Robert G. Russell, Ben D. Tall, J. Glenn Morris,
A modified removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea (RITARD) model was used to investigate the intestinal pathology, ... strains of non-O1 V. cholerae were studied. RITARD rabbits challenged with 10(3) CFU of strain ... and mortality at less than 24 h in RITARD rabbits challenged with 10(9) CFU and at less than 48 h in RITARD rabbits challenged with 10(4) CFU. Electron and ... luminal epithelial cells of the intestine. Challenge of RITARD rabbits with non-O1 V. cholerae A-5 ... g). Our data highlight the utility of the RITARD model, when combined with appropriate pathologic and bacteriologic ...
Tópico(s): Cassava research and cyanide
1992 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
P. A. M. Guiñée, Wouter Jansen, Pascale Peters,
... developed by Spira et al. and designated the RITARD (for removable intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhea) model ( ... of the challenge material. The main difference between RITARD and DISC is that in the latter model ... von Spira u. Mitarb. (20) entworfen und als RITARD (removable intestinal tieadult rabbit diarrhea) bezeichnet wurde. Unsere ... intraduodenale Impfung (DI) von Bakterien. Der Unterschied zwischen RITARD und DISC liegt darin, daß beim DISC die ...
Tópico(s): Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
1985 - Gustav Fischer Verlag | Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene Series A Medical Microbiology Infectious Diseases Virology Parasitology
... of these studies focus on modeling the final ritard: the typical slowing down at the end of ... but informal discussion of models of the final ritard, including some of the problems that these kinematic ...
Tópico(s): Music Technology and Sound Studies
2003 - The MIT Press | Computer Music Journal
... at least four independent “timing strategies”: (1) major ritards at the ends of melodic gestures; (2) acceleration within some of these gestures, without final ritards; (3) extreme lengthening of the initial downbeat; and (4) ritards between as well as within melodic gestures. Strategies ...
Tópico(s): Music Technology and Sound Studies
1998 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Tushar Suvra Bhowmick, Hemanta Koley, Mayukh Das, Dhira Rani Saha, B L Sarkar,
... using the removable intestinal tie–adult rabbit diarrhoea (RITARD) model. A control rabbit challenged with 109 colony- ...
Tópico(s): Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
2009 - Elsevier BV | International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
... loop. The removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhoea (RITARD) model, originally developed to investigate the pathogenesis of ... protection against rechallenge (60). An alternative to the RITARD model is the rabbit ileal loop test (RILT). ...
Tópico(s): Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
2001 - Oxford University Press | Journal of Applied Microbiology
M. John Albert, Khorshed Alam, Moydul Islam, Jacqueline Montanaro, A.S.M.H. Rahaman, K Haider, M. Anowar Hossain, A K Kibriya, Saul Tzipori,
... intestinal ties (removable intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhea [RITARD] assay) and in 1 of 2 orally fed ... induced with Escherichia coli K-12 in eight RITARD assay rabbits and three orally fed rabbits, respectively. ...
Tópico(s): Gut microbiota and health
1991 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
Tracey L. Mynott, D S Chandler, Richard K.J. Luke,
... ETEC). The removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea (RITARD) model was used to test the efficacy of ...
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
1991 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
... ii) the removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea (RITARD) model, and (iii) the suckling mouse model. Both ... derived from strain 395 exhibited adherence. In the RITARD model, the motile El Tor strains were more ...
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
1991 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
D H Burr, M B Caldwell, A. Louis Bourgeois, H. R. Morgan, Richard Wistar, Richard I. Walker,
... using the removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea (RITARD) model and monitoring for resistance to colonization and ... development of bacteremia after homologous challenge by the RITARD procedure but were not resistant to heterologous challenges. ...
Tópico(s): Animal Nutrition and Physiology
1988 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
Yolanda López‐Vidal, Christina Åhrén, Ann‐Mari Svennerholm,
... in a rabbit non‐ligated intestine model, the RITARD model. Infection with 10 11 mutant bacteria induced ... negative control strain. An initial infection in the RITARD model with the CFA‐deficient mutant offered highly ...
Tópico(s): Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
1987 - Wiley | Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series B Microbiology
Judith A. Davis, Ron E. Banks,
The Removable Intestinal Tie–Adult Rabbit Diarrhea (RITARD) procedure is the surgical model of choice for studying pathogenesis of diarrheas of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Aeromonas origin. Other than nonhuman primates, the RITARD rabbit is the only model that closely resembles human infection. Classically, the RITARD model is created by isolating the terminal ileum ...
Tópico(s): Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
1991 - Taylor & Francis | Journal of Investigative Surgery
Priyadarshini Mukherjee, Vivek Mondal, Ushasi Bhaumik, Ritam Sinha, Sounak Sarkar, Soma Mitra, Debaki Ranjan Howlader, Suhrid Maiti, Asish K. Mukhopadhyay, Shanta Dutta, Hemanta Koley,
Multiple diarrheagenic enteric bacterial infections cause global morbidity and mortality. A combination vaccine is needed to combat different diarrhea-causing organisms. In our present work, we formulated a combination of antigens from three different diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains and three different Vibrio cholerae strains. We demonstrated that our newly formulated combination immunogen was able to raise species-specific immunogenicity. This formulation also gave protection against different ...
