Evolução sócio-econômica de um município da micro-região Agreste Meridional: Agrestina, 1966-1978
1979; Volume: 7; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Português
ISSN
2526-9372
Autores Tópico(s)Agricultural and Food Sciences
ResumoRESUMO Trabalho baseado nas observacoes realizadas in loco em 1966 e, doze anos mais tarde, em agosto de 1978, que focaliza as mudancas socio-economicas ocorridas num municipio beneficiado pelo melhoramento da rede rodoviaria do Nordeste. O melhoramento de comunicacao se acompanha de um processo de uniformizacao da sociedade local segundo padroes impostos pela sociedade global. Ao mesmo tempo, se acentuam tendencias que rompem o tradicional equilibrio do sistema pecuaria-agricultura que caracterizava esta zona, fonte de abastecimento alimentar para as regioes de alta densidade populacional da faixa costeira. Estas tendencias sao as seguintes: definhamento da pequena propriedade; aumento das grandes unidades de exportacao (relativamente a zona); crise na agricultura; pecuarizacao crescente; pauperizacao dos pequenos produtores e intensificacao do exodo rural; formacao de um tipo de novos fazendeiros. Os contrastes, decorrentes da desigualdade crescente de recursos economicos, vao aumentando entre as diferentes camadas socio-economicas tanto no meio rural como no meio urbano, gerando uma estratificacao mais acentuada na populacao. Na camada superior, os nativos que pertencem as tradicionais familias do municipio superam pelo numero os forasteiros vindos com capitais urbanos. Portanto, a lideranca politica permaneceu na posse das familias tradicionais. A existencia de uma bipolaridade do poder (briga entre duas familias por varias geracoes) que estrutura o conjunto das relacoes interpessoais na sociedade rural nos parece a forma de resistencia mais caracteristica da subcultura agreste contra o avanco da cultura urbana global. ABSTRACT Socioeconomic evolution of a municipality of the Agrestic Meridional Microregion: Agrestina 1966-1978. v. 7, n. 1, p. 105-136, jan./jun. 1979. Work based on observations carried out in loco in 1966 and, twelve years later, in August of 1978, which focuses the socioeconomic changes occured in a municipality benefited by the improvement of the roadnetwork of the Northeast. The improvement of communication is accompanied by a process of uniformization of the local society according to the patterns imposed by the global society. At the same time, tendencies that break the traditional balance of the cattle-raising and agriculture system which characterized this zone, source of alimentary supplying for the regions of high density of population in the coastal area, are emphasized. These tendencies are the following ones: weakening of the small property; increase of the great unities of explotation; crisis in agriculture; cattle-raising increasing; impoverishment of the little producers; intensifying the rural exodus; formation of a type of new farmers. The contrasts caused by the increasing unequality of economic resources, go on improving among the different socioeconomic layers both in rural and urban environment, generating a more emphasized stratification in the population. In the superior layer the native who belong to the traditional families of the municipality surpass in number traditional families. The existence of a power bipolarity disagreements between two families during several generations) which structures the set of interpersonal relations in the rural society, give us the impression of a form of the most characteristic of the Agrestic subculture against the advance of the global urban culture. RESUME L’evolution socio-economique d’une ville de la micro-region Agreste-Meridional: Agrestina. v. 7, n. 1, p. 105-136, jan./jun. 1979. Ce travail appuye par des observations realisees sur place en 1966 et 12 ans plus tard en aout 1978, met en lumiere les changements socio-economiques survenus dans une municipalite favorisee par l’amelioration du reseau routier du Nordeste. Cette amelioration dans les moyens de communication est accompagnee d’un processus d’uniformisation de la societe locale d’apres des modeles imposes par la societe globale. En meme temps s’accentuent des tendances qui rompent l’equilibre traditionnel du systeme elevage-agriculture qui caracterise toute cette region, source de ravitaillement pour les regions de la cote a une forte densite de population. Ces tendances sont les suivantes: diminution de la petite propriete, augmentation du nombre de grandes unites d’explotation des terres, crise dans l’agriculture, elevage en croissance, apauvrissement des petits proprietaires et intensification de l’exode rural, formation d’un type nouveau de fermiers. Les contrastes dus a l’inegalite croissante des ressources economiques se font toujours plus frappants entre les differentes couches sociales et economiques, aussi bien en milieu rural qu’en milieu urbain, ce qui est la cause d’une stratification plus accentuee dans la population. Dans la couche superieure les natifs, qui appartiennent a des familles traditionelles du municipe, depassent en nombre ceux qui viennent des villes avec des capitaux. En consequence du povoir (dispute entre deux familles durant plusieurs generations) qui structure l’ensemble des relations entre les gens de la societe rurale nous semble etre une maniere de resistance plus caracteristique de la sous culture agreste (region de Nordeste) contre l’avance de la culture urbaine globale.
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