Michael Bräuer, Gregory A. Roth, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Peng Zheng, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Madineh Abbasi, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Mitra Abbasifard, Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Sherief Abd‐Elsalam, Parsa Abdi, Mohammad Abdollahi, Meriem Abdoun, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Auwal Abdullahi, Mesfin Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Armita Abedi, Tadesse Melaku Abegaz, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zúñiga, Olumide Abiodun, Temesgen Lera Abiso, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Mohamed Abouzid, Girma Beressa Aboye, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Hasan Abualruz, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Eman Abu‐Gharbieh, Hana J Abukhadijah, Salahdein Aburuz, Ahmed Abu‐Zaid, Mesafint Molla Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Giovanni Addolorato, Rufus A. Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Bashir Aden, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Rishan Adha, Amin Adibi, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Afolabi, Ashkan Afshin, Shadi Afyouni, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Suneth Agampodi, Faith Agbozo, Shahin Aghamiri, Antonella Agodi, Anurag Agrawal, Williams Agyemang‐Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Noah Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmed, Anisuddin Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Safoora Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Essona Matatom Akara, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Shiva Akhlaghi, Karolina Akinosoglou, Tomi Akinyemiju, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Sreelatha Akkala, Blessing Akombi-Inyang, Salah Al Awaidy, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Fares Alahdab, Tareq Mohammed Ali AL-Ahdal, Samer O Alalalmeh, Tariq A. Alalwan, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Khurshid Alam, Nazmul Alam, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki Alanzi, Almaza A. Albakri, Mohammad T AlBataineh, Wafa Ali Aldhaleei, Robert W Aldridge, Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu, Megbaru Alemu, Bassam Al‐Fatly, Adel Al‐Gheethi, Khairat Al-Habbal, Khalid F. AlHabib, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Abid Ali, Amjad Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, I. Hadj Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Ali, Gianfranco Alicandro, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, François Alla, Sabah Al-Marwani, Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi, Sami Almustanyir, Mahmoud A. Alomari, Jordi Alonso, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Rajaa Al‐Raddadi, Ahmad Alrawashdeh, Rami H. Al‐Rifai, Sahel Majed Alrousan, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Zaid Altaany, Awais Altaf, Jaffar A. Al‐Tawfiq, Khalid A Altirkawi, Deborah Oyine Aluh, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Hassan Alwafi, Mohammad Alwardat, Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi, Hany Aly, Safwat Aly, Karem H. Alzoubi, Walid Al-Zyoud, Uchenna Anderson Amaechi, Masous Aman Mohammadi, Reza Amani, Sohrab Amiri, Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq, Enrico Ammirati, Hubert Amu, Dickson A Amugsi, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Jason A Anderson, Pedro Prata Andrade, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Susan C. Anenberg, Dhanalakshmi Angappan, Colin Angus, Abhishek Anil, Sneha Anil, Afifa Anjum, Amir Anoushiravani, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Catherine M Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Davood Anvari, Saeid Anvari, Saleha Anwar, KM Shivakumar, Razique Anwer, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Anyabolo, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Geminn Louis Carace Apostol, Jalal Arabloo, Razman Arabzadeh Bahri, Mosab Arafat, Demelash Areda, Brhane Berhe, Abdulfatai Aremu, Benedetta Armocida, Michael B. Arndt, Johan Ärnlöv, Mahwish Arooj, Anton A Artamonov, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, Idowu Aruleba, Ashokan Arumugam, Akram M. Asbeutah, Saeed Asgary, Akeza Awealom Asgedom, Charlie Ashbaugh, Mubarek Yesse Ashemo, Tahira Ashraf, Amir Askarinejad, Michael Assmus, Thomas Astell‐Burt, Mohammad Athar, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Leticia Ávila‐Burgos, Andargie Abate Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Haleh Ayatollahi, Carlos Ayestas Portugal, José Luís Ayuso‐Mateos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Rui Azevedo, Gulrez Shah Azhar, Hosein Azizi, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Insa Backhaus, Muhammad Badar, Ashish Badiye, Arvind Bagga, Soroush Baghdadi, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Pegah Bahrami Taqanaki, Ruhai Bai, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L. Baker, Shankar M Bakkannavar, M. Balasubramanian, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Kiran Bam, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Biswajit Banik, Palash Chandra Banik, Aduragbemi Banke‐Thomas, Hansi Bansal, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Erfan Bardideh, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone‐Adesi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Lope H Barrero, Amadou Barrow, Sandra Barteit, Zarrin Basharat, Afisu Basiru, João Diogo Basso, Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Sanjay Basu, Sai Batchu, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Bernhard T. Baune, Mohsen Bayati, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Thomas Beaney, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Maryam Beiranvand, Yannick Béjot, Alehegn Bekele, Uzma Belgaumi, Arielle Wilder Bell, Michelle L. Bell, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello, Luı́s Belo, Apostolos Beloukas, Salaheddine Bendak, Derrick Bennett, Fiona B Bennitt, Isabela M. Benseñor, Habib Benzian, Azizullah Beran, Zombor Berezvai, Eduardo Bernabé, Robert S. Bernstein, Paulo Bettencourt, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Dinesh Bhandari, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Vivek Bhat, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Manpreet S. Bhatti, Rajbir Bhatti,
Summary Background Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 ...
