Spatial variation of erosion in a small, glaciated basin in the Teton Range, Wyoming, based on detrital apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology
2011; Wiley; Volume: 23; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00502.x
ISSN1365-2117
AutoresLisa M. Tranel, James A. Spotila, Michał Kowalewski, Claire M. Waller,
Tópico(s)Cryospheric studies and observations
ResumoBasin ResearchVolume 23, Issue 5 p. 571-590 Spatial variation of erosion in a small, glaciated basin in the Teton Range, Wyoming, based on detrital apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology Lisa M. Tranel, Lisa M. Tranel Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 1Current address: Department of Geography-Geology, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4400, Normal, IL 61790-4400, USASearch for more papers by this authorJames A. Spotila, James A. Spotila Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VASearch for more papers by this authorMichal J. Kowalewski, Michal J. Kowalewski Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VASearch for more papers by this authorClaire M. Waller, Claire M. Waller Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CASearch for more papers by this author Lisa M. Tranel, Lisa M. Tranel Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 1Current address: Department of Geography-Geology, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4400, Normal, IL 61790-4400, USASearch for more papers by this authorJames A. Spotila, James A. Spotila Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VASearch for more papers by this authorMichal J. Kowalewski, Michal J. Kowalewski Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VASearch for more papers by this authorClaire M. Waller, Claire M. Waller Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CASearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 February 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2011.00502.xCitations: 34 Lisa M. Tranel, Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, 4044 Derring Hall (0420), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat ABSTRACT Evolution of mountain landscapes is controlled by dynamic interactions between erosional processes that vary in efficiency over altitudinal domains. Evaluation of spatial and temporal variations of individual erosion processes can augment our understanding of factors controlling relief and geomorphic development of alpine settings. This study tests the application of detrital apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology (AHe) to evaluate variable erosion in small, geologically complex catchments. Detrital grains from glacial and fluvial sediment in a single basin were dated and compared with a bedrock derived age-elevation relationship to estimate spatial variation in erosion over different climate conditions in the Teton Range, Wyoming. Controls and pitfalls related to apatite quality and yield were fully evaluated to assess this technique. Probability density functions comparing detrital age distributions identify variations in erosional patterns between glacial and fluvial systems and provide insight into how glacial, fluvial, and hillslope processes interact. Similar age distributions representing erosion patterns during glacial and interglacial times suggest the basin may be approaching steady-state. This also implies that glaciers are limited and no longer act as buzzsaws or produce relief. However, subtle differences in erosional efficiency do exist. The high frequency of apatite cooling ages from high altitudes represents either rapid denudation of peaks and ridges by mass wasting or an artifact of sample quality. A gap in detrital ages near the mean age, or mid-altitude, indicates the fluvial system is presently transport limited by overwhelming talus deposits. This study confirms that sediment sources can be traced in small basins with detrital AHe dating. It also demonstrates that careful consideration of mineral yield and quality is required, and uniform erosion assumptions needed to extract basin thermal history from detrital ages are not always valid. Supporting Information Fig. S1. Photos of detrital sample locations. (a) Sample TTS-1 was collected from a quickly flowing section of the Garnet Canyon stream, near the bank where sediments were able to settle (Fig. 5a). (b) Sample TTS-3 was collected on the innermost moraine ridge north of Bradley Lake after removal of the upper ~5 cm of material and vegetation debris from the surface (Fig. 5a). Observations of 100 clasts from this moraine showed that the vast majority (99%) was derived from the typical igneous and metamorphic rocks found in Garnet Canyon, and thus were not mixed with sediment pushed by large valley glaciers along the floor of Jackson Hole. Fig. S2. Sampling distributions of Kuiper asymptotic statistic [Ka] estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. Each distribution is based on a separate simulation consisting of 1000 replicate samples drawn randomly from the probability function given by the PDF estimated with hypsometry and age-elevation relationship. Arrows indicate the value of Ka statistic for the actual sample. (a) A simulation for the fluvial dataset (sample size n=77) for 10% uncertainty; (b) A simulation for the glacial dataset (sample size n=60) for 10% uncertainty; (c) A simulation for the fluvial dataset (sample size n=77) for 20% uncertainty; (d) A simulation for the glacial dataset (sample size n=60) for 20% uncertainty. See Supplementary text and Table S3 for additional information. Fig. S3. PDF calculated with 20% uncertainty for ages predicted with the age-elevation relationship excluding sample TT-1 (Equation: y=18.314×+2396). The maximum predicted age is 98 Ma. The glacial distribution has fewer significant old ages, but the fluvial system still produces an abundance of old ages. Ages as old as 100 Ma are unexpected, however, based on apatite fission track studies in the area (Roberts & Burbank, 1993). Table S1. AHe data for detrital grains. Table S2. Kuiper statistic results. Table S3. Statistical estimates of observed differences in shapes of age distributions derived using Monte Carlo simulations. The difference in shape of distributions measured using Kuiper asymptotic [Ka] statistic. See Monte Carlo methods for detailed explanation of the resampling protocol. Four separate 1000-iteration simulations are reported below. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. 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