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Teaching & Learning Guide for: Buddhism and Thai Art

2010; Wiley; Volume: 4; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00228.x

1749-8171

M.L. Pattaratorn Chirapravati,

Southeast Asian Sociopolitical Studies

This guide accompanies the following article(s): Chirapravati, P, Buddhism and Thai Art, Religion Compass 3/4 (2009): pp. 566–579, 10.1111/j. 1749-8171.2009.00148.x Author’s Introduction This guide is written for both Thai Buddhist art history and Buddhist studies classes. The focus of Thai art history in the past had mainly been on stylistic analysis, connoisseurship, and iconography. Currently, art historians incorporate and collaborate more with other fields such as anthropology, architecture, and religious studies. Thus, the study of rituals, spaces, and texts are essential for the understanding of Buddhist art in Thai cultural and ritualistic contexts. Online Materials 1. http://tdm.sas.upenn.edu The Thai Digital Monastery (TDM) website provides important information for the area of Thai studies. The site was developed by Justin McDaniel, who is currently a religious studies professor at the University of Pennsylvania. It includes materials on art history, architecture, anthropology, Buddhism, history, and literature. The site also provides useful web links and is very user friendly. The section on art and architecture provides the viewer with three-dimensional virtual environments of several important temples and mural paintings in Thailand such as Wat Ratchaorot in Thonburi, Wat Prathum Wararam, and Wat Rakhang Ghositaram. 2. http://dlxs.library.cornell.edu/s/sea/ This website hosts a very useful Collection of Historic Travel Narratives that were written by foreigners who travelled to Southeast Asian from the 17th century. Art history and Buddhism of Thailand can be searched under Siam. 3. http://67.52.109.59/code/emuseum.asp The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco posts images and information about many pieces in their collection online. Thai Buddhist art can be searched under Thai art, Thai Buddha images, Thai paintings, and Thai Furniture (e.g. sutra cabinets). Sample Syllabus The following syllabus can be adopted for both general-level courses of Thai Art and advanced undergraduate and graduate seminar courses. The majority of Thai art from the 5th to 18th century was made for religious purposes, mainly Buddhist or Hindu. Thus, it is vital for students to study religious texts to be able to identify the themes and deities important for each cultural period. It is also important to understand the change of administrative power in Thai history; thus the second part of the syllabus includes historical sources. The syllabus is categorized according to region and art historical chronology: Dvaravati period (Central region; 5th–10th century), Srivijaya period (Peninsular region; 5th–10th century), Lopburi period (the period of Khmer domination; 11th–12th century), Sukhothai period (Thai domination in the Central region; 13th–14th century), Lanna period (also known as Chiangsan period or Thai domination in Northern region; 13th–18th century), Ayutthaya period (Thai domination; 14th–18th century), and Bangkok period (late 18th to present). Part One: Art History Survey of Thai Art (5th–20th Century) Boisselier, J, 1974, La Sculpture en Thailand. Office du Livre, Fribourg, Switzerland. Boisselier, J, 1975, La Peinture en Thailand. Office du Livre, Fribourg, Switzerland. In: RL Brown (ed.), Art from Thailand, pp. 49–64. Marg, Mumbai, India. Brown, RL, (ed.), 1999, Art from Thailand. Marg, Mumbai, India. Chirapravati, Pattaratorn ML, 1994, The Cult of Votive Tablets in Thailand (seventh to thirteenth centuries). PhD dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Chirapravati, Pattaratorn ML, 1997, Votive Tablets in Thailand: Origin, Styles, and Uses. Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Chirapravati, Pattaratorn ML, 1999, ‘Buddhist Votive Tablets and Amulets from Thailand’, In: RL Brown (ed.), Art from Thailand, pp. 49–64. Marg, Mumbai, India. Coedès, G, 1926, ‘Siamese Votive Tablets’, Journal of Siam Society, vol. 20, pt. I. Reprinted by Coedès, G, 1954, ‘Selected articles’, Siam Society Journal, vol. 1, pp. 150–87. Coedès, G, 1928, ‘Les collections archéologiques du Musée National de Bangkok’, Ars Asiatica, no. 12. G. van Oest, Paris, France; and Brussels, Belgium. Damrong Rajanubhab, P, 1973, Monuments of the Buddha in Siam. Trans. Sulak Sivaraksa and AB Griswold. Siam Society, Bangkok, Thailand. Diskul, Subhadradis MC, 1971, Art in Thailand: A Brief History, 2nd rev. edn. Faculty of Archaeology, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Ginsburg, H, 1989, Thai Manuscript Painting. British Library, London, UK. Ginsburg, H, 2000, Thai Art and Culture: Historic Manuscripts from Western. Collections. British Library, London, UK; University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI; and Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Griswold, A.B. (1960) History of Art and Architecture in Siam, In the Arts of Thailand, ed. Theodore Bowie, 25-165. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University. Ginsburg, H, Thai Painting in the Walters Art Museum, The Journal of the Walters Art Museum. A Curator’s Choice: Essays in Honor of Hiram W. Woodward, Jr. vol. 64/65, pp. 99-148. Gosling, B, 2006, The Origins of Thai Art. River Books, Bangkok, Thailand. Griswold, AB, 1960, ‘History of Art and Architecture in Siam’, In: T Bowie (ed.), The Arts of Thailand, pp. 25–165. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. Krairiksh, Piriya, 1979, Das heilige Bildnis: Skulpturen aus Thailand/The Sacred Image: Sculptures from Thailand. Cologne: Museen fur Ostasiatische Kunst, Museen der Stadt Koln. Krairiksh, Piriya, 1990, Prawatsat sinlapa lae borankhadi nai prathet thai [History of Art and Archeology in Thailand.] Bangkok: Amarin Printing. Skilling, Peter, 2008, Buddhist Sealings in Thailand and Southeast Asia: Iconography, Function, and Ritual Context, Interpreting Southeast Asia’s Past, pp. 248–262. National University of Singapore Press, Singapore. Le May, R, 1938, Buddhist Art in South-East Asia: The Indian Influence on the Art of Thailand. Reprinted by Aryan Books International, 2004. Woodward, HW, Jr, 1991, Asian Art in the Walters Art Gallery: A Selection. The Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, MD. Woodward, HW, Jr, 1997, The Sacred Sculpture of Thailand: The Alexander B. Griswold Collection, The Walters Art Gallery. With contributions by Donna K. Strahan, Terry Drayman-Weisser, Julie A. Lauffenburger, Chandra L. Reedy, and Richard Newman. Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, MD; River Books, Bangkok, Thailand. Woodward, HW, Jr, 2003, The Art and Architecture of Thailand from Prehistoric Times through the Thirteenth Century. Handbook of Oriental Studies, sec. 3, vol. 14. E.J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. Dvaravati Period Brown, RL, 1996, The Dvaravati Wheels of the Law and the Indianization of South East Asia. E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. Krairiksh, P, 1974, Buddhist Folk Tales Depicted at Chula Praton Cedi. Bangkok (Based on Krairiksh, Piriya, 1975, The Chula Pathon Cedi: Architecture and Sculpture of Dvaravati. PhD dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.) Peninsular Region (Srivijaya) Chirapravati, Pattaratorn ML, 2000, ‘Development of Buddhist Traditions in Peninsular Thailand: Studies of Votive Tablets (Eighth to Thirteenth Centuries)’, in N Taylor (ed.), Festschrift in Honor of the Seventieth Birthday of Stanley O’Connor, pp. 172–193. Southeast Asia Program Publication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Diskul, Subhadradis, MC, (ed.), 1980, The Art of Srivijaya. Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and UNESCO, Paris, France. Krairiksh, Piriya, 1980, Art in Peninsular Thailand Prior to the Fourteenth Century A.D. Bangkok: The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. O’Connor, SJ, Jr, 1972, Hindu Gods of Peninsular Siam. Artibus Asiae (Supplementum 28). Ascona, Switzerland. O’Connor, SJ, Jr, 1974, ‘Buddhist Votive Tablets and Caves in Peninsular Thailand’, Sinlapa lae borankhadi nai Prathet Thai [Art and Archaeology in Thailand] Bangkok, Thailand: Division of Literature, The Fine Arts Department, pp. 67–84. Khmer Region (Lopburi Period) Aymonier, E, 1901, Khmer Heritage in Thailand (reprinted 1999). White Lotus, Bangkok, Thailand. Ly, Boreth, Protecting the Protector of Phimai, The Journal of the Walters Art Museum. A Curator’s Choice: Essays in Honor of Hiram W. Woodward, Jr. vol. 64/65, pp. 35–48. Woodward, HW, Jr, 1975, Studies in the Art of Central Siam, 950–1350 A.D., 3 vols. PhD dissertation, Yale University, New Havne, CT. Woodward, HW, Jr, The Buddha’s Radiance, Journal of the Siam Society 61, pt. I (January 1973): pp. 187–91. Sukhothai Period Brown, RL, 1990, ‘God on Earth: The Walking Buddha in the Art of South and Southeast Asia’, Artibus Asiae, vol. 50, no. 1/2, pp. 73–107. Brown, RL, 1997a, ‘Narrative as Icon: The Jataka Stories in Ancient Indian and Southeast Asian Architecture’, In: J Schober (ed.), Sacred Biography in the Buddhist Traditions of South and Southeast Asia, pp. 87–92. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI. Chirapravati, Pattaratorn ML, 2005, ‘Wat Ratchaburana: Deposits of History, Art, and Culture of the Early Ayutthaya Period’, In: F McGill (ed.), Kingdom of Siam: Art from Central Thailand (1350–1800 C.E.), pp. 81–94. Snoeck Publishers, Ghent, Belgium; Buppha Press, Bangkok, Thailand; Art Media Resources Inc., Chicago, IL; and The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, CA. Coedès, G, 1955, ‘L’art siamois de l’épogue de Sukhodaya (13e-14e siécles): Circonstances de son éclosion’, Art Asiatiques, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 281–302. Diskul, Subhadradis MC, 1979, Silapa sukhothai/Sukhothai Art/L’Art de Sukhothai. Cultural Committee of the Thailand National Commission for UNESCO, Bangkok, Thailand. Diskul, Subhadradis MC, 1990, Hindu Gods at Sukhothai. Bangkok: White Lotus. Fournereau, L, 1895, Le Siam Ancien: Archeologie-Epigraphie_Geographie. Premiere partie. Ernest Leroux, Editeur (Annales du Musee Guimet, tome 27), Paris, France. Griswold, AB, 1967, Towards a History of Sukhodaya Art. Bangkok: Fine Arts Department of Thailand, 2nd edition 1968. Gosling, B, 1981, ‘Once More, Inscription 2: An Art Historian’s View’, Journal of Siam Society vol. 69, no. 1–2, pp. 13–42. Gosling, B, 1983, The History of Sukhothai as a Ceremonial Center: A Study of Early Siamese Architecture and Society. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Gosling, B, 1984, ‘Why Were the jatakas“Hidden Away” at Wat Sri Chum?’Journal of Siam Society vol. 72, no. 1–2, pp. 14–18. Gosling, B, 1986, ‘Reply to Michael Wright’s Note on Betty Gosling’s Why were the Jatakas‘Hidden Away’ at Wat Si Chum? Journal of Siam Society vol. 74, pp. 199–206. Gosling, B, 1991, Sukhothai: Its History, Culture, and Art. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Gosling, B, 1996, A Chronology of Religious Architecture at Sukhothai (Late Thirteenth to Early Fifteenth Century). Silkworm Books, Chaing Mai, Thailand. Gosling, B, 1998, ‘Comments on Christian Bauer’s “The Wat Sri Chum Jataka Glosses Reconsidered”Journal of Siam Society, vol. 86, no. 1–2, pp. 239–240. Gosling, B, 1998, ‘On Michael Vickery’s From Lamphun to Inscription No. 2, Journal of Siam Society, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 5–7. Griswold, AB, 1967, Towards a History of Sukhodaya Art. Fine Arts Department of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand (2nd edition 1968). Rooney, D, 2007, Ancient Sukhothai: Thailand’s Cultural Heritage. River Books, Bangkok, Thailand. Lanna Thai (Northern Kingdoms) period. Griswold, AB, 1957, Dated Buddha Images of Northern Siam, Artibus Asiae (Supplementum 16). Ascona, Switzerland (2nd printing 1959). Krairiksh, Piriya, 2002, Sinlapa sukhothai lae Ayutthaya: phap laksana thi tong plian plaeng [Towards a revised History of Sukhothai and Ayutthaya Art: A Reaccessessment]. Amarin Printing, Bangkok, Thailand. Listopad, John, 1999, Early Thai Sculpture Reappraised: Thirteenth–Sixteenth century. In: Robert L. Brown (ed.), Art from Thailand, pp. 49–64. Mumbai: Marg. Stratton, C & McNair Scott, M, 1981, The Art of Sukhothai: Thailand’s Golden Age: From the Mid-Thirteenth to the Mid-Fifteenth Centuries. Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ayutthaya Period Chirapravati, Pattaratorn ML, 2005, Wat Ratchaburana: Deposits of History, Art, and Culture of the Early Ayutthaya Period, in the Kingdom of Siam: Art from Central Thailand (1350-1 Chirapravati, Pattaratorn ML, 2005, ‘Wat Ratchaburana: Deposits of History, Art, and Culture of the Early Ayutthaya Period’, In: F McGill (ed.), Kingdom of Siam: Art from Central Thailand (1350–1800 C.E.), pp. 80–93. Snoeck Publishers, Ghent, Belgium; 1 Buppha Press, Bangkok, Thailand; Art Media Resources Inc., Chicago, IL; and The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, CA. Coedès, G, 1922, ‘Note sur une statue de princess Siamoise de l’époque d’Ayudhya’, Journal of the Siam Society, vol. 16, no. I, pp. 36–38. Krairiksh, Piriya, 1997/8, A Reassessment of Thai Art of the Ayutthaya Period. Oriental Art 53, no. 4 (winter): 14–22. Krairiksh, Piriya, 2002, Sinlapa sukhothai lae Ayutthaya: phap laksana thi tong plian plaeng [Towards a revised History of Sukhothai and Ayutthaya Art: A Reaccessessment]. Amarin Printing, Bangkok, Thailand. Leksukhum, S, 1979, Wiwatthanakan khong chan pradap luat lai lae luat lai samai Ayutthaya ton ton [The Evolution of Stucco Decorative Motifs of Early Ayudhya Period]. Bangkok, Thailand. Leksukhum, S, 1986, Chedi phoem mum chedi yo mum samai Ayutthaya [The Redented Addedangled Chedis and the Rabbeted-angled Chedis of the Ayutthaya Period]. Bangkok, Thailand. Listopad, J, 1999, ‘Early Thai Sculpture Reappraised: Thirteenth–Sixteenth century’, In: RL Brown (ed.), Art from Thailand, pp. 49–64. Marg, Mumbai, India. Listopad, JA, 1995, The Art and Architecture of the Reign of Somdet Phra Narai. 2 vols. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI. McGill, F, 1993, ‘Jatakas, Universal Monarchs, and the year 2000’, Artibus Asiae, vol. 53, pp. 412–448. McGill, F, 1997, Painting the “Great Life”, In: J Schober (ed.), Sacred Biography in the Buddhist Traditions of South and Southeast Asia, pp. 195–217. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI. McGill, F, 2005, The Kingdom of Siam: The Art of Central Thailand, 1350–1800. Snoeck Publishers, Ghent, Belgium; Buppha Press, Bangkok, Thailand; Art Media Resources Inc., Chicago, IL; and The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. McGill, F, 2009, Emerald Cities: Arts of Siam and Burma, 1775–1950, Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. Woodward, HW, Jr, 1970, The Art and Architecture of Ayudhya Period, Silpakam samai’Ayutthaya, 61–66, Fine Arts Department, Bangkok (Thailand). Woodward, HW, Jr, 1985, Monastery, Palace, and City Plans: Ayutthaya and Bangkok. Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2, no. 2: 23–60. Bangkok Period Chirapravati, Pattaratorn ML, 2009, Living the Siamese Life: Culture, Religion, and Art, Emerald Cities: Arts of Siam and Burma, 1775–1950. ed. Forrest McGill. San Francisco: The Asian Art Museum of San Francisco. Lefferts, Leedom, 2006–7, The Bun Phra Wet Painted Scrolls of Northeastern Thailand, The Journal of the Walters Art Museum. A Curator’s Choice: Essays in Honor of Hiram W. Woodward, Jr. vol. 64/65, pp. 149–170. Skilling, Peter, 2006, Pata (Phra Bot): Buddhist Cloth Painting of Thailand, Buddhist Legacy in Mainland Southeast Asia: Mentalities, Interpretations and Pratices. Eds. Francoise Lagirarde and Paritta Chalermpow Koanantakool. Ecole Française d’Extrême-Orient, Paris, France and Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Center, Bangkok, Thailand. Part Two: Thai History Coedès, G, 1968, The Making of South East Asia. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Coedès, G, 1990, The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. Ed. by Walter F. Vella and trans. by Sue Brown Crowning. University of Hawai’i Press, Honolulu. Na Nagara, P & Griswold, AB, 1992, Epigraphic and Historical Studies. The Historical Society Under the Royal Patronage of HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, Bangkok, Thailand. Satow, E, 2000, A Diplomat in Siam. Orchid Press, Bangkok, Thailand. Wyatt, David K, Thailand: A Short History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.