Vanja Buvik, Karen K. Høisæter, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Hanna K. Knuutila,
Pilot plant testing of amine solvents for post-combustion CO2 capture is an essential tool for fully understanding degradation behaviour and emission profiles under realistic process conditions. This review aims to summarise the lessons learned in different pilot campaigns, as well as to give recommendations how solvent stability and emissions can be monitored and assessed. A total of 18 different pilot plants and 29 individual campaigns were studied, of which the majority used ethanolamine and ...
Tópico(s): Membrane Separation and Gas Transport
2021 - Elsevier BV | International journal of greenhouse gas control
Vanja Buvik, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Odd Gunnar Brakstad, Hanna K. Knuutila,
Eighteen structurally varied amines were subjected to harsh oxidative conditions, and their stability was assessed and seen in the context of biological and thermal stability. Steric effects play a large role in the stabilization of amines under oxidative conditions, and the presence of carbon dioxide plays a vital role in the degradation pathway of ethanolamine (MEA). Tertiary amines are generally very stable, and are known not to form carbamates to any large extent. Many steric effects play a vital ...
Tópico(s): Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
2021 - American Chemical Society | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Vanja Buvik, Ida M. Bernhardsen, Roberta Veronezi Figueiredo, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Earl Goetheer, Peter van Os, Hanna K. Knuutila,
This work aims to understand oxygen solubility in pure and aqueous amine solvents for CO2 capture. Commercially available dissolved oxygen sensors were studied to evaluate whether these can be used for measuring oxygen solubility in the carbon capture processes. It also aims to understand the possible discrepancies from realistic concentrations of oxygen when using a dissolved oxygen sensor. Two independent measurement principles were used for this purpose, both electrochemical and optical. Furthermore, ...
Tópico(s): Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
2020 - Elsevier BV | International journal of greenhouse gas control
Ardi Hartono, Rune Rennemo, Muhammad Awais, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Odd Gunnar Brakstad, Inna Kim, Hanna K. Knuutila,
The solubility of CO2 in the aqueous solutions of 50 mass% 2-Piperidineethanol (2-PPE) and 40 mass% 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine (1-(2HE)PRLD) was measured at temperatures from 40 to 120 °C at CO2 loading from 0.04 to 0.8 mol-CO2/mol-amine. The density and viscosity of unloaded and CO2-loaded solutions were measured at temperatures between 20 and 80 °C and fitted to simplified correlations. Based on a thermal degradation test, both solvents were found to be more stable and less corrosive than 30 mass% ...
Tópico(s): Ionic liquids properties and applications
2017 - Elsevier BV | International journal of greenhouse gas control
Ardi Hartono, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Arjan Ciftja, Hanna K. Knuutila,
Tópico(s): Process Optimization and Integration
2017 - Elsevier BV | International journal of greenhouse gas control
Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Maren T. Johansen, Hanna K. Knuutila, Hallvard F. Svendsen,
Post combustion CO2 capture using amines as chemical absorbents is a relatively mature technology. Rate of reaction and desorption energy demand are normally prime criteria for evaluation of new solvents while degradation and corrosion studies are often postponed. However, degradation and corrosion are in many cases showstoppers and should be considered at an early stage. In this work, a systematic study has been conducted on oxidative degradation of 30 wt% ethanolamine (MEA) for oxygen concentrations: ...
Tópico(s): Ionic liquids properties and applications
2016 - Elsevier BV | International journal of greenhouse gas control
Georgios Fytianos, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Hanna K. Knuutila,
In amine based post-combustion CO2 capture and storage, solvent degradation and corrosion of steel materials are the main operational challenges. In this paper the focus was on minimizing degradation and corrosion by addition of inhibitors. The tested amine solution was 30 wt% of the benchmark solvent ethanolamine (MEA). The tested inhibitors were pyrogallol, alpha,alpha′-(1-methylethylenediimino)di-ortho-cresol, carbohydrazide, 2-butanone oxime (MEKO), tricine and 1,3-diaminopropane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic ...
Tópico(s): Membrane Separation and Gas Transport
2016 - Elsevier BV | International journal of greenhouse gas control
Hege Krabseth, Silja Skogstad Tuv, Maren Cecilie Strand, Ritva Karinen, Elisabeth Wiik, Merete Vevelstad, Andreas Austgulen Westin, Elisabeth Leere Øiestad, Vigdis Vindenes,
There has been a significant increase in the number of new intoxicants on the illegal drugs market globally, also in Norway. The substances are given the name NPS: Novel Psychoactive Substances, and are mainly sold over the Internet. Uncertain dosage of potent substances entails a risk of accidental overdose, and therefore serious intoxication and death. In this article we provide an overview of current knowledge with regard to these substances.
