Diagnosis of Isolated Noncompaction of the Myocardium by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2002; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Volume: 105; Issue: 21 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1161/01.cir.0000016603.37479.e2
ISSN1524-4539
AutoresLuis Jesús Jiménez‐Borreguero, Roberto Corti, R Soria, Julio Osende, Valentı́n Fuster, Juan J. Badimón,
Tópico(s)Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
ResumoHomeCirculationVol. 105, No. 21Diagnosis of Isolated Noncompaction of the Myocardium by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Free AccessReview ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissionsDownload Articles + Supplements ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toSupplemental MaterialFree AccessReview ArticlePDF/EPUBDiagnosis of Isolated Noncompaction of the Myocardium by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Luis J.J. Borreguero, Roberto Corti, Rafael F. de Soria, Julio I. Osende, Valentin Fuster and Juan J. Badimon Luis J.J. BorregueroLuis J.J. Borreguero From Hospital Principe de Asturias (L.J.J.B., R.F.d.S.), Alcala de Henares and Clinica Ruber, Madrid, Spain; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Laboratory (R.C., J.I.O., J.J.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. , Roberto CortiRoberto Corti From Hospital Principe de Asturias (L.J.J.B., R.F.d.S.), Alcala de Henares and Clinica Ruber, Madrid, Spain; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Laboratory (R.C., J.I.O., J.J.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. , Rafael F. de SoriaRafael F. de Soria From Hospital Principe de Asturias (L.J.J.B., R.F.d.S.), Alcala de Henares and Clinica Ruber, Madrid, Spain; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Laboratory (R.C., J.I.O., J.J.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. , Julio I. OsendeJulio I. Osende From Hospital Principe de Asturias (L.J.J.B., R.F.d.S.), Alcala de Henares and Clinica Ruber, Madrid, Spain; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Laboratory (R.C., J.I.O., J.J.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. , Valentin FusterValentin Fuster From Hospital Principe de Asturias (L.J.J.B., R.F.d.S.), Alcala de Henares and Clinica Ruber, Madrid, Spain; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Laboratory (R.C., J.I.O., J.J.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. and Juan J. BadimonJuan J. Badimon From Hospital Principe de Asturias (L.J.J.B., R.F.d.S.), Alcala de Henares and Clinica Ruber, Madrid, Spain; and Cardiovascular Biology Research Laboratory (R.C., J.I.O., J.J.B.), Cardiovascular Institute (V.F.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. Originally published11 Jun 2002https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000016603.37479.E2Circulation. 2002;105:e177–e178A 15-year-old asymptomatic, physically active man, who had a history of syncope at the age of 12 and a family history of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (father), presented for evaluation. Physical examination revealed no abnormal findings. The ECG demonstrated sinus rhythm, −20° QRS, incomplete right bundle-branch block, and left ventricular hypertrophy; the 24-hour Holter monitoring excluded ventricular arrhythmias. Normal exercise capacity (15 metabolic equivalent) without arrhythmias was confirmed by treadmill exercise testing. The echocardiogram showed apical hypertrophy of the left ventricle and an interatrial pseudo-aneurysm without shunt (Figure 1). To rule out right ventricular dysplasia, an ECG-gated cardiac MRI was performed. Surprisingly, the "black-blood" cardiac MRI examination demonstrated thickened apical segments of the myocardium and areas suspicious for deep intertrabecular recesses that were not observed at echocardiography (Figure 2). The diagnosis of isolated left ventricular noncompaction was confirmed through the use of a high-resolution cine gradient echo sequence that is particularly sen- sitive to slow flow (Figure 3). The presence of deep recesses filled with blood and trabeculations of the myocardium were evident during diastole, whereas during systole, the recesses collapsed and the myocardium appeared compacted. The right ventricle was normal. Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 1. Two-dimensional echocardiography in a 4-chamber view. A, Systole; B, diastole.Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 2. MR double inversion recovery images in diastole in 4-chamber (A), 2-chamber (B), and left ventricular (LV) short-axis (C) views. Arrows indicate thickened noncompacted myocardial wall.Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure 3. MR gradient echo images are very sensitive to slow flow. The presence of deep apical recesses filled with blood that communicate with the ventricle (bright areas within the myocardium) is diagnostic of noncompacted myocardium (arrow). A and B, 4-chamber view; C and D, 2-chamber view; and E and F, short-axis view. In contrast to diastolic images (B, D, and F), systolic images (A, C, and E) do not show flowing blood within the myocardial wall because the trabeculations are very close to each other, and recesses are collapsed. A also demonstrates the interatrial pseudo-aneurysm without shunt.Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy characterized by an altered structure of the myocardial wall resulting from intrauterine arrest in normal endomyocardial embryogenesis and compaction of the myocardial fibers in absence of any coexisting congenital lesions. The morpho-pathological findings consist of multiple, prominent myocardial trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses communicating with the left ventricular cavity. The clinical manifestations are not specific for this cardiomyopathy and include heart failure, tachyarrhythmias (which predispose to sudden death), and cardioembolic events.This case provides evidence of the potential of cardiac MR imaging in the evaluation of the right ventricle and of cardiac anomalies such as noncompaction.*Drs Borreguero and Corti contributed equally to the paper.Movies I, II, and III are available in an online-only Data Supplement at http://www.circulationaha.org.The editor of Images in Cardiovascular Medicine is Hugh A. McAllister, Jr, MD, Chief, Department of Pathology, St Luke's Episcopal Hospital and Texas Heart Institute, and Clinical Professor of Pathology, University of Texas Medical School and Baylor College of Medicine.Circulation encourages readers to submit cardiovascular images to the Circulation Editorial Office, St Luke's Episcopal Hospital/Texas Heart Institute, 6720 Bertner Ave, MC1-267, Houston, TX 77030.FootnotesCorrespondence to Juan Jose Badimon, PhD, Director, Cardiovascular Biology Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029-6574. 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