Iraís A. Quintero‐Ortega, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Ram B. Gupta, Gabriel Luna‐Bárcenas, Alexander Penlidis,
... stay at Auburn University as visiting scholar. E. Vivaldo‐Lima acknowledges the financial support from DGAPA‐UNAM (PASPA ... and CONACyT 42728‐Y. Additional informationNotes on contributorsEduardo Vivaldo‐Lima On research leave from UNAM.
Tópico(s): Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions
2006 - Taylor & Francis | Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A

Telma Regina Nogueira, Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona, Neil T. McManus, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Alexander Penlidis,
Tópico(s): Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
2010 - Springer Science+Business Media | Journal of Materials Science
Julio C. Hernández‐Ortiz, Gabriel Jaramillo‐Soto, Joaquín Palacios‐Alquisira, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima,
Abstract A kinetic model for polymerization rate and molecular weight development in the RAFT polymerization of styrene activated by microwave irradiation has been developed. The effect of microwave irradiation was modeled assuming that the monomer can decompose into free radicals, even at temperatures where thermal initiation is negligible. The typical reactions of RAFT polymerization were also included in the model. The model was validated using experimental data from the literature for the RAFT ...
Tópico(s): Antimicrobial agents and applications
2009 - Wiley | Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Julio C. Hernández‐Ortiz, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona, Neil T. McManus, Alexander Penlidis,
Abstract A mathematical model for the copolymerization kinetics with crosslinking of vinyl/divinyl monomers in the presence of nitroxide controllers has been developed and validated using experimental data of TEMPO‐mediated copolymerization of styrene (STY) and divinylbenzene (DVB). Polymerization rate, molecular weight development, gelation point, evolution of sol and gel weight fractions, crosslink density, and copolymer composition, as well as concentrations of the species participating in the ...
Tópico(s): Photopolymerization techniques and applications
2009 - Wiley | Macromolecular Reaction Engineering
Gabriel Jaramillo‐Soto, Pedro R. García‐Morán, Francisco Javier Enríquez‐Medrano, Hortensia Maldonado‐Textle, Martha Albores‐Velasco, Ramiro Guerrero‐Santos, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima,
An experimental study on the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene in supercritical carbon dioxide is presented. A 38 mL, high-pressure view cell with two frontal and two lateral sapphire windows was used as reactor. Poly(styrene-block-dimethylsiloxane) was used as stabilizer. The performance as RAFT controllers of S-thiobenzoyl thioglycolic acid, methyl naphthalene dithiobenzoate, 4-methyl allyl dithiobenzoate, and benzyl-N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate was ...
Tópico(s): Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
2009 - Elsevier BV | Polymer
Jorge J. Hernández‐Meza, Gabriel Jaramillo‐Soto, Pedro R. García‐Morán, Joaquín Palacios‐Alquisira, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima,
Abstract Calculations of the polymerization rate and molecular weight development in the nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene (STY), using hydroxyl‐TEMPO and dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO), and activated by microwave irradiation (MI), are presented. The calculations are based on a kinetic model developed in our group. Microwave activation is modeled by three approaches: microwave‐activated production of free radicals from monomer molecules, microwave‐enhanced thermal initiation, and ...
Tópico(s): Photopolymerization techniques and applications
2009 - Wiley | Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Afsaneh Nabifar, Neil T. McManus, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona, Alexander Penlidis,
To investigate aspects of the contribution of (thermal) self-initiation in nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene, selective styrene polymerizations with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) in the absence of initiator were carried out at 120 and 130 °C. The results of these experiments (including conversion data, molecular weight averages, polydispersity and molecular weight distribution information) were compared with regular thermal polymerization of styrene and NMRP of ...
Tópico(s): Epoxy Resin Curing Processes
2008 - Elsevier BV | Chemical Engineering Science

Afsaneh Nabifar, Neil T. McManus, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona, Alexander Penlidis,
Abstract A comprehensive experimental investigation of nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) as controller is presented. Polymerizations with a bimolecular initiator (benzoyl peroxide; BPO) were carried out at 120 and 130°C, with TEMPO/BPO molar ratios ranging from 0.9 to 1.5. Results indicate that increasing temperature increases the rate of polymerization while the decrease in molecular weights is only slight. It was also observed ...
