Lynne E. Bernstein, Marilyn E. Demorest, David C. Coulter, Michael P. O’Connell,
Three vibrotactile vocoders were compared in a training study involving several different speech perception tasks. Vocoders were: (1) the Central Institute for the Deaf version of the Queen’s University vocoder, with 1/3-oct filter spacing and logarithmic ... BME-33, 712–716 (1986)]; (2) the same vocoder with linear output scaling (CIDLin); and (3) the Gallaudet University vocoder designed with greater resolution in the second formant region, relative to the CID vocoders, and linear output scaling (GULin). Four normal-hearing ...
Tópico(s): Noise Effects and Management
1991 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Manu Airaksinen, Lauri Juvela, Bajibabu Bollepalli, Junichi Yamagishi, Paavo Alku,
A vocoder is used to express a speech waveform with a controllable parametric representation that can be converted back into a speech waveform. Vocoders representing their main categories (mixed excitation, glottal, and sinusoidal vocoders) were compared in this study with formal and crowd-sourced listening tests. The vocoder quality was measured within the context of analysis- ... the TTS experiments were divided into synthesis with vocoder-specific features and synthesis with a shared envelope model, where the waveform generation method of the vocoders is mainly responsible for the quality differences. Finally, ...
Tópico(s): Music and Audio Processing
2018 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing
Chadlia Karoui, Chris James, Pascal Barone, D. Bakhos, Mathieu Marx, Olivier Macherey,
... by their CI with speech processed by several vocoders presented to their healthy ear. In each trial, ... two intervals: their CI followed by a certain vocoder in Interval 1 and their CI followed by a different vocoder in Interval 2. The vocoders differed either (i) in carrier type—(sinusoidal [SINE], ... which of the two intervals the CI and vocoder sounds were more similar. Despite a large intersubject variability, the PSHC vocoder was judged significantly more similar to the CI than SINE or NOISE vocoders. Furthermore, the No-mismatch and 2-ERB mismatch ...
Tópico(s): Speech and Audio Processing
2019 - SAGE Publishing | Trends in Hearing
This article presents a neural vocoder named HiNet which reconstructs speech waveforms from acoustic features by predicting amplitude and phase spectra hierarchically. Different from existing neural vocoders such as WaveNet, SampleRNN and WaveRNN which directly ... waveform samples using single neural networks, the HiNet vocoder is composed of an amplitude spectrum predictor (ASP) ... no autoregressive structures in both predictors, the HiNet vocoder can generate speech waveforms with high efficiency. Objective ...
Tópico(s): Music and Audio Processing
2020 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing
Ali Raheem Mandeel, Mohammed Salah Al-Radhi, Tamás Gábor Csapó,
... an investigation of speaker adaptation using a continuous vocoder for parametric text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. In purposes that demand low computational complexity, conventional vocoder-based statistical parametric speech synthesis can be preferable. While capable of remarkable naturalness, recent neural vocoders nonetheless fall short of the criteria for real-time synthesis. We investigate our former continuous vocoder, in which the excitation is characterized employing two ... correlation), the quality of speaker adaptation using Continuous Vocoder-based DNN-TTS is slightly better than the ...
Tópico(s): Music and Audio Processing
2022 - Springer Science+Business Media | Multimedia Tools and Applications
Design optimization procedures for vocoder bandpass filters have evolved as a result of successful digital computer simulations of voice-excited vocoders and spectrum channel vocoders. These procedures yield designs that result in improved performance of the channel vocoder. The procedures, implemented by computer programs, permit choosing ... and low-pass filters required in a channel vocoder. Examination of response curves shows why the nearly ... the frequency crossover point of contiguous filters. For vocoder designs employing unequal bandwidth filters, channel characteristics may ...
Tópico(s): Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
1968 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Michael K. Qin, Andrew J. Oxenham,
... study was to examine the effects of envelope-vocoder sound processing on listeners' ability to discriminate changes ... measured as a function of number of envelope-vocoder frequency channels (1, 4, 8, 24, and 40 ... six normal-hearing listeners, with the number of vocoder channels (8 and 24 channels, and unprocessed) as ... F0 discrimination in conditions with fewer numbers of vocoder channels. Despite the reasonable F0DLs (<1 semitone) with 24- and 8-channel vocoder processing, listeners were unable to benefit from F0 ...