Elsevier BV
Alize J Ferrari, Damian Santomauro, Amirali Aali, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Hedayat Abbastabar, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd‐Elsalam, Arash Abdollahi, Auwal Abdullahi, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zúñiga, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Hasan Abualruz, Eman Abu‐Gharbieh, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Ilana N. Ackerman, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Giovanni Addolorato, Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Victor Abiola Adepoju, Habeeb Omoponle Adewuyi, Shadi Afyouni, Saira Afzal, Sina Afzal, Antonella Agodi, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Karolina Akinosoglou, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Samer O Alalalmeh, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Mohammed ALBashtawy, Robert W Aldridge, Meseret Desalegn Alemu, Megbaru Alemu, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Adel Al‐Gheethi, Maryam Alharrasi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Sabah Al-Marwani, Joseph Uy Almazan, Mahmoud A. Alomari, Basem Al‐Omari, Zaid Altaany, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Hassan Alwafi, Mohammad Alwardat, Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi, Safwat Aly, Karem H. Alzoubi, Azmeraw T. Amare, Prince M. Amegbor, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Alireza Amindarolzarbi, Sohrab Amiri, Dickson A Amugsi, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, David Anderson, Pedro Prata Andrade, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Hossein Ansari, Catherine M Antony, Saleha Anwar, KM Shivakumar, Razique Anwer, P.E. Anyanwu, Juan Pablo Arab, Jalal Arabloo, Mosab Arafat, Daniel T Araki, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Mesay Arkew, Benedetta Armocida, Michael B. Arndt, Mahwish Arooj, Anton A Artamonov, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Ashokan Arumugam, Charlie Ashbaugh, Mubarek Yesse Ashemo, Muhammad Ashraf, Marvellous O Asika, Elaheh Askari, Thomas Astell‐Burt, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Prince Atorkey, Maha Atout, Alok Atreya, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Abolfazl Avan, Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe, Kofi Awuviry‐Newton, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, José Luís Ayuso‐Mateos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Rui Azevedo, Abraham Samuel Babu, Muhammad Badar, Ashish Badiye, Soroush Baghdadi, Nasser Bagheri, Sulaiman Bah, Ruhai Bai, Jennifer L. Baker, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Abdulaziz Bako, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Kiran Bam, Palash Chandra Banik, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Erfan Bardideh, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Amadou Barrow, Sandra Barteit, Lingkan Barua, Somaye Bashiri Aliabadi, Afisu Basiru, Sanjay Basu, Saurav Basu, Prapthi Persis Bathini, Kavita Batra, Bernhard T. Baune, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Babak Behnam, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Maryam Beiranvand, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramírez, Michelle L. Bell, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello, Apostolos Beloukas, Isabela M. Benseñor, Zombor Berezvai, Eduardo Bernabé, Robert S. Bernstein, Paulo Bettencourt, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Dinesh Bhandari, Ashish Bhargava, Sonu Bhaskar, Vivek Bhat, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Manpreet S. Bhatti, Rajbir Bhatti, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Boris Bikbov, Jessica Devin Bishai, Catherine Bisignano, Veera Raghavulu Bitra, Tone Bjørge, Virgínia Bodolica, Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin, Eyob Ketema Bogale, Milad Bonakdar Hashemi, Aimé Bonny, Berrak Bora Başara, Hamed Borhany, C. S. Boxe, Oliver J. Brady, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Luísa Campos Caldeira Brant, Michael Bräuer, Susanne Breitner, Hermann Brenner, Julie Brown, Traolach Brugha, Norma B. Bulamu, Danilo Buonsenso, Katrin Burkart, Richard A. Burns, Reinhard Busse, Yasser Bustanji, Zahid A Butt, Justin Byun, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Daniela Călina, Luis Alberto Cámera, Ismael Campos‐Nonato, Chao Cao, Angelo Capodici, Sinclair Carr, Giulia Carreras, Andrea Carugno, Márcia Carvalho, João Maurício Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Giulio Castelpietra, Alberico L. Catapano, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Arthur Caye, Luca Cegolon, Francieli Cembranel, Muthia Cenderadewi, Ester Cerin, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Raymond J. Chan, Rama Mohan Chandika, Eeshwar K Chandrasekar, Periklis