose high levels of cognitive load and ...
Tópico(s): EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
2011 - Wiley | Language Learning
Fan Cao, Marianne Vu, Derek Ho Lung Chan, Jason Lawrence, Lindsay Harris, Qun Guan, Yi Xu, Charles A. Perfetti,
... character‐writing condition and 30 characters in a pinyin‐writing condition. After learning, functional magnetic resonance imaging ... of character writing in greater activation (relative to pinyin writing) in bilateral superior parietal lobules and bilateral ... cortex (SMC) for character‐writing trained characters than pinyin‐writing trained characters in the lexical decision task, ... greater activation in bilateral middle temporal gyri, whereas pinyin‐writing training facilitates connections with phonology by producing ...
Tópico(s): Writing and Handwriting Education
2012 - Wiley | Human Brain Mapping
Xiaolong Wang, Qingcai Chen, Daniel Yeung,
... set technique for solving the problem of mining Pinyin-to-character (PTC) conversion rules. It first presents ... language information table from a corpus for each pinyin, which it will then apply to a free- ... be achieved even for rules represented directly by pinyin rather than words. A comparison with the baseline ...
Tópico(s): Web Data Mining and Analysis
2004 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics)
Yi Ding, Ru-De Liu, Catherine McBride, Dake Zhang,
This study examined analytical pinyin (a phonological coding system for teaching pronunciation and lexical tones of Chinese characters) skills in 54 Mandarin-speaking fourth graders ... awareness, lexical tones, and tone sandhi in Chinese. Pinyin invented spelling was significantly correlated with Chinese character ... readers. To differentiate readers at different levels, the pinyin invented spelling task, which examined both segmental and ...
Tópico(s): Language Development and Disorders
2014 - SAGE Publishing | Journal of Learning Disabilities
Weili Han, Zhigong Li, Lang Yuan, Wenyuan Xu,
... that they are familiar with, e.g., Chinese Pinyins for Chinese and English words for English-dominant ... of various Chinese input methods, in addition to Pinyin. Third, we observe that both Chinese and English- ... efficiency increases by up to 48% after inserting Pinyins (about 2.3% more entries) into the attack ... 4.7% after we increase the percentage of Pinyins in the training set. Our research sheds light ...
Tópico(s): Spam and Phishing Detection
2015 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security