Tópico(s): Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
2016 - Norwegian Medical Association | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Andreas Grimstvedt, Hanna K. Knuutila, Eirik F. da Silva, Hallvard F. Svendsen,
Chemical stability of amines under CO2 capture conditions is a well known problem both for process operability and related to economy and environmental issues. Many degradation studies have been conducted under different conditions and in different apparatuses. In this work the chemical stability of a set of amines and their degradation products using 3 different setups have been studied. A new degradation compound for 2-ethanolamine (MEA), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-acetamide (HEHEAA) ...
Tópico(s): Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
2014 - Elsevier BV | International journal of greenhouse gas control
Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Andreas Grimstvedt, Hanna K. Knuutila, Hallvard F. Svendsen,
CO2 capture with alkanolamines has been in use since 1930, where 2-ethanolamine (MEA) is the most studied absorbent for post-combustion. In order to prevent degradation, it is important to understand the degradation mechanisms, which in turn requires knowledge of both stoichiometry and kinetics of the reactions and chemical pathways associated with degradation. In the present work thermal degradation with CO2 in closed cylinders at 135 °C is performed on already oxidatively degraded solutions from ...
Tópico(s): Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
2013 - Elsevier BV | Energy Procedia
Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Andreas Grimstvedt, Aslak Einbu, Hanna K. Knuutila, Eirik F. da Silva, Hallvard F. Svendsen,
Oxidative degradation experiments on five amines and two amino acids were performed in a new closed setup at atmospheric pressure. For most of the amines/amino acids significant degradation was not present under these conditions, except for MEA and MMEA. The degradation compounds found seem to follow the same patterns as described in literature. Volatile compounds as ammonia and alkylamine play an important role in understanding the initial degradation mechanisms. For MMEA, methylamine and ammonia ...
Tópico(s): Odor and Emission Control Technologies
2013 - Elsevier BV | International journal of greenhouse gas control
Alexander K. Voice, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Xi Chen, Thu Hoai Nguyen, Gary T. Rochelle,
Aqueous 3-(methylamino)propylamine (MAPA) has been investigated as a possible solvent for CO2 capture from flue gas at 8 and 9 molal. The results are compared with MEA and PZ, two base case solvents. Although MAPA had a higher heat of absorption than both MEA and PZ, it had a lower capacity, slower mass-transfer coefficient, higher viscosity, and greater susceptibility to thermal degradation than 7 m MEA. In the presence of oxygen, MAPA degraded more than ten times faster than MEA. Inhibitor A substantially ...
Tópico(s): CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
2013 - Elsevier BV | International journal of greenhouse gas control
Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Andreas Grimstvedt, Jørund Elnan, Eirik F. da Silva, Hallvard F. Svendsen,
Oxidative degradation experiments on 2-ethanolamine (MEA) were performed at four different oxygen concentrations and at two temperatures. MEA loss and degradation product build-up were measured. Increasing the temperature from 55 to 75 °C was shown to have higher impact on the MEA loss than increasing the oxygen concentration from 21 to 98%. Liquid end sample analyses were performed for all experiments and overall nitrogen balance tests were conducted for the experiments at 21% O2 (run 2), 50% O2 and ...
Tópico(s): Advanced oxidation water treatment
2013 - Elsevier BV | International journal of greenhouse gas control
Merete Vevelstad, Elisabeth Leere Øiestad, Gerrit Middelkoop, Inger Hasvold, Peer K. Lilleng, Gerd Jorunn Møller Delaveris, Tormod Eggen, Jørg Mørland, Marianne Arnestad,
During a 6 month period (July 2010–January 2011) we observed 12 fatal intoxications and 22 non-fatal cases related to the drug paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) in Norway (4.8 mill inhabitants). This toxic designer drug, also known as "Death", is occasionally found in street drugs offered as "ecstasy" or "amphetamine". The present study aimed to evaluate the cause of death, and to compare the PMMA blood concentrations in fatal and non-fatal cases. Methods for identification and quantification of PMMA ...
Tópico(s): Psychedelics and Drug Studies
2012 - Elsevier BV | Forensic Science International
Eirik F. da Silva, Hélène Lepaumier, Andreas Grimstvedt, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Aslak Einbu, Kai Vernstad, Hallvard F. Svendsen, Kolbjörn Zahlsen,
2-Ethanolamine (MEA) degradation has been studied under varying conditions of relevance to postcombustion CO2 capture. Degradation experiments performed in the laboratory were chosen to be representative of the conditions in a CO2 capture plant facility. The thermal degradation of MEA was investigated in closed-batch experiments at 135 °C at different loadings. MEA degradation was also studied in oxidative conditions without additives or by adding FeSO4/fly ash. These experiments were compared with ...