Charalampous, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Victoria Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, Angela W Chen, An‐Tian Chen, Catherine S Chen, Haowei Chen, N Chen, Esther Cheng, Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir, Ritesh Chimoriya, Patrick R Ching, William C. Cho, Sungchul Choi, Bryan Chong, Yuen Yu Chong, Sonali G Choudhari, Rajiv Chowdhury, Steffan Wittrup Christensen, Dinh‐Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Eric Lim Teik Chung, Eunice Chung, Muhammad Chutiyami, Mareli Claassens, Rebecca M Cogen, Alyssa Columbus, João Conde, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Ewerton Cousin, Michael H Criqui, Natália Martins, Omid Dadras, Siyu Dai, Xiaochen Dai, Zhaoli Dai, Maxwell Ayindenaba Dalaba, Giovanni Damiani, Jai K Das, Saswati Das, Mohsen Dashti, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Kairat Davletov, Diego De Leo, Aklilu Tamire Debele, Shayom Debopadhaya, Nicole K. DeCleene, Farah Deeba, Louisa Degenhardt, Cristian Del Bo’, Iván Delgado‐Enciso, Andreas K. Demetriades, Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez, Nikolaos Dervenis, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Rupak Desai, Keshab Deuba, Kuldeep Dhama, Samath D Dharmaratne, Sameer Dhingra, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Díaz, Luis Antonio Díaz, Michael J. Diaz, Adriana Dima, Delaney D Ding, M Ashworth Dirac, Thao Huynh Phuong, Camila Bruneli do Prado, Sushil Dohare, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez, Wanyue Dong, Deepa Dongarwar,
Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate ...
Elsevier BV
Austin E Schumacher, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Amirali Aali, Cristiana Abbafati, Jaffar Abbas, Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Madineh Abbasi, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd‐Elsalam, Ahmed Abdel‐Wahab, Mohammad Abdollahi, Meriem Abdoun, Auwal Abdullahi, Ame Mehadi, Mesfin Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Armita Abedi, Tadesse Melaku Abegaz, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zúñiga, E S Abhilash, Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Mohamed Abouzid, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Woldu Aberhe, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Dariush Abtahi, Samir Abu‐Rumeileh, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Salahdein Aburuz, Ahmed Abu‐Zaid, Juan Acuña, Tim Adair, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oladimeji Adebayo, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Victor Adekanmbi, Bashir Aden, Victor Abiola Adepoju, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Olorunsola Adeyomoye, Rishan Adha, Amin Adibi, Wirawan Adikusuma, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saryia Adra, Abel Afework, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Ali Afraz, Shadi Afyouni, Saira Afzal, Pradyumna Agasthi, Shahin Aghamiri, Antonella Agodi, Williams Agyemang‐Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Muayyad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade, Mohadese Ahmadzade, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Olufemi Ajumobi, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Essona Matatom Akara, Karolina Akinosoglou, Sreelatha Akkala, Samuel Akyirem, Hanadi Al Hamad, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Ammar Al Homsi, Mohammad Al Qadire, Moein Ala, Timothy Aladelusi, Tareq Mohammed Ali AL-Ahdal, Samer O Alalalmeh, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Khurshid Alam, Manjurul Alam, Zufishan Alam, Rasmieh Al‐Amer, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki Alanzi, Mohammed ALBashtawy, Mohammad T AlBataineh, Robert W Aldridge, Sharifullah Alemi, Ayman Al‐Eyadhy, Adel Al‐Gheethi, Khalid F. AlHabib, Fadwa Alhalaiqa, Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi, Abid Ali, Akhtar Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Hassam Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Zahid Ali, Shohreh Alian Samakkhah, Gianfranco Alicandro, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Mohammad Aligol, Rasoul Alimi, Ahmednur Adem Aliyi, Adel Al-Jumaily, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Wael Almahmeed, Sabah Al-Marwani, Sadeq Ali Al‐Maweri, Joseph Uy Almazan, Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi, Omar Almidani, Mahmoud A. Alomari, Nivaldo Alonso, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Awais Altaf, Jaffar A. Al‐Tawfiq, Khalid A Altirkawi, Farrukh Jawad Alvi, Hassan Alwafi, Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi, Hany Aly, Karem H. Alzoubi, Azmeraw T. Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Abebe Feyissa Amhare, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Alireza Amindarolzarbi, Javad Aminian Dehkordi, Sohrab Amiri, Hubert Amu, Dickson A Amugsi, Jimoh Amzat, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Pedro Prata Andrade, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Dhanalakshmi Angappan, Abhishek Anil, Afifa Anjum, Catherine M Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa, KM Shivakumar, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Razman Arabzadeh Bahri, Morteza Arab‐Zozani, Mosab Arafat, Ana Margarida Araújo, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Abdulfatai Aremu, Hany Ariffin, Timur Aripov, Benedetta Armocida, Mahwish Arooj, Anton A Artamonov, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, Judie Arulappan, Idowu Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Ashokan Arumugam, Malke Asaad, Saeed Asgary, Mubarek Yesse Ashemo, Muhammad Ashraf, Marvellous O Asika, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Atout, Alok Atreya, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Abolfazl Avan, Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Getnet Melaku Ayele, José Luís Ayuso‐Mateos, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, Sina Azadnajafabad, Gulrez Shah Azhar, Shahkaar Aziz, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Mina Babashahi, Abraham Samuel Babu, Muhammad Badar, Alaa Badawi, Ashish Badiye, Soroush Baghdadi, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Sulaiman Bah, Saeed Bahadorikhalili, Jianjun Bai, Ruhai Bai, Jennifer L. Baker, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Abdulaziz Bako, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, Saliu Balogun, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Kiran Bam, Maciej Banach, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Biswajit Banik, Palash Chandra Banik, Hansi Bansal, Shirin Barati, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Francesco Barone‐Adesi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Ronald D. Barr, Lope H Barrero, Zarrin Basharat, Asma'u I J Bashir, Hameed Akande Bashiru, Pritish Baskaran, Buddha Basnyat, Quique Bassat, João Diogo Basso, Saurav Basu, Kavita Batra, Ravi Batra, Bernhard T. Baune, Mohsen Bayati, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Thomas Beaney, Neeraj Bedi, Tahmina Begum, Emad Behboudi, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Maryam Beiranvand, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramírez, Uzma Belgaumi, Michelle L. Bell, Aminu K. Bello, Muhammad Bashir Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello, Luı́s Belo, Apostolos Beloukas, Salaheddine Bendak, Derrick Bennett, Isabela M. Benseñor, Habib Benzian, Zombor Berezvai, Adam E. Berman, Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez, Paulo Bettencourt, Habtamu Beyene, Kebede Beyene, Devidas S. Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Dinesh Bhandari, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Prarthna V Bhardwaj, Ashish Bhargava, Sonu Bhaskar, Vivek Bhat, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Manpreet S. Bhatti, Rajbir Bhatti, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Boris Bikbov, Nada Binmadi, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Antonio Biondi, Catherine Bisignano, Francesca Bisulli, Atanu Biswas, Raaj Kishore Biswas,
Global age
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Mohsen Naghavi, Kanyin Liane Ong, Amirali Aali, Hazim Ababneh, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd‐Elsalam, Ahmed Abdel‐Wahab, Mohammad Abdollahi, Mohammad‐Amin Abdollahifar, Meriem Abdoun, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Auwal Abdullahi, Mesfin Abebe, Samrawit Shawel Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, E S Abhilash, Hassan Abidi, Olumide Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Meysam Abolmaali, Mohamed Abouzid, Girma Beressa Aboye, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Woldu Aberhe, Dariush Abtahi, Samir Abu‐Rumeileh, Hasan Abualruz, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Eman Abu‐Gharbieh, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Salahdein Aburuz, Ahmed Abu‐Zaid, Manfred Accrombessi, Tadele Girum Girum Adal, Abdu A. Adamu, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Giovanni Addolorato, Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Victor Adekanmbi, Victor Abiola Adepoju, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Daniel A. Adeyinka, Olorunsola Adeyomoye, Biruk Adie Admass, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saryia Adra, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Muhammad U. Afzal, Saira Afzal, Suneth Agampodi, Pradyumna Agasthi, Manik Aggarwal, Shahin Aghamiri, Feleke Doyore Agide, Antonella Agodi, Anurag Agrawal, Williams