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Seguridad, Salud y Percepción de Factores Personales y Organizacionales en la Industria Manufacturera

2010; Volume: 12; Issue: 38 Linguagem: Inglês

0718-2449

José Guadalupe Salazar Estrada, Carolina Aranda Beltrán, Manuel Pando Moreno, Gabriel Gómez Azpeitia, Raquel González Baltazar,

Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces

espanolEl estudio tiene como objetivo examinar situaciones laborales de los trabajadores en la industria manufacturera, identificando los factores de seguridad, riesgo de la organizacion y la percepcion que tienen los mismos trabajadores con respecto a su relacion laboral y los factores organizacionales. Se realizo un estudio transversal, descriptivo, aplicando un cuestionario a 24 industrias de la pequena, mediana y grande, y un segundo cuestionario a una muestra de 392 trabajadores que tuvieran por lo menos seis meses de antiguedad laboral, distribuidos en las mismas 24 industrias. Solo el 25% de las industrias pequenas cuenta con personal de salud, el 8,3% tiene comite de seguridad e higiene y el 8,3% cuenta con medidas de control administrativas; maximo un 25% utiliza equipo de proteccion, en contraste con el 100% de las industrias grandes. La percepcion del riesgo varia segun el peligro hasta en un 93% y segun el genero. La desmotivacion, mas que la insatisfaccion, es el factor personal que presento una mayor asociacion significativa con los factores organizacionales. Podemos concluir que los principales problemas de salud y seguridad ocupacional estan en la industria clasificada como pequena y mediana. Se requiere que la industria incluya programas de calidad de vida laboral, salud y seguridad EnglishThe aim of this study is to examine working conditions of manufacturing industry workers in order to identify factors such as safety, organizational risk and workers' perception of their employment relationship, and organizational matters. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by two questionnaires. First questionnaire was circulated to 24 small, medium and large sized industries, and the second one was filled out by a sample of 329 workers having at least six months of seniority and pertaining to these 24 industries. Only 25% of the small industries was identified to have health personnel for their employees. 8,3% has a committee on health and safety at work and other 8,3% has administrative controls. No more than 25% uses protective equipment in comparison with the 100% of large-sized industries. Risk perception varies according to hazard up to 93% and according to gender. The lack of motivation, more than dissatisfaction, is the personal factor that showed a higher significant association with organizational factors. We can conclude that the main problems related to occupational safety and health are present in the small and medium sized industries. Implementation of health, safety and worklife programs is necessary.