By Fred Emery Political Editor, From John Chartres, From Christopher Thomas, From Arthur Osman, From Peter Hazelhurst, By Donald Macintyre Labour Reporter, By Our Labour Editor, By David Felton Labour Reporter, From Our Correspondent, By Our Political Editor, By Michael Baily Shipping Correspondent, By Paul Routledge Labour Editor, By Frances Gibb, By Pat Healy Social Services Correspondent, By Our Transport Correspondent, By Richard Garner, By Our Legal Correspondent, By Peter Hennessy, By Lucy Hodges, By Peter Evans Home Affairs Correspondent, From Diana Geddes Education Correspondent, By Martin Huckerby theatre Reporter, By John Young Planning Reporter, John Chartres, From Michael Hornsby, From Our Own Correspondent, From Richard Wigg, From Patricia Clough, From Ian Murray, From Michael Binyon, From David Bonavia, From David Watts, By Our Foreign Staff, From M. G. G. Pillai, From Tewfik Mishlawi, By David Spanier Diplomatic Correspondent, From David Cross, From Michael Leapman, From Dessa Trevisan, From Christopher Walker, By Arthur Reed Air Correspondent, From Nicholas Ashford, Sheridan Morley, John Russell Taylor, Max Harrison, Stanley Sadie, Joan Bakewell, Ned Chaillet, Anthony Masters, Peter Davies, By a Special Correspondent, By Nicholas Keith, By Rex Bellamy Tennis Correspondent, By Keith Macklin, By Nicholas Harling, By Peter West Rugby Correspondent, By Srikumar Sen Boxing Correspondent, By Michael Seely, Bernard Levin, A special correspondent, Alan Hamilton, Philip Howard, G. W. THOMS, , RICHARD WELCH, , BRIAN STEVENS, , JANE McCULLOCH, , ERIC LINDSAY, , TOM WHITE, , IAN GIRVAN, , TAM DALYELL, , YORICK WILKS, , RICHARD LINDLEY, , LIONEL BLOCH, , RACHEL MILLEN, , F. W. WEYER, , RALPH ROCHESTER, , TOM SCOTT, , MARCUS WHEELER, , ROGER DOULTON, , OLIVIA HOLMES, , Jane Prior, Caroline Moorehead, From a Special Correspondent, By the staff of Nature, By Geraldine Norman Sale Room Correspondent, By Kenneth Gosling, By Our Theatre Reporter, By John Whitmore, By Our Financial Correspondent, By Clifford Webb Midland Industrial Correspondent, From Peter Norman, Patricia Tisdall, By Our Financial Staff, By Philip Robinson, By Melvyn Westlake, By Derek Harris Commercial Editor, By Nicholas Hirst Energy Correspondent, By David Hewson, BY THE FINANCIAL EDITOR, David Hewson, Hugh Stephenson, Paul Twyman, Michael Leapman, RON READ, WILFRED ASPINALL, , A. J. BROWN, , MICHAEL BEENSTOCK, , MAX McGLASHAN, , A. H. DALTON, , F. B. PORGES, , JAMES J. FOLEY, , By Michael Prest Mining Correspondent, Kenneth Owen, By Catherine Gunn, By Rosemary Unsworth, By Peter Wainwright, by Peter Dear,
... only, Plans nearly ready to house prisoners in overflow from cells, French news agency man held in ...
1980 - Gale Group | TDA
Junda He, Xin Zhou, Bowen Xu, Ting Zhang, Kisub Kim, Zhou Yang, Ferdian Thung, Ivana Clairine Irsan, David Lo,
The tremendous success of Stack Overflow has accumulated an extensive corpus of software engineering knowledge, thus motivating researchers to propose various solutions for analyzing its content. ... significantly on the selection of representation models for Stack Overflow posts. As the volume of literature on Stack Overflow continues to burgeon, it highlights the need for a powerful Stack Overflow post representation model and drives researchers’ interest in ... models that can adeptly capture the intricacies of Stack Overflow posts. The state-of-the-art (SOTA) Stack ...