Tópico(s): Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
2019 - Elsevier BV | Microbes and Infection
Ritam Sinha, Hemanta Koley, Dhrubajyoti Nag, Soma Mitra, Asish K. Mukhopadhyay, B. Chattopadhyay,
... cholerae induced serogroup specific protective immunity in the RITARD model. In our present study, we advanced our ...
Tópico(s): Legionella and Acanthamoeba research
2014 - Elsevier BV | Microbes and Infection
Chandrika Murugaiah, Nik Mohd Noor Nik Zuraina, Shyamoli Mustafa, Manickam Ravichandran, Lalitha Pattabhiraman,
... 4. Following Removable Intestinal Tie Adult Rabbit Diarrhoea (RITARD) experiment, the non-immunized rabbits were found not ...
Tópico(s): Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
2014 - Public Library of Science | PLoS ONE
Francis O. Eko, T. N. Schukovskaya, E.Y. Lotzmanova, В. В. Фирстова, N.V. Emalyanova, Svetlana N. Klueva, A.L. Kravtzov, Л. Ф. Ливанова, Владимир Кутырев, Joseph U. Igietseme, Werner Lubitz,
... in the reversible intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea (RITARD) model. Rabbits were orally immunized with different doses ...
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
2003 - Elsevier BV | Vaccine
M. Thungapathra, Charu Sharma, Naveen Gupta, R. Ghosh, Asish K. Mukhopadhyay, Hemanta Koley, G. Balakrish Nair, Amit Ghosh,
... to produce copious amounts of CTB. In the RITARD model this strain was found to be non- ...
Tópico(s): Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
1999 - Elsevier BV | Immunology Letters
Simon J. Elliott, S. Srinivas, M. John Albert, Khorshed Alam, Roy M. Robins‐Browne, Stuart Gunzburg, Brian J. Mee, Barbara J. Chang,
... cell elongation. DHEC strains were enteropathogenic in the RITARD (reversible intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea) model of ...
Tópico(s): Probiotics and Fermented Foods
1998 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
Zia Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Mainul Hoque, Abu Syed Mohammad Hamidur Rahman, Richard Sack,
... by oral feeding of the vaccine followed by RITARD challenge with a virulent V. cholerae O1 strain ...
Tópico(s): Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
1994 - Wiley | Microbiology and Immunology
Patricia Guerry, P M Pope, D H Burr, J Leifer, Sudha Joseph, A. Louis Bourgeois,
... 81-176 against subsequent homologous challenge in the RITARD (removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea) model.
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
1994 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
... other evidence of virulence caused diarrhoea in the RITARD rabbit model.
Tópico(s): Gut microbiota and health
1992 - Wiley | Acta Paediatrica
Jacob Feldman, David Epstein, Whitman Richards,
... Five expertly performed samples of real music (two ritards and two accelerandos from European classical music, and ...
Tópico(s): Music Technology and Sound Studies
1992 - University of California Press | Music Perception An Interdisciplinary Journal
O R Pavlovskis, David M. Rollins, Richard L. Haberberger, A E Green, L Habash, S Strocko, Richard I. Walker,
... by the removable intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea (RITARD) procedure. When immunized animals were challenged with different ...
Tópico(s): Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
1991 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
Ann‐Mari Svennerholm, Christine Wennerås, Jan Holmgren, Moyra M. McConnell, B. Rowe,
... was studied in a nonligated rabbit intestine model (RITARD). Infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) carrying CS3 ...
Tópico(s): Gut microbiota and health
1990 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
Susan M. Logan, Patricia Guerry, David M. Rollins, D H Burr, T J Trust,
... by the removable intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhea (RITARD) procedure. Rabbits infected with P2 cells shed predominantly ...
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
1989 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
R. Bradley Sack, Richard L. Kline, William M. Spira,
... intestinal mucosa. We have determined in a modified RITARD model the relative protection against intraintestinal challenge afforded ...
Tópico(s): Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
1988 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
N. F. Pierce, William C. Cray, James B. Kaper, John J. Mekalanos,
... ileum or induction of choleralike diarrhea by the RITARD (removable intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhea) challenge technique ...
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
1988 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity
T. Pang, P. Y. Wong, S D Puthucheary, Kadiman Sihotang, Wen-Hsiung Chang,
... filtrate. The Removable Intestinal Tie Adult Rabbit Diarrhoea (RITARD) assay was also used. Rabbits given CT-producing ...
Tópico(s): Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
1987 - Microbiology Society | Journal of Medical Microbiology
Nils Lycke, Ann‐Mari Svennerholm, Jan Holmgren,
... Tor V. cholerae 01 organisms in rabbits (the RITARD model) also gives protection against cholera caused by ...
Tópico(s): Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
1986 - Elsevier BV | Microbial Pathogenesis
Eiji Tokunaga, William C. Cray, N. F. Pierce,
... effective dose of a virulent strain by the RITARD technique. In contrast, an inoculum of 10(4) ...
Tópico(s): Escherichia coli research studies
1984 - American Society for Microbiology | Infection and Immunity