Futbol, metàfora d'una guerra freda. Un estudi antropològic del Barça
2005; Issue: 26 Linguagem: Inglês
ISSN
2014-6310
Autores Tópico(s)Sports, Gender, and Society
ResumoEl futbol, i concretament el F.C. Barcelona, ha estat un espai molt poc visitat per les ciencies socials. Amb l'objectiu de trencar aquesta incomunicacio sorgeix la idea de la tesi doctoral titulada: Futbol, metafora d'una guerra freda, on, des de l'antropologia social i cultural, s'ha intentat fer un retrat del Barca i una aproximacio academica d'aquest fenomen social que trenqui amb els reduccionismes, els topics i el menyspreu que des del mon universitari, sovint, s'ha dedicat al Barca i al mon de l'esport en general. Per que el Barca ocupa tant d'espai social a Catalunya? Quina societat es aquesta on multitud de gent dedica una part important del seu temps a seguir la trajectoria d'un club de futbol? A emocionar-se amb els seus gols, les seves victories o les seves derrotes? Per que s'articulen discursos nacionals en nom seu? Respondre i explicar correctament, amb rigor i de forma entenedora, aquestes i d'altres questions ha estat l'objectiu d'aquest estudi. Capitol rere capitol es van repassant i desxifrant tots els aspectes simbolics i rituals que l'entorn blaugrana genera. Comencant per una contextualitzacio historica del F.C. Barcelona i seguint per una analisi mitologica del club, la seva analisi com a simbol identitari i una lectura antropologica dels ritus que es generen al voltant de l'entitat blaugrana: partits de futbol, jornada de portes obertes, ofrena floral a en Rafael Casanova, els actes del centenari, la visita al Museu del Club, les celebracions de victoria, etc. La segona part de la tesi esta dedicada a la interpretacio dels ritus barcelonistes analitzant-los amb la mirada del que jo havia apres dels classics de l'antropologia: Douglas, Durkheim, Geertz, Leach, Gluckman, Levi-Strauss, Mauss, Radcliffe-Brown i Victor Turner, al qual vull fer una mencio especial, ja que aquesta tesi te un deute molt gran amb l'obra d'aquest autor. De fet, la seva teoria del simbol desenvolupada al seu llibre la selva dels simbols ha estat una eina d'interpretacio permanent al llarg de la tesi; aixi com la seva nocio de ritu com a drama social desenvolupada al seu llibre el proces ritual que ens permet llegir el futbol com una enorme posada en escena que una societat fa per veure's a si mateixa i per dramatitzar tant el que la uneix com els conflictes que la travessen. Seguint aquests ensenyaments, la tesi posa en evidencia que els estadis de futbol son un espai privilegiat per llegir els valors d'una societat, les seves tensions, la seva transformacio, allo que ens uneix i allo que ens separa... En definitiva, que l'estudi del futbol es tambe un viatge al moll de l'os de la societat catalana i una bona eina de diagnosi dels conflictes que la travessen, tambe els latents o potencials. La tesi acaba amb un epileg obert en que s'analitzen les relacions dels rituals esportius i, concretament, els generats pel Barca, amb els ritus religiosos. Al final s'arriba a la conclusio que aquestes relacions van mes enlla de la simple analogia per esdevenir una mena de religio etniconacional. RESUM DE LA TESI EN LLENGUA ANGLESA Title of the doctoral thesis: Football, metaphor of a cold war. An anthropological study of Barca Football, and most precisely FC Barcelona (FCB), has been very much neglected by the social sciences. With the aim of breaking away from this isolation emerges the idea of the doctoral thesis titled: Football, metaphor of a cold war. An anthropological study of Barca, where, from the social and cultural anthropology, it has been tried to draw a portrait of Barca, as well as an academic approximation to this social phenomenon which breaks up with reductionisms, cliches, and the contempt shown by the university world to Barca and the world of sports in general. Why does Barca take up so much social space in Catalonia? What kind of society is this where thousands of people devote an important part of their time to follow the career of a football club? Where they get excited with their goals, their victories or defeats? Why are national speeches formulated in their name? To answer and explain correctly, with rigor and in an understandable way these and other questions has been the aim of this research. Chapter by chapter all the symbolic aspects and rituals that the bluereds environment generates are being revised and deciphered. Beginning with a historical contextualisation of the FCB and following with a mythological analysis of the club; their analysis as an identity symbol, and an anthropological reading of the rites that are generated around the blaugrana sporting body (football matches, open doors days, floral offering to Rafael Casanova, the centennial ceremonies, the visit to the Museum of the club, the victory celebrations, etc. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the interpretation of the bluereds rites analysing them with that gaze learnt from the classics of anthropology: Douglas, Durkheim, Geertz, Leach, Gluckman, Levi-Strauss, Mauss, Radcliffe-Brown, and Victor Turner whom Id like to make a special mention, since this thesis is in big debt with this authors work. In fact, his theory of the symbol developed in his book the Forest of the symbols has been a tool of permanent interpretation along the thesis; as well as his notion of rites as a social drama developed in his book The ritual process that allows us to read the football like an enormous setting in scene done by a society in order to see itself and to dramatize what unites it as well as the conflicts it goes through. Following these teachings, the thesis shows that football stadiums are a privileged space to read the values of a society, their tensions, their transformation, the things that unite people and the things that divide them... in short, the study of football is also a trip to the marrow of the Catalan society and a good diagnosis tool of the conflicts that it goes through, the latent or potential ones. The thesis ends up with an opened epilogue where the relationships of the sport rituals, specially those generated by Barca, are analysed with the religious rites. At the end we come to the conclusion that these relationships go beyond the simple analogy to become a sort of ethnic-national religion
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