Tópico(s): Industrial Gas Emission Control
2012 - American Chemical Society | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Ingvild Eide-Haugmo, Eirik F. da Silva, Hallvard F. Svendsen,
CO2 capture with alkanolamines has been in use since 1930, where MEA is the most studied absorbent for postcombustion. In order to prevent degradation, it is important to understand the degradation mechanisms, which in turn requires knowledge of both stoichiometry and kinetics of the reactions. The stability of the degradation products is a starting point when exploring possible mechanisms, and can be determined from the Gibbs free energy of the net reaction. In the present work, quantum mechanical ...
Tópico(s): Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes
2011 - Elsevier BV | Energy Procedia
Merete Vevelstad, Inge Morild,
Inhalation of automobile exhaust gas often leads to death by CO intoxication. In some cases the measured carbon monoxide hemoglobin saturation level (COHb) is considerably below what is considered to be lethal. The death in such cases has been attributed to a combination of a high CO2 and a low O2 tension. In a recent case the deceased was found dead in a car equipped with a catalytic converter, with a hose leading exhaust from the engine to the interior of the car. Analysis revealed a moderately ...
Tópico(s): Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
2009 - Elsevier BV | Forensic Science International
Merete Vevelstad, S. Pettersen, Chantal Tallaksen, Odd Brørs,
Tópico(s): Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
2009 - Springer Science+Business Media | European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Vanja Buvik, Hanna K. Knuutila, Andreas Grimstvedt, Eirik F. da Silva,
The chemical stability of aqueous amines is an essential property to study before new amines are introduced in pilot plants, to reduce risks related to the operation, cost and environment. There are no standard methods for studying degradation and no standardized way of knowing which components to search for. This work will give an overview of the current status of amine degradation research with recommendations for further work within this field. Degradation of aqueous amines in the CO2 absorption ...
Tópico(s): Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
2022 - American Chemical Society | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Karen K. Høisæter, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Lucas Braakhuis, Hanna K. Knuutila,
Water-lean solvents have been proposed as a possible alternative to aqueous amine systems in postcombustion carbon capture. There is however little data available on how amine degradation is affected by different solvents. This study presents new insights on the effect of solvent on thermal degradation of alkanolamines from laboratory-scale degradation experiments. Replacing the water in aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions with organic diluents resulted in varying thermal degradation rates. ...
Tópico(s): Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
2022 - American Chemical Society | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Maren T. Johansen, Hanna K. Knuutila, Hallvard F. Svendsen,
Liquid phase degradation of MEA and the formation of 8 degradation compounds were studied at 4 different oxygen concentrations and three different temperatures. Liquid phase total nitrogen was determined and compared with quantified remaining MEA and degradation compounds. The first order rate constant for MEA degradation was determined and found to increase with both oxygen concentration and temperature. Temperature and oxygen dependence of the degradation compounds were complex. In particular ...
Tópico(s): Extraction and Separation Processes
2014 - Elsevier BV | Energy Procedia
Marjana Kjetland Sundal, Peer Kaare Lilleng, Hans Barane, Inge Morild, Merete Vevelstad,
The extreme danger associated with entering enclosed spaces loaded with oxygen-depleting organic cargo in ships and tanks is obviously underestimated, both among crew and management. We present a case report to highlight this occupational hazard and to increase the knowledge about the imperative precautions, in order to prevent future accidents. An experienced customs officer was found lifeless at the bottom of the unattended cargo hold on a ship loaded with woodchips. The oxygen content in the ...
Tópico(s): Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
2017 - Elsevier BV | Forensic Science International
Merete Vevelstad, Elisabeth Leere Øiestad, Sara Bremer, Inger Lise Bogen, Anna‐Lena Zackrisson, Marianne Arnestad,
In 2010-2013, 29 fatal intoxications related to the designer drug paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA, 4-methoxymethamphetamine) occurred in Norway. The current knowledge about metabolism and toxicity of PMMA in humans is limited. Metabolism by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 enzyme to the psychoactive metabolite 4-hydroxymethamphetamine (OH-MA), and possibly by additional enzymes, is suggested to be involved in its toxicity. The aim of this work was to study the association between CYP genetics, ...