Tópico(s): Noise Effects and Management
2005 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Ear and Hearing
John M. Borst, Franklin S. Cooper,
... speech have been developed, employing an 18-channel vocoder as the basic speech processing device. One is a vocoder-playback (Voback) which produces speech sounds from hand- ... multiplier phototubes to provide control voltages for the vocoder synthesizer. Two additional phototubes provide control of pitch ... of real speech as it passes through the vocoder. The speech is supplied to the vocoder from a loop of magnetic tape which runs ... supply pitch and buzz/hiss voltages to the vocoder synthesizer. A closely related device (Amplituder) permits instant- ...
Tópico(s): Speech and Audio Processing
1957 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
The channel vocoder is described. This device achieves bandwidth compression greater than that of the bandpass compressor but less than that of the formant vocoder. To date it has been much more widely used than any other kind of vocoder. The channel vocoder exploits the insensitivity of the aural mechanism to ... reconstruct the speech. Several configurations of the channel vocoder are described and the factors which affect the specification of design parameters for channel vocoders are considered.
Tópico(s): Speech and Audio Processing
1967 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics
... in the modification of natural sounds, the phase vocoder is a digital signal processing technique of potentially great significance. By itself, the phase vocoder can perform very high fidelity time-scale modification ... with a standard software synthesis program, the phase vocoder can provide the composer with arbitrary control of individual harmonics. But use of the phase vocoder to date has been limited primarily to experts ... attempt to explain the operation of the phase vocoder in terms accessible to musicians. I rely heavily ...
Tópico(s): Speech and Audio Processing
1986 - The MIT Press | Computer Music Journal
Traditional pitch-excited linear predictive coding (LPC) vocoders use a fully parametric model to efficiently encode the important information in human speech. These vocoders can produce intelligible speech at low data rates ( ... This paper presents a new mixed excitation LPC vocoder model that preserves the low bit rate of ... for a binary voicing decision so that the vocoder performs well even in the presence of acoustic background noise. A 2400-b/s LPC vocoder based on this model has been developed and ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Data Compression Techniques
1995 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing
Sebastián A. Ausili, Bradford C. Backus, Martijn J.H. Agterberg, A. John Van Opstal, Marc M. Van Wanrooij,
... field stimuli processed by a real-time CI vocoder. The use of a real-time vocoder is a new approach, which enables testing in ... In contrast, when listening with bilateral real-time vocoders, listeners tended to orient either to the left ... listening with an NH ear and a unilateral vocoder, localization was impoverished on the vocoder side but improved toward the NH side. Localization ... and removal of spectral pinna cues by the vocoder impairs sound localization. Listeners seem to ignore cues that were made unreliable by the vocoder, leading to acute reweighting of available localization cues. ...
Tópico(s): Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
2019 - SAGE Publishing | Trends in Hearing
Marita K. Everhardt, Anastasios Sarampalis, Matt Coler, Deniz Başkent, Wander Lowie,
... study quantitatively assesses how cochlear implants (CIs) and vocoder simulations of CIs influence the identification of linguistic ... CI users and normal-hearing (NH) listeners of vocoder simulations (henceforth: simulation listeners) identify prosody compared with ... using the search terms “cochlear implant prosody” and “vocoder prosody.” Records (published in English) were included that ... linguistic and emotional prosody was comparable, suggesting that vocoder simulations with carefully selected parameters can provide a ...
Tópico(s): Hearing Impairment and Communication
2020 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Ear and Hearing
James L. Flanagan, D. I. S. Meinhart, Roger M. Golden, Man Mohan Sondhi,
A type of vocoder is described that promises modest bandsaving and elimination of the pitch-tracking and voiced-unvoiced switching inherent in spectrum channel vocoders. A speech signal f(t) suffers little degradation ... carry the excitation information. Previous experience with channel vocoders shows that the |F(ωn,t)| signals may ... around 20 cps. Our experiments with the phase vocoder indicate that the φ̇(ωn,t) signals may ... similarly band-limited. Speech transmitted by the phase vocoder is demonstrated.
Tópico(s): Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques
1965 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
... Speech Research Unit was conducting research into channel vocoders, culminating in a laboratory-built design suitable for ... 2400 bit/s. The success of the basic vocoder design was such that it has since been ... they have evolved. In view of the JSRU vocoder's continued competitiveness with other narrow-band speech ... specification of all the essential features of the vocoder configuration, with comments on the reasons for the ... The two most important factors contributing to this vocoder's successful performance are the use of narrow- ...