Agyemang‐Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Muayyad Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Essona Matatom Akara, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Karolina Akinosoglou, Tomi Akinyemiju, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Samuel Akyirem, Hanadi Al Hamad, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Fares Alahdab, Samer O Alalalmeh, Tariq A. Alalwan, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Khurshid Alam, Manjurul Alam, Noore Alam, Rasmieh Al‐Amer, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki Alanzi, Sayer Al‐Azzam, Almaza A. Albakri, Mohammed ALBashtawy, Mohammad T AlBataineh, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde‐Rabanal, Khalifah Aldawsari, Wafa Ali Aldhaleei, Robert W Aldridge, Haileselasie Berhane Alema, Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu, Sharifullah Alemi, Megbaru Alemu, Adel Al‐Gheethi, Khalid F. AlHabib, Fadwa Alhalaiqa, Mohammed Khaled Al‐Hanawi, Abid Ali, Amjad Ali, Liaqat Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Shahid Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Gianfranco Alicandro, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Reyhaneh Alikhani, Yousef Alimohamadi, Ahmednur Adem Aliyi, Mohammad Abdullah Aljasir, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, François Alla, Peter Allebeck, Sabah Al-Marwani, Sadeq Ali Al‐Maweri, Joseph Uy Almazan, Hesham M. Al‐Mekhlafi, Louay Almidani, Omar Almidani, Mahmoud A. Alomari, Basem Al‐Omari, Jordi Alonso, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Zaid Altaany, Awais Altaf, Jaffar A. Al‐Tawfiq, Khalid A Altirkawi, Deborah Oyine Aluh, Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán, Hassan Alwafi, Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi, Hany Aly, Safwat Aly, Karem H. Alzoubi, Reza Amani, Azmeraw T. Amare, Prince M. Amegbor, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Alireza Amindarolzarbi, Sohrab Amiri, Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq, Hubert Amu, Dickson A Amugsi, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, David Anderson, Pedro Prata Andrade, Cătălina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Colin Angus, Abhishek Anil, Sneha Anil, Amir Anoushiravani, Hossein Ansari, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Catherine M Antony, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Davood Anvari, Saeid Anvari, Saleha Anwar, KM Shivakumar, Razique Anwer, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Muhammad Aqeel, Juan Pablo Arab, Jalal Arabloo, Mosab Arafat, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Demelash Areda, Abdulfatai Aremu, Olatunde Aremu, Hany Ariffin, Mesay Arkew, Benedetta Armocida, Michael B. Arndt, Johan Ärnlöv, Mahwish Arooj, Anton A Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Ashokan Arumugam, Malke Asaad, Mohsen Asadi-Lari, Akeza Awealom Asgedom, Mona Asghariahmadabad, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Muhammad Ashraf, Armin Aslani, Thomas Astell‐Burt, Mohammad Athar, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu, Habtamu Wondmagegn Atlaw, Prince Atorkey, Maha Atout, Alok Atreya, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Abolfazl Avan, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Amlaku Mulat Aweke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Haleh Ayatollahi, José Luís Ayuso‐Mateos, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, Sina Azadnajafabad, Rui Azevedo, Ahmed Y. Azzam, B B Darshan, Abraham Samuel Babu, Muhammad Badar, Ashish Badiye, Soroush Baghdadi, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Sulaiman Bah, Saeed Bahadorikhalili, Najmeh Bahmanziari, Ruhai Bai, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L. Baker, Abdulaziz Bako, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, M. Balasubramanian, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Kiran Bam, Maciej Banach, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Palash Chandra Banik, Hansi Bansal, Kannu Bansal, Franca Barbic, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Erfan Bardideh, Suzanne Barker‐Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone‐Adesi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Lope H Barrero, Amadou Barrow, Sandra Barteit, Lingkan Barua, Zarrin Basharat, Azadeh Bashiri, Afisu Basiru, Pritish Baskaran, Buddha Basnyat, Quique Bassat, João Diogo Basso, Ann V L Basting, Sanjay Basu, Kavita Batra, Bernhard T. Baune, Mohsen Bayati, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Thomas Beaney, Neeraj Bedi, Massimiliano Beghi, Emad Behboudi, Priyamadhaba Behera, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Masoud Behzadifar, Maryam Beiranvand,
Summary Background Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons ...
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