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Quinoxalinediones as Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists in The Vertebrate Central Nervous System

1990; Elsevier BV; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60586-3

2162-5514

Stephen N. Davies, Graham L. Collingridge,

Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection

Publisher Summary Excitatory amino-acid receptors (EAARs) are the prime mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). These receptors are currently classified into five subtypes: N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA), kainate, L -2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoate ( L -AP4 or L -APB), and (glutamate) metabotropic. The AMPA receptor is also known as the “quisqualate receptor”; however, quisqualate is not specific for this receptor and so AMPA is now the preferred name. AMPA and kainate receptors have sometimes been referred to collectively as “non-NMDA receptors.” Of these, the most intensively studied has been the NMDA receptor. This chapter reviews the work that evaluates quinoxalinediones as pharmacological tools and discusses some of the advances that have been made using these compounds. The chapter focuses on the two drugs that have mainly been used so far: 6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX, formerly FG 9041) and 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, formerly FG 9065).