Tópico(s): Phonetics and Phonology Research
1980 - | IEE Proceedings F Communications Radar and Signal Processing
Janet M. Weisenberger, James C. Craig, Grayson D. Abbott,
... had previous training with the Queen’s University vocoder, a multichannel tactile vocoder that has shown promising results. Performance of these ‘‘ ... excellent, equalling levels obtained with the Queen’s vocoder. These results suggest that a principal components design may be a promising alternative to a vocoder strategy for a tactile aid. Results for the ‘‘ ... the principal components aid and the Queen’s vocoder for these subjects, suggests that they were able to transfer previous learning with the Queen’s vocoder to the principal components device.
Tópico(s): Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
1991 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
... quantization scheme and a very low bit rate vocoder is developed to obtain good quality speech for ... the new matrix quantization based mixed excitation (MQME) vocoder, the residual LSF vectors for two consecutive frames ... vector quantization yields bit rate reduction in the vocoder. For the MQME vocoder, listening tests have proven that an efficient and ... with the mixed excitation based 2400 bps MELP vocoder which is chosen as the new federal standard, ... the performance is near the 2400 bps MELP vocoder particularly in quiet environments.
Tópico(s): Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques
2003 - Elsevier BV | Speech Communication
Michael A. Stone, Christian Füllgrabe, Brian C. J. Moore,
In cochlear implants, or vocoder simulations of cochlear implants, the transmission of envelope cues at high rates (related to voice fundamental frequency, f0) may be ... effect of varying flp in tone and noise vocoders was investigated for channel numbers, N, from 6 ... a competing-talker task showed that the tone vocoder led to better intelligibility than the noise vocoder. The PP condition led to the best intelligibility ... of f0-related envelope information, and suggest that vocoder simulations of cochlear-implant processing have limitations.
Tópico(s): Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
2008 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
... procedures for removing TFS include noise and tone vocoders. In the noise vocoder, bands of noise are modulated by the envelope ... speech within each band, and in the tone vocoder the carrier is a sinusoid at the center ... TFS are evaluated in this paper: the noise vocoder, a low-noise noise approach in which the ... band, phase randomization within each band, the tone vocoder, and sinusoidal modeling with random phase. The effects ... of the envelope time-frequency modulation. The tone vocoder gives the best accuracy, followed by the procedure ...
Tópico(s): Structural Health Monitoring Techniques
2011 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Ryan Stafford, James W. Stafford, Jonathon Wells, Philipos C. Loizou, Matthew D. Keller,
... The purpose of this work was to use vocoder-based simulations to investigate speech recognition for broad ... dynamic ranges, and numbers of discriminable loudness steps.Vocoder simulations were used to assess the intelligibility of ... and numbers of discriminable steps.Speech processed via vocoder simulations representing focused stimulation was found to be ... intelligible than speech processed via a monopolar electric vocoder simulation, with differences of up to 60 percentage ... conditions investigated. Speech processed via the highly focused vocoder (17 dB/mm) was robust to constraints on ...
Tópico(s): Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
2013 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Ear and Hearing
Jessica M. Wess, Douglas S. Brungart, Joshua G. W. Bernstein,
... interfere with contralateral unmasking. The present study presented vocoder simulations to NH participants to examine the effects ... competing-talker paradigm for NH listeners presented with vocoder simulations of SSD-CI listening. In the monaural ... inherent in CI processing were introduced to the vocoder processing: spectral shifts, temporal delays, and reduced frequency ... of interaural spectral mismatches when the number of vocoder channels was reduced. Experiment 4 applied interaural spectral ... maximize contralateral unmasking for NH listeners presented with vocoder simulations of SSD-CI listening. Improved processing strategies ...
Tópico(s): Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
2016 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | Ear and Hearing
Quentin Mesnildrey, Gaston Hilkhuysen, Olivier Macherey,
Noise- and sine-carrier vocoders are often used to acoustically simulate the information transmitted by a cochlear implant (CI). However, sine-waves fail to mimic ... complexes (PSHCs) as an alternative acoustic carrier in vocoders. Sentence-in-noise recognition was measured in 12 normal-hearing subjects for noise-, sine-, and PSHC-vocoders. Consistent with the amount of intrinsic modulations present in each vocoder condition, the average speech reception threshold obtained with the PSHC-vocoder was higher than with sine-vocoding but lower ...