Tópico(s): Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
2008 - Wiley | The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering
Gabriel Jaramillo‐Soto, M. Luz Castellanos‐Cárdenas, Pedro R. García‐Morán, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Gabriel Luna‐Bárcenas, Alexander Penlidis,
Abstract The RAFT radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in supercritical carbon dioxide was modeled using the Predici® simulation package. The sensitivity of polymerization responses on formulation and process variables was analyzed. The simulations were carried out using kinetic and physical parameters corresponding to the polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide, using AIBN as initiator, at 65 °C and 200 bar, and using values of the addition and fragmentation kinetic ...
Tópico(s): Polymer Science and PVC
2008 - Wiley | Macromolecular Theory and Simulations

Martha Roa‐Luna, Afsaneh Nabifar, Neil T. McManus, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona, Alexander Penlidis,
Abstract The importance of diffusion‐controlled (DC) effects on controlled radical polymerization (CRP) processes has been rather controversial and usually considered only if there is some mismatch between experimental data and model predictions of polymerization rate and molecular weight averages. Results from an experimental study designed to create conditions in which DC effects may be present from the outset for the bimolecular nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene in the ...
Tópico(s): Photopolymerization techniques and applications
2008 - Wiley | Journal of Applied Polymer Science
Miguel Ángel Vega‐Hernández, Gema Susana Cano‐Díaz, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Alberto Rosas‐Aburto, Martín G. Hernández-Luna, Alfredo Martı́nez, Joaquín Palacios‐Alquisira, Yousef Mohammadi, Alexander Penlidis,
A critical review on the synthesis, characterization, and modeling of polymer grafting is presented. Although the motivation stemmed from grafting synthetic polymers onto lignocellulosic biopolymers, a comprehensive overview is also provided on the chemical grafting, characterization, and processing of grafted materials of different types, including synthetic backbones. Although polymer grafting has been studied for many decades—and so has the modeling of polymer branching and crosslinking for that ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
2021 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Processes
Enoc Cetina-Mancilla, Lilian I. Olvera, Jorge Balmaseda, Michael Förster, F. Alberto Ruiz‐Treviño, Jorge Cárdenas, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Mikhail G. Zolotukhin,
Synthesis of processable, aromatic pyridine-containing polymers has always been a great challenge.
Tópico(s): Synthesis and Properties of Aromatic Compounds
2020 - Royal Society of Chemistry | Polymer Chemistry
Juan José Benvenuta‐Tapia, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, José Alfredo Tenorio‐López, María de los Ángeles Vargas-Hernández, Humberto Vázquez‐Torres,
Tópico(s): biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
2018 - Elsevier BV | Thermochimica Acta
Patricia Pérez‐Salinas, Gabriel Jaramillo‐Soto, Alberto Rosas‐Aburto, Humberto Vázquez‐Torres, María Josefa Bernad‐Bernad, Ángel Licea‐Claverie, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima,
There is a debate in the literature on whether or not polymer networks synthesized by reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) processes, such as reversible addition-fragmentation radical transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers, are less heterogeneous than those synthesized by conventional free radical copolymerization (FRP). In this contribution, the syntheses by FRP and RAFT of hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethylene methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ( ...
Tópico(s): Polymer Foaming and Composites
2017 - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute | Processes
Porfirio López‐Domínguez, Julio C. Hernández‐Ortiz, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima,
Abstract A kinetic model for the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer radical copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers in supercritical carbon dioxide, using a multifunctional approach for polymer network formation, is presented. The process is assumed to proceed as a dispersion polymerization in three stages, with two phases: CO 2 ‐ and polymer‐rich phases. A simple model for partition of the main components within the two phases is used. Experimental data of monomer conversion, molar ...
Tópico(s): Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
2017 - Wiley | Macromolecular Theory and Simulations
Oscar Hernández‐Meléndez, Floriberto Miguel-Cruz, Carmina Montiel, Martín G. Hernández-Luna, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Carlos Mena-Brito, Eduardo Bárzana,
Tópico(s): Enzyme Production and Characterization
2016 - Springer Science+Business Media | BioEnergy Research
Jesús Díaz-Sánchez, Alberto Rosas‐Aburto, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, José M. Hernández-Alcántara, Isabel Gracia‐Mora, Humberto Vázquez‐Torres, L.C. Ordóñez, Pedro Roquero, Miquel Gimeno,
An effective polyaniline-based electrochromic device was successfully achieved using the enzyme-mediated poly (gallic acid) as a polyaniline polymerization template. Poly (gallic acid) proved non-toxic upon the conducted cytotoxicity assays. Thermogravimetric analysis of the novel polyaniline-poly (gallic acid) complex displayed a remarkable increase in thermal stability compared to polyaniline-HCl doped, polyaniline-poly (styrene sulfonate), polyaniline-poly (isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) complexes. ...
Tópico(s): Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
2016 - Elsevier BV | Synthetic Metals
Carmina Montiel, Oscar Hernández‐Meléndez, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Martín G. Hernández-Luna, Eduardo Bárzana,
Tópico(s): Enzyme Production and Characterization
2016 - Springer Science+Business Media | BioEnergy Research
Lizeth Espinosa-Pérez, Julio C. Hernández‐Ortiz, Porfirio López‐Domínguez, Gabriel Jaramillo‐Soto, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Patricia Pérez‐Salinas, Alberto Rosas‐Aburto, Ángel Licea‐Claverie, Humberto Vázquez‐Torres, María Josefa Bernad‐Bernad,
The copolymerization kinetics of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with either ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) in the presence of RAFT controllers is studied using a mathematical model recently developed in our group. The model is based on the concept of multifunctional polymer molecules. The cases of conventional and controlled homopolymerizations of HEMA as well as the RAFT copolymerization of HEMA/EGDMA and HEMA/DEGDMA are addressed and are in good ...
Tópico(s): Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation
2014 - Wiley | Macromolecular Reaction Engineering
Julio C. Hernández‐Ortiz, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Marc A. Dubé, Alexander Penlidis,
A mathematical model for the kinetics of copolymerization with crosslinking of vinyl/divinyl monomers in the presence of RAFT controllers is developed. A reaction scheme considering multifunctional polymer molecules, which results in a multidimensional problem, is proposed. Molecular weight development during the pre‐gelation period was calculated using the method of moments. Flory–Stockmayer's theory is used for the post‐gelation period. The case of RAFT homopolymerization is also studied, as an ...
Tópico(s): Polymer Science and PVC
2014 - Wiley | Macromolecular Theory and Simulations
Virginie Vandenbossche, J. Brault, Gérard Vilarem, Oscar Hernández‐Meléndez, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Martín G. Hernández-Luna, Eduardo Bárzana, Aleta Duque, Paloma Manzanares, Mercedes Ballesteros, Julio Mata, Erick Castellón, Luc Rigal,
A new process for the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass was evaluated. It combines thermo-mechano-chemical action and the bio-catalytic action of enzymatic hydrolysis in a twin-screw extruder. The process proceeds in three phases all conducted in a twin-screw extruder: an alkaline pretreatment, a neutralization phase and an enzyme impregnation phase during which hemicelluloses and cellulose saccharification begins. Four model feedstocks with high cellulose content have been selected for ...
Tópico(s): Food composition and properties
2014 - Elsevier BV | Industrial Crops and Products
Porfirio López‐Domínguez, Julio C. Hernández‐Ortiz, Kristine J. Barlow, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Graeme Moad,
The synthesis of monoliths by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB) at high-crosslinker content is studied using the recently reported multifunctional polymer molecule approach. The agreement between model predictions, incorporating diffusion-control, and experimental data from CSIRO is good for all cases analyzed. This includes examples with high-crosslinker concentrations, which cause deviation from some of the simplifying assumptions ...
Tópico(s): Fuel Cells and Related Materials
2014 - Wiley | Macromolecular Reaction Engineering
Alison J. Scott, Afsaneh Nabifar, Julio C. Hernández‐Ortiz, Neil T. McManus, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Alexander Penlidis,
Results from the crosslinking kinetics of nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene (STY) in the presence of a small amount of divinylbenzene (DVB) are presented. The performance of styrene polymerization with N-tert-butyl-N-(2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl)-O-(1-phenylethyl) hydroxylamine (referred to as TIPNO-based alkoxyamine or I-TIPNO) is first examined to see if the system exhibits controlled behavior. Then, typical profiles for crosslinking NMRP of STY/DVB in the presence of this alkoxyamine ( ...