Tópico(s): Machine Learning in Materials Science
2023 - Association for Computing Machinery | ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology
A. Podmore, Frederick Grundy, F. W. Wilson, Mrs. Rosita Forbes, M. J. G. Ritchie, Yarborough, Alfred Weintraud, Justitia, Phyllis M. Gent, M. L. R., Edward, Arthur Chadwick, R. J. Barrett Managing Editor of the "Financial Times", A. Montague Jordan, V. T. Barr Secretary, Laurance Woodhouse, Lloyd George, Edmund Gosse, Sydney W. Carroll, T. P. O'Connor M. P., Roland Atkinson, H. Wildon Carr Professor, L. Van Vliet, S. Bullerd, Hannen Swaffer, Chas. Price, Percy Haselden, H. F., Gerald Biss, W. P. Newbegin, H. C. Minohin, R. J. Barrett Financial Editor,
... Salute New 'Phone Exchange Chancery to Meet Holborn Overflow London Flat Discovery Forgiving Shipowner Granted Divorce Salaries ... Devoted Care Colonel's Recognition in his Will Stack Fire Epidemic Twelve-Year-Old Life Saver The ...
1921 - Gale Group | Sunday Times HA GDA
Gordon Burtch, Dokyun Lee, Zhichen Chen,
... provide initial evidence of this, analyzing data from Stack Overflow and Reddit developer communities between October 2021 and ... in both website visits and question volumes at Stack Overflow, particularly around topics where ChatGPT excels. By contrast, ... of LLMs. Finally, the decline in participation on Stack Overflow is found to be concentrated among newer users, ...
Tópico(s): Topic Modeling
2024 - Nature Portfolio | Scientific Reports
... on the widely used question and answer website Stack Overflow. By qualitatively analyzing sentimental expressions of practitioners, which we extract from the Stack Overflow dataset using sentiment analysis tools, we discern factors ...
Tópico(s): Software Testing and Debugging Techniques
2023 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Systems and Software
Ke Liu, Xiang Chen, Chunyang Chen, Xiaofei Xie, Zhanqi Cui,
In Stack Overflow, developers may not clarify and summarize the critical problems in the question titles due to a lack ... formative study. Specifically, by mining modification logs from Stack Overflow, we first extract title reformulation pairs containing the ...
Tópico(s): Expert finding and Q&A systems
2023 - IEEE Computer Society | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Khalid Mahmood, Ghulam Rasool, Fatima Sabir, Atifa Athar,
... based application' issues on online forums, such as Stack Overflow (SO). This study aims to highlight the problems ...
Tópico(s): Software Engineering Research
2023 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Access
Fengji Zhang, Jin Liu, Yao Wan, Xiao Yu, Xiao Liu, Jacky Keung,
Stack Overflow is one of the most popular programming communities where developers can seek help for their encountered ...
Tópico(s): Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
2023 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Systems and Software
Morteza Verdi, Ashkan Sami, Jafar Akhondali, Foutse Khomh, Gias Uddin, Alireza Karami Motlagh,
... programming solutions in Q&A sites like Stack Overflow, Stack Exchange, Android forum, and so on. The reuse ... vulnerabilities in the C++ code snippets shared on Stack Overflow over a period of 10 years. In collaborative ... investigated code snippets are still not corrected on Stack Overflow. The 99 vulnerable code snippets found in Stack Overflow were reused in a total of 2859 GitHub ... improve the quality of code snippets shared on Stack Overflow, we developed a browser extension that allows Stack Overflow users to be notified for vulnerabilities in code ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Malware Detection Techniques
2020 - IEEE Computer Society | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Xin-Li Yang, David Lo, Xin Xia, Zhi-Yuan Wan, Jian-Ling Sun,
... scale study on security-related questions on Stack Overflow. Stack Overflow is a popular on-line question and answer ... different topics among the numerous questions posted on Stack Overflow and security-related questions occupy a large proportion ...
Tópico(s): Topic Modeling
2016 - Springer Science+Business Media | Journal of Computer Science and Technology
... specifically ChatGPT, on users’ voluntary knowledge contribution on Stack Overflow, one of the largest Q&A platforms. Leveraging ...
Tópico(s): AI in Service Interactions
2023 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
Nicholas D. Matsakis, Felix S. Klock,
... runtime guarantee the absence of data races, buffer overflows, stack overflows, and accesses to uninitialized or deallocated memory.
Tópico(s): Advanced Data Storage Technologies
2014 - Association for Computing Machinery | ACM SIGAda Ada Letters
Community Question Answering (CQA) forums, such as Stack Overflow, Stack Exchange and Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) forums, spend a lot of manpower and time to manage duplicate questions on the forum. ...
Tópico(s): Natural Language Processing Techniques
2020 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Access
Hadi Fadlallah, Rima Kilany, Houssein Dhayne, Rami El Haddad, Rafiqul Haque, Yéhia Taher, Ali Jaber,
... was validated using radiation wireless sensor data and Stack Overflow users’ data to show that it can be ...