Tópico(s): Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
2016 - Elsevier BV | Forensic Science International
Diego D.D. Pinto, Thea Wilhelmine Brodtkorb, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Hanna K. Knuutila, Hallvard F. Svendsen,
Considerable amount of work had been recently done researching the degradation of solvents for CO2 post combustion capture, especially for the benchmark solvent MEA. The degradation of the solvent can cause plant corrosion and losses in the process performance since the solvent might loses its capacity to absorb CO2. Thus, a better understanding of this phenomena is important for the overall process performance. Oxidative degradation is likely to occur at absorber conditions due to the presence ...
Tópico(s): Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
2014 - Elsevier BV | Energy Procedia
Riikka Mari Berg‐Pedersen, Å. Ripel, Ritva Karinen, Merete Vevelstad, L. Bachs, Vigdis Vindenes,
The codeine to morphine concentration ratio is used in forensic toxicology to assess if codeine has been ingested alone or if morphine and/or heroin have been ingested in addition. In our experience, this interpretation is more difficult in autopsy cases compared with samples from living persons, since high morphine concentrations are observed in cases where only codeine is assumed to have been ingested. We have investigated if codeine and morphine glucuronides are subject to cleavage to the same ...
Tópico(s): Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
2013 - Oxford University Press | Journal of Analytical Toxicology
Vanja Buvik, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Peter Moser, Georg Wiechers, Ricardo R. Wanderley, Juliana Garcia Moretz‐Sohn Monteiro, Hanna K. Knuutila,
The oxidative degradation of previously used ethanolamine from three different CO2 capture pilot plants was studied in a laboratory-scale degradation setup. Different solvents behave differently under the same experimental conditions, indicating that different solvent contaminants, resulting from different operational conditions, can act either stabilising or destabilising under oxidising conditions. Some ionic compounds in the solvent seem beneficial to amine stability under oxidising conditions, ...
Tópico(s): Membrane Separation and Gas Transport
2023 - Elsevier BV | Carbon Capture Science & Technology
Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Andreas Grimstvedt, Maxime François, Hanna K. Knuutila, Geir Haugen, Merete Wiig, Kai Vernstad,
Aqueous amine solvents are used to capture CO2 from various flue gas sources. In this work, the chemical stability of a blend of 3-amino-1-propanol (3A1P) and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine [1-(2HE)PRLD] was studied. The chemical stability tests were conducted both in batch and cycled systems using various oxygen and NOx concentrations, additives (iron), and temperatures. In the thermal degradation experiments with CO2 present, the blend was more stable than the primary amines [(3A1P or monoethanolamine ( ...
Tópico(s): Thermodynamic properties of mixtures
2022 - American Chemical Society | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Muhammad S. Al-Samarraie, Merete Vevelstad, Ilah Le Nygaard, L. Hidalgo Bachs, Jørg Mørland,
BAKGRUNN BAKGRUNN Siden sommeren 2010 har det vært en epidemi av dødsfall relatert til parametoksymetamfetamin (PMMA) i Norge. Vi presenterer en oversikt over stoffets farmakologi og toksikologi. KUNNSKAPSGRUNNLAG KUNNSKAPSGRUNNLAG Oversikten er basert på et skjønnsmessig utvalg av relevante artikler funnet etter et litteratursøk i databasene PubMed, Ovid og Medline. RESULTATER RESULTATER Parametoksymetamfetamin og parametoksyamfetamin (PMA) er to såkalte designeramfetaminer som periodevis forekommer ...
Tópico(s): Poisoning and overdose treatments
2013 - Norwegian Medical Association | Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening
Hanna K. Knuutila, Naveed Asif, Solrun Johanne Vevelstad, Hallvard F. Svendsen,
The formation of nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) in a lab scale pilot was studied by feeding known amounts of nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide into the gas entering the absorber. In the same pilot, the destruction by UV-irradiation of NDELA present in the solvent was studied. Two campaigns were performed, one with 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) and one with 50 wt% diethanolamine (DEA). During the DEA campaign the destruction of NDELA in the water wash section was also tested. Additionally, degraded ...
Tópico(s): Water Treatment and Disinfection
2013 - EDP Sciences | Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles
Lena Midtlyng, Gudrun Høiseth, Hege Cathrine Luytkis, Lena Kristoffersen, Ilah Le Nygaard, Maren Cecilie Strand, Marianne Arnestad, Merete Vevelstad,
Unexpected death caused by diabetic or alcoholic ketoacidosis is easily overlooked due to the non-specific symptoms. Although the acid betahydroxybutyrate (BHB) is the most abundant ketone body formed in conditions with ketoacidosis, routine analysis in postmortem investigations often only includes the neutral ketone body acetone. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of implementing routine BHB analysis in postmortem cases, by investigating the relationship between BHB and acetone concentrations ...
Tópico(s): Forensic Entomology and Diptera Studies
2021 - Elsevier BV | Forensic Science International