Tópico(s): Polymer composites and self-healing
2013 - Elsevier BV | European Polymer Journal
Gabriel Jaramillo‐Soto, Cindy M. Villa-Ávila, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima,
An experimental study on the kinetics of the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at 65°C and 172 bar is presented. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as initiator, S-Thiobenzoyl thioglycolic acid as RAFT agent, and Krytox 257 FSL (Dupont) as stabilizer. A 38 mL, high pressure view cell, equipped with one frontal and two lateral sapphire windows, was used ...
Tópico(s): Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
2013 - Taylor & Francis | Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A
Iván Zapata‐González, Enrique Saldívar‐Guerra, Antonio Flores‐Tlacuahuac, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, José Ortiz‐Cisneros,
Abstract The modelling of the full molecular weight distribution in addition polymerisation gives rise to very large dimension (10 3 –10 6 ) systems of ordinary differential equations, often exhibiting serious stiffness issues. This article summarises a methodology recently implemented by our group, in which the QSSA is applied on the fast dynamic species in order to reduce the stiffness, and then the remaining equations are solved by computationally inexpensive explicit algorithms (such as Euler). Specific ...
Tópico(s): Fuel Cells and Related Materials
2012 - Wiley | The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering
Gabriel Jaramillo‐Soto, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima,
An experimental study on the kinetics of the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion copolymerization with crosslinking of styrene and divinylbenzene in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is presented. This is the first time that such a controlled polymer network synthesis is carried out in scCO2. S-Thiobenzoyl thioglycolic acid (TBTGA) and dibenzoyl peroxide were used as RAFT agent and initiator, respectively. The polymerizations were carried out in a high pressure cell ...
Tópico(s): Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
2012 - CSIRO Publishing | Australian Journal of Chemistry
Julio C. Hernández‐Ortiz, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Alexander Penlidis,
Abstract A mathematical model for the kinetics of copolymerization with crosslinking of vinyl/divinyl monomers in the presence of stable nitroxyl radicals is presented. A reaction scheme considering multifunctional polymer molecules is proposed. The Flory‐Stockmayer theory is used for the post‐gelation period. Average crosslink and cyclization densities are calculated using two different approaches. Good agreement between predicted profiles and experimental data from our and other groups is observed ...
Tópico(s): Advancements in Photolithography Techniques
2012 - Wiley | Macromolecular Theory and Simulations

Telma Regina Nogueira, Maria Cecília Gonçalves, Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Neil T. McManus, Alexander Penlidis,
Abstract To increase the polymerization rate in the bimolecular nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene, without using expensive non‐commercial reagents, an experimental study using 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinoxyl as a controller and tert‐butylperoxy 2‐ethylhexyl carbonate (TBEC) as the initiator was carried out. The basis for comparison was the bimolecular NMRP of styrene with dibenzoyl peroxide as initiator. It was found that faster polymerization rates and still relatively ...
Tópico(s): Polymer composites and self-healing
2010 - Wiley | Advances in Polymer Technology
Enrique Saldívar‐Guerra, Ramiro Infante, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Antonio Flores‐Tlacuahuac,
Abstract Direct integration of the equations describing the full MWD in addition polymerization is shown to be feasible in reasonable computing times using standard computers for a considerable number of realistic systems. This is possible if the stiffness of the system is removed (if present) by the application of the QSSA, and the use of suitable numerical methods. This communication provides the basic ideas of a general method, based on the chemical nature of the system and the structure of the ...
Tópico(s): Polymer Science and PVC
2010 - Wiley | Macromolecular Theory and Simulations
Alberto López‐Luna, José Luis de la Cruz Gallegos, Miquel Gimeno, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Eduardo Bárzana,
Enzyme-mediated syntheses of polyester structures are described using green compressed fluids as solvent media, thus avoiding the use of toxic volatile organic compounds or metal catalyst. Supercritical carbon dioxide is presented as a adequate medium for enzymatic synthesis of relatively high molecular weight poly(δ-valerolactone). Alternatively, liquid 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) is a green, non-toxic, relatively polar and hydrophobic solvent, which enhances the solubility of many substrates ...
Tópico(s): Synthetic Organic Chemistry Methods
2010 - Elsevier BV | Journal of Molecular Catalysis B Enzymatic