Setting diagnostic thresholds for social phobia: considerations from a community survey of social anxiety
1994; American Psychiatric Association; Volume: 151; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1176/ajp.151.3.408
ISSN1535-7228
AutoresMurray B. Stein, John R. Walker, David R. Forde,
Tópico(s)Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
ResumoBack to table of contents Previous article Next article No AccessSetting diagnostic thresholds for social phobia: considerations from a community survey of social anxietyPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.151.3.408AboutSectionsView articleAbstractPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View articleAbstractOBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to gain a broader perspective on social anxiety in the community than has been achieved by epidemiologic surveys to date. METHODS: The authors conducted a telephone survey of social anxiety among 526 randomly selected respondents in a medium- sized Canadian city. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of the respondents reported being much or somewhat more anxious than other people in at least one of the seven social situations surveyed. Speaking to a large audience (i.e., public speaking) was the most frequently feared situation (endorsed by 55.0% of the respondents), followed by speaking to a small group of familiar people (24.9%), dealing with people in authority (23.3%), attending social gatherings (14.5%), speaking to strangers or meeting new people (13.7%), and eating (7.1%) or writing (5.1%) in front of others. When the threshold for caseness was systematically modified--by altering the required level of psychosocial interference or distress or by including or excluding subjects with pure public speaking phobia--the rate of "social anxiety syndrome" in the community varied from 1.9% to 18.7%; 7.1% was the prevalence when the criteria were set to conform with DSM-III-R. CONCLUSIONS: Social anxiety is common in the community, but precise delineation of the prevalence of "social phobia" depends heavily on where the diagnostic threshold is set. If DSM-III-R criteria had been applied in previous epidemiologic studies, it is likely that those studies would have documented prevalences of social phobia that are several times as high as the currently accepted rates. Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited bySocial phobia of Ethiopian students: meta-analysis and systematic review14 March 2023 | Systematic Reviews, Vol. 12, No. 1Egzersiz Katılımcılarının Fiziksel Görünüm Mükemmeliyetçiliği, Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı ve Egzersiz Bağımlılıklarının İncelenmesi15 March 2023 | International Journal of Sport, Exercise & Training SciencesAttention to faces in images is associated with personality and psychopathology15 February 2023 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 18, No. 2Functional Connectivity Between Basal Forebrain and Superficial Amygdala Negatively Correlates with Social FearfulnessNeuroscience, Vol. 510Systematic literature review of human studies assessing the efficacy of cannabidiol for social anxietyPsychiatry Research Communications, Vol. 2, No. 4Effect of Educatıon and Socıal Anxıety on Acoustıc, Perceptual and Aerodynamıc Parameters of Adult Females23 April 2022 | Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Vol. 74, No. S3Cyber Addiction and the Role of Social Anxiety Disorders among College-Going Students of the Central Kashmir: A Cross-Sectional Study8 July 2022 | Malaysian Journal Of Psychiatry, Vol. 31, No. 1Perceptions towards an interaction partner predict social anxiety: an ecological momentary assessment study30 August 2021 | Cognition and Emotion, Vol. 35, No. 8A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between expressive suppression and positive affectClinical Psychology Review, Vol. 88Social Anxiety, Fear of Negative Evaluation, and Distress in a Virtual Reality Environment24 February 2021 | Behaviour Change, Vol. 38, No. 2Manipulating Alcohol Expectancies in Social Anxiety: A Focus on Beliefs About Losing Control15 October 2020 | Cognitive Therapy and Research, Vol. 45, No. 1Social anxiety modulates visual exploration in real life – but not in the laboratoryBritish Journal of Psychology, Vol. 111, No. 2Examining the relationship between public speaking anxiety, distress tolerance and psychological flexibilityJournal of Contextual Behavioral Science, Vol. 16Social anxiety compared to depression better accounts for enhanced acquisition of self-reported anxiety toward faces paired with negative evaluation in a conditioning task19 February 2020 | Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, Vol. 11, No. 1Screening of social phobia symptoms in a sample of Egyptian university students1 April 2019 | Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo), Vol. 46, No. 2Journal of Applied Behavior AnalysisAnemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler DergisiAsian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 27The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Vol. 24, No. 12Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol. 7Social Anxiety and Emotion Regulation: A Model for Developmental Psychopathology Perspectives on Anxiety Disorders6 September 2015Developmental Epidemiology of Social Anxiety and Social Phobia in AdolescentsSocial Anxiety DisorderAmygdala–cingulate intrinsic connectivity is associated with degree of social inhibitionBiological Psychology, Vol. 99Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 46Psychiatry Research, Vol. 220, No. 3The 5-HT1D/1B receptor agonist sumatriptan enhances fear of simulated speaking and reduces plasma levels of prolactin16 January 2013 | Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 27, No. 12Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Vol. 27, No. 4Anxiolytic-like effect of oxytocin in the simulated public speaking test9 May 2011 | Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 26, No. 4Annals of Behavioral Medicine, Vol. 43, No. 3Behavior Therapy, Vol. 43, No. 2Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Vol. 26, No. 1Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, Vol. 12, No. 8Social fear and social phobia types among community youth: Differential clinical features and vulnerability factorsJournal of Psychiatric Research, Vol. 45, No. 1Journal of Psychiatric Research, Vol. 45, No. 12Challenges in diagnosing pathological anxietyIs there a spectrum of social anxiety disorder?Escitalopram prolonged fear induced by simulated public speaking and released hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation27 February 2009 | Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 24, No. 5Study of the psychometric qualities of the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS) in Brazilian university students16 April 2020 | European Psychiatry, Vol. 25, No. 3Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Vol. 24, No. 2Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, Vol. 46, No. 4Does the Form or the Amount of Exposure Make a Difference in the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Treatment of Social Phobia?Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, Vol. 197, No. 7The Surprising History of Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder1 February 2009 | Theory & Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 1Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Vol. 23, No. 2Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Vol. 38, No. 9Psychological Medicine, Vol. 38, No. 1Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Vol. 31, No. 1Behavior Therapy, Vol. 38, No. 2Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature1 February 2006 | The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 51, No. 2Depression and Anxiety, Vol. 23, No. 4Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 41, No. 7Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, Vol. 9, No. 4CO2 challenge results in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation in healthy volunteers2 July 2016 | Journal of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 19, No. 3Psychological Treatments for Social Phobia1 May 2005 | The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 50, No. 6Are We Overpathologizing the Socially Anxious? Social Phobia from a Harmful Dysfunction Perspective1 May 2005 | The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 50, No. 6European Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 15, No. 6Psychiatry Research, Vol. 133, No. 2-3Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Vol. 27, No. 3The Burden of Social Phobia in a Brazilian Community and its Relationship with Socioeconomic Circumstances, Health Status and Use of Health Services: The Bambui Study27 July 2016 | International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 50, No. 3Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, Vol. 11, No. 1Clinical Psychology Review, Vol. 24, No. 4Clinical Psychology Review, Vol. 24, No. 7Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Vol. 18, No. 5Epidemiology and natural course of social fears and social phobia29 August 2003 | Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 108Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Vol. 26, No. 3CNS Spectrums, Vol. 8, No. S1Cognitive processes in music performance anxiety2 February 2011 | Australian Journal of Psychology, Vol. 54, No. 2Social phobia: overview of community surveys4 April 2002 | Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 105, No. 2Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Vol. 25, No. 4Risk of Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Use Disorders in Social Phobia: A Prospective AnalysisRosa M. Crum, M.D., M.H.S., and Laura A. Pratt, Ph.D.1 October 2001 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 158, No. 10Current Psychiatry Reports, Vol. 3, No. 4Medical Clinics of North America, Vol. 85, No. 3Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 25, No. 7-8Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 65, No. 2Psychiatry Research, Vol. 104, No. 3Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Vol. 24, No. 4Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Vol. 15, No. 3Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 110, No. 1Are social fears and DSM-IV social anxiety disorder associated with smoking and nicotine dependence in adolescents and young adults?16 April 2020 | European Psychiatry, Vol. 15, No. 1Trends in the prevalence of social phobia in the United States: a synthetic cohort analysis of changes over four decades16 April 2020 | European Psychiatry, Vol. 15, No. 1Social phobia in the community: relationship between diagnostic threshold and prevalence16 April 2020 | European Psychiatry, Vol. 15, No. 1Depression and Anxiety, Vol. 12, No. 4Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 60, No. 1Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 28, No. 2Applied and Preventive Psychology, Vol. 9, No. 3Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 62, No. 3Drugs, Vol. 59, No. 3PharmacoEconomics, Vol. 18, No. 1O tratamento farmacológico da fobia socialRevista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Vol. 21, No. 4Fluvoxamine Treatment of Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder): A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled StudyMurray B. Stein, M.D., Abby J. Fyer, M.D., Jonathan R.T. Davidson, M.D., Mark H. Pollack, M.D., and Brinda Wiita, Ph.D.1 May 1999 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 156, No. 5Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 38, No. 8Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 100, No. 3Social Phobia Subtypes in the National Comorbidity SurveyRonald C. Kessler, Ph.D., Murray B. Stein, M.D., and Patricia Berglund, M.B.A.1 May 1998 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 155, No. 5A Direct-Interview Family Study of Generalized Social PhobiaMurray B. Stein, M.D., Mariette J. Chartier, R.N., B.Sc., Andrea L. Hazen, Ph.D., Maria V. Kozak, M.A., Manuel E. Tancer, M.D., Sheila Lander, R.N., Patricia Furer, Ph.D., Donna Chubaty, Ph.D., and John R. Walker, Ph.D.1 January 1998 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 155, No. 1Social PhobiaJournal of Affective Disorders, Vol. 49, No. 1Psychiatry Research, Vol. 81, No. 3Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Vol. 12, No. 3CNS Spectrums, Vol. 3, No. 4Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, Vol. 19, No. 1Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 22, No. 5The American Journal on Addictions, Vol. 6, No. 2A Survival Guide to Paper Presentation5 November 2016 | British Journal of Occupational Therapy, Vol. 60, No. 1ECNP position paper on social phobia proceedings from an ECNP workshop in Jerusalem, October 1994European Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol. 6, No. 1Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol. 34, No. 3The Lancet, Vol. 347, No. 9009Clinical Psychology Review, Vol. 16, No. 8Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol. 16, No. 3Social Phobia: Prevalence and Clinical CharacteristicsPsychiatric Annals, Vol. 25, No. 9Lack of significant cortisol and growth hormone changes in Israeli civilians during the Gulf War1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 152, No. 4Drs. Weizman and Laor ReplyRONIT WEIZMAN, and NATHANIEL LAOR1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 152, No. 4Will Social Phobia Subjects Answer the Telephone?MICHAEL N. KESSLER1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 152, No. 4Dr. Stein and Colleagues ReplyMURRAY B. STEIN, JOHN R. WALKER, and DAVID R. FORDE1 April 2006 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 152, No. 4Will social phobia subjects answer the telephone?23 January 2015 | American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 152, No. 4Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 37, No. 4The Journal of Psychology, Vol. 129, No. 6Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 34, No. 7 Volume 151Issue 3 March 1994Pages 408-412 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 March 1994
Referência(s)