Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Unroofing the core of the central Andean fold-thrust belt during focused late Miocene exhumation: evidence from the Tipuani-Mapiri wedge-top basin, Bolivia

2010; Wiley; Volume: 23; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1365-2117.2010.00491.x

1365-2117

J.G. Mosolf, Brian K. Horton, Matthew T. Heizler, Ramiro Matos,

earthquake and tectonic studies

Basin ResearchVolume 23, Issue 3 p. 346-360 Unroofing the core of the central Andean fold-thrust belt during focused late Miocene exhumation: evidence from the Tipuani-Mapiri wedge-top basin, Bolivia Jesse G. Mosolf, Jesse G. Mosolf Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorBrian K. Horton, Brian K. Horton Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USASearch for more papers by this authorMatthew T. Heizler, Matthew T. Heizler New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM, USASearch for more papers by this authorRamiro Matos, Ramiro Matos Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, BoliviaSearch for more papers by this author Jesse G. Mosolf, Jesse G. Mosolf Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USASearch for more papers by this authorBrian K. Horton, Brian K. Horton Institute for Geophysics and Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USASearch for more papers by this authorMatthew T. Heizler, Matthew T. Heizler New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM, USASearch for more papers by this authorRamiro Matos, Ramiro Matos Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, BoliviaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 October 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2010.00491.xCitations: 17 Jesse G. Mosolf, Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9630, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat ABSTRACT As the highest part of the central Andean fold-thrust belt, the Eastern Cordillera defines an orographic barrier dividing the Altiplano hinterland from the South American foreland. Although the Eastern Cordillera influences the climatic and geomorphic evolution of the central Andes, the interplay among tectonics, climate and erosion remains unclear. We investigate these relationships through analyses of the depositional systems, sediment provenance and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the upper