Tópico(s): Noise Effects and Management
2016 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
The phase vocoder is a well established tool for time scaling and pitch shifting speech and audio signals via modification of ... time-scaling and pitch-shifting techniques, the phase vocoder is generally considered to yield high quality results, ... factors and/or polyphonic signals. However, the phase vocoder is also known for introducing a characteristic perceptual ... its causes. Two extensions to the standard phase vocoder algorithm are introduced, and the resulting sound quality ... to be significantly improved. Moreover, the modified phase vocoder is shown to provide a factor-of-two ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques
1999 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing
Mohammed Salah Al-Radhi, Tamás Gábor Csapó, Géza Németh,
... in statistical parametric speech synthesis, we proposed a vocoder using continuous F0 in combination with Maximum Voiced ... neural network (DNN). The advantage of a continuous vocoder in this scenario is that vocoder parameters are simpler to model than traditional vocoders with discontinuous F0. However, DNNs have a lack ... RNN) are investigated and applied using this continuous vocoder to model F0, MVF, and Mel-Generalized Cepstrum ( ...
Tópico(s): Speech and Audio Processing
2017 - Springer Science+Business Media | Lecture notes in computer science
Bajibabu Bollepalli, Lauri Juvela, Manu Airaksinen, Cassia Valentini-Botinhao, Paavo Alku,
... FT). Furthermore, four state-of-the-art TTS vocoders are compared in the same context. The evaluated vocoders are: GlottHMM, GlottDNN, STRAIGHT, and pulse model in ... performance of both the adaptation methods and the vocoders. In the subjective evaluations, speaking style similarity and ... found that there were no significant differences between vocoders although the PML vocoder showed slightly better performance compared to the three other vocoders.
Tópico(s): Phonetics and Phonology Research
2019 - Elsevier BV | Speech Communication
Yuki Saito, Shinnosuke Takamichi, Hiroshi Saruwatari,
This paper proposes novel training algorithms for vocoder-free text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) that compensate for short-term Fourier transform (STFT) amplitude spectra in low/multi frequency resolution. Vocoder-free TTS using STFT amplitude spectra can avoid degradation of synthetic speech quality caused by the vocoder-based parameterization used in conventional TTS. Our previous work for the vocoder-based TTS proposed a method for incorporating the ... quality. This paper extends the algorithm to the vocoder-free TTS and propose a GAN-based training ...
Tópico(s): Music and Audio Processing
2019 - Elsevier BV | Computer Speech & Language
Taejun Bak, Junmo Lee, Hanbin Bae, Jinhyeok Yang, Jae‐Sung Bae, Young-Sun Joo,
Neural vocoders based on the generative adversarial neural network (GAN) have been widely used due to their fast inference ... in the low-frequency bands, most GAN-based vocoders perform multi-scale analysis that evaluates downsampled speech ... the relationship between these artifacts and GAN-based vocoders and propose a GAN-based vocoder, called Avocodo, that allows the synthesis of high- ... to experimental results, Avocodo outperforms baseline GAN-based vocoders, both objectively and subjectively, while reproducing speech with ...
Tópico(s): Music and Audio Processing
2023 - Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence | Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Eugene Peterson, Franklin S. Cooper,
A vocoder of the usual channel type has been used as the basis for a comparatively crude form of resonance vocoder. Supplementary equipment—the Peakpicker—is located between analyzer and synthesizer of the vocoder to carry out two functions, namely, to select ... for the selected channels. All circuits of the vocoder proper are retained and used without change. The ... are detected. The Peakpicker and an 18-channel vocoder have been tested for selection of three, four, ...
Tópico(s): Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
1957 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
... an automatic recognition process built into a “phonetic vocoder.” The classified spectra were then used to synthesize ... a 6-fold reduction over the frequency-band vocoder. Also, the recognition process assures that spoken words ... as phonetic text. Speech processed with the phonetic vocoder described here was obtained using an alphabet of ... found in a limited test. Spectrograms of the vocoder input and output are compared.
Tópico(s): Advanced Data Compression Techniques
1958 - Acoustical Society of America | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Edward E. David, Manfred R. Schroeder, B. F. Logan, A. J. Prestigiacomo,
... potential for bandwidth saving in long distance telephony, vocoders have not found wide-spread acceptance. Two major ... to-noise ratio and equalization. A voice-excited vocoder (VEV) with a 720 cps (250-970 eps) ... of the test utterances. 0nly 19% of conventional vocoder utterances were so considered. The vocoder performed about equally well for each of the ...
Tópico(s): Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques
1962 - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory