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Physical Principles of Nanoparticle Cellular Endocytosis

2015; American Chemical Society; Volume: 9; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1021/acsnano.5b03184

1936-086X

Sulin Zhang, Huajian Gao, Gang Bao,

Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior

This review article focuses on the physiochemical mechanisms underlying nanoparticle uptake into cells. When nanoparticles are in close vicinity to a cell, the interactions between the nanoparticles and the cell membrane generate forces from different origins. This leads to the membrane wrapping of the nanoparticles followed by cellular uptake. This article discusses how the kinetics, energetics, and forces are related to these interactions and dependent on the size, shape, and stiffness of nanoparticles, the biomechanical properties of the cell membrane, as well as the local environment of the cells. The discussed fundamental principles of the physiochemical causes for nanoparticle-cell interaction may guide new studies of nanoparticle endocytosis and lead to better strategies to design nanoparticle-based approaches for biomedical applications.