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Aged Red Garlic Extract Suppresses Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated RAW 264.7 Macrophages Through Inhibition of NF- κ B

2015; Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Volume: 18; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1089/jmf.2014.3214

1557-7600

Ji Hyeon Ryu, Hyejin Park, Yi‐Yeong Jeong, Sunkyu Han, Jung‐Hye Shin, Soo Jung Lee, Min Jung Kang, Nak‐Ju Sung, Dawon Kang,

Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a transcription factor that is involved in inflammatory response. The pathways that activate NF-κB can be modulated by phytochemicals derived from garlic. We recently demonstrated that aged red garlic extract (ARGE), a new formulation of garlic, decreases nitric oxide (NO) generation by upregulating of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in RAW 264.7 cells activated by LPS. However, the effects of ARGE on LPS-induced NF-κB activation are unknown. This study was performed to evaluate whether ARGE regulates LPS-induced NO production by modulation of NF-κB activation in macrophages. The inhibition of NF-κB by Bay 11-7085, an inhibitor of NF-κB, decreased LPS-induced NO production. ARGE treatment markedly reduced LPS-induced NO production and NF-κB nuclear translocation. ARGE downregulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and upregulated expression of HO-1, a cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory protein. However, Bay 11-7085 only reduced iNOS expression. The NO production and iNOS expressions upregulated by suppression of HO-1 were suppressed by treatment with ARGE and Bay 11-7085. These results show that ARGE reduces LPS-induced NO production in macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation and HO-1 activation. Compared to Bay 11-7085, ARGE may enhance anti-inflammatory effects by controlling other anti-inflammatory signals as well as regulation of NF-κB.