Tópico(s): Cloud Data Security Solutions
2023 - Association for Computing Machinery | Journal of Data and Information Quality
Yongliang Wu, Xuejun Wang, Wenbin Zhao, Xiaofeng Lv,
... of experiments on four extensive and varied datasets (Stack Overflow, DBLP, Yelp, and Zhihu) illustrate that TCGNN leads ...
Tópico(s): Expert finding and Q&A systems
2023 - Elsevier BV | Information Sciences
Shangqing Liu, Xiaofei Xie, Jingkai Siow, Lei Ma, Guozhu Meng, Yang Liu,
... of available programs such as (on GitHub or Stack Overflow), identifying and localizing the precise code is critical ...
Tópico(s): Software System Performance and Reliability
2023 - IEEE Computer Society | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Gordon Burtch, Dokyun Lee, Zhichen Chen,
... 2021 and March 2023, capturing content posted to Stack Overflow and Reddit related to the most popular StackOverflow ...
Tópico(s): Digital Marketing and Social Media
2023 - RELX Group (Netherlands) | SSRN Electronic Journal
Jiakun Liu, Xin Xia, David Lo, Haoxiang Zhang, Ying Zou, Ahmed E. Hassan, Shanping Li,
Stack Overflow hosts valuable programming-related knowledge with 11,926,354 links that reference to the third-party ... that reference to the resources hosted outside the Stack Overflow websites extend the Stack Overflow knowledge base substantially. However, with the rapid development ... available anymore. Based on our analysis of the Stack Overflow data that was released on Jun. 2, 2019, 14.2 percent of the links on Stack Overflow are broken links. The broken links on Stack Overflow can obstruct viewers from obtaining desired programming-related ...
Tópico(s): Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
2021 - IEEE Computer Society | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Sebastian Baltes, Christoph Treude, Martin P. Robillard,
... often on community question answering platforms such as Stack Overflow. Such information sharing platforms do not exist in ... of helping to improve the information diffusion between Stack Overflow and other documentation resources, we conducted a study ... of how and why documentation is referenced in Stack Overflow threads. We sampled and classified 759 links from ... awareness, and recommendations. We found that links on Stack Overflow serve a wide range of distinct purposes, ranging from citation links attributing content copied into Stack Overflow, over links clarifying concepts using Wikipedia pages, to ...
Tópico(s): Topic Modeling
2020 - IEEE Computer Society | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul, Jens Krinke, Matheus Paixão, Giuseppe Bianco, Rocco Oliveto,
... copied from software projects or online sources to Stack Overflow as examples. Due to an absence of a ... mechanism after the code has been copied to Stack Overflow, they can become toxic code snippets, e.g., ... present a study of online code clones on Stack Overflow and their toxicity by incorporating two developer surveys ... clone detection. A survey of 201 high-reputation Stack Overflow answerers (33% response rate) showed that 131 participants ( ... licensing conflicts between their copied code snippets and Stack Overflow's CC BY-SA 3.0. A survey ...
Tópico(s): Software Testing and Debugging Techniques
2019 - IEEE Computer Society | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Rabe Abdalkareem, Emad Shihab, Juergen Rilling,
... developers better understand how to effectively use Stack Overflow, can help Stack Overflow designers improve their platform, and can help the research community understand Stack Overflow's strengths and weaknesses as a development tool. ...
Tópico(s): Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing
2017 - IEEE Computer Society | IEEE Software
Haoxiang Zhang, Shaowei Wang, Heng Li, Tse-Hsun Chen, Ahmed E. Hassan,
Stack Overflow hosts millions of solutions that aim to solve developers' programming issues. In this crowdsourced question answering process, Stack Overflow becomes a code hosting website where developers actively share its code. However, code snippets on Stack Overflow may contain security vulnerabilities, and if shared carelessly, ... CWE types are detected in $Code_w$ on Stack Overflow. Particularly, CWE-119, i.e., improper restriction of ... insights to users who share code snippets on Stack Overflow so that they are aware of the potential ...
Tópico(s): Software System Performance and Reliability
2021 - IEEE Computer Society | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Yuhao Wu, Shaowei Wang, Cor‐Paul Bezemer, Katsuro Inoue,
... question and answer Q&A platforms, such as Stack Overflow, provide a platform for users to ask and ... code that has an explicit reference to a Stack Overflow post. Our goal is to understand how developers ... files, developers needed to modify source code from Stack Overflow to make it work in their own projects. ... algorithm from scratch based on the descriptions from Stack Overflow answers, even if there was an implementation readily ... 35.5% of the studied files, developers used Stack Overflow posts as an information source for later reference. ...
Tópico(s): Expert finding and Q&A systems
2018 - Springer Science+Business Media | Empirical Software Engineering
Yun Zhang, David Lo, Xin Xia, Jian-Ling Sun,
Stack Overflow is a popular on-line question and answer site for software developers to share their experience and expertise. Among the numerous questions posted in Stack Overflow, two or more of them may express the ... are duplicates of one another. Duplicate questions make Stack Overflow site maintenance harder, waste resources that could have ... available. To reduce the problem of duplicate questions, Stack Overflow allows questions to be manually marked as duplicates ... Since there are thousands of questions submitted to Stack Overflow every day, manually identifying duplicate questions is a ...
Tópico(s): Expert finding and Q&A systems
2015 - Springer Science+Business Media | Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Haoxiang Zhang, Shaowei Wang, Tse-Hsun Chen, Ahmed E. Hassan,
Stack Overflow is one of the most active communities for developers to share their programming knowledge. Answers posted on Stack Overflow help developers solve issues during software development. In ... of knowledge on top of the commonly-studied Stack Overflow answers. In this study, we wish to understand ... some comments contain content that is discouraged by Stack Overflow. 2) The majority of commenting activities occur after ... developers, we also provide actionable suggestions to encourage Stack Overflow users/engineers/moderators to leverage our insights for ...
Tópico(s): Topic Modeling
2019 - IEEE Computer Society | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Fabio Calefato, Filippo Lanubile, Nicole Novielli,
The success of Stack Overflow and other community-based question-and-answer (Q&A) sites depends mainly on the will of their members to ... eliciting a successful answer to their questions on Stack Overflow by focusing on the following actionable factors: affect, ... factors potentially influencing the success of questions in Stack Overflow. We quantitatively analyze a set of over 87 K questions from the official Stack Overflow dump to assess the impact of actionable factors ... Finally, a survey is conducted to understand how Stack Overflow users perceive the guideline suggestions for writing questions. ...
Tópico(s): Expert finding and Q&A systems
2017 - Elsevier BV | Information and Software Technology
Hui Chen, John Coogle, Kostadin Damevski,
... Many popular developer communication platforms, such as the Stack Overflow Q&A forum, require threads of discussion to ... questions. In this paper, we propose to leverage Stack Overflow’s tags to create a hierarchical organization of ... a supervised multi-label hierarchical topic model to Stack Overflow questions and demonstrate the quality of the model ... by identifying tag synonyms, by tagging previously unseen Stack Overflow posts, and by exploring how the hierarchy could ... when traversing the inferred hierarchical concept model of Stack Overflow the questions become more specific as one explores ...
Tópico(s): Topic Modeling
2019 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Systems and Software
Zhipeng Gao, Xin Xia, David Lo, John Grundy, Xindong Zhang, Zhenchang Xing,
Stack Overflow has been heavily used by software developers to seek programming-related information. More and more developers use Community Question and Answer forums, such as Stack Overflow, to search for code examples of how to ... best code snippets for a user query from Stack Overflow posts. Our approach has two main stages: (i) ... of query boosting and then retrieve the relevant Stack Overflow posted questions based on these generated questions. In ... novel scheme to rank code snippet candidates from Stack Overflow posts via pairwise comparisons. To evaluate the performance ...
Tópico(s): Expert finding and Q&A systems
2022 - Association for Computing Machinery | ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology
Bowen Xu, Thong Hoang, Abhishek Sharma, Chengran Yang, Xin Xia, David Lo,
Past studies have proposed solutions that analyze Stack Overflow content to help users find desired information or aid various downstream software engineering tasks. A common step performed by those solutions is to ... this work, to aid existing studies that analyze Stack Overflow posts, we propose a specialized deep learning architecture Post2Vec which extracts distributed representations of Stack Overflow posts. Post2Vec is aware of different types of content present in Stack Overflow posts, i.e., title, description, and code snippets, ...
Tópico(s): Machine Learning in Materials Science
2021 - IEEE Computer Society | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Ramtin Yazdanian, Robert West, Pierre Dillenbourg,
... do so, we fuse four data sources together: Stack Overflow, an online community questions and answers (Q&A) ... Courses (MOOCs) where anyone can create courses; and Stack Overflow Jobs, a job ad platform. We place these ... is done more individually, rather than by groups: Stack Overflow is found to be more agile than Udemy, which is itself more agile than Stack Overflow Jobs (Google Trends did not prove usable due ... usually only a few months between the first Stack Overflow appearance of a new topic, and its first ...
Tópico(s): Online Learning and Analytics
2020 - Springer Science+Business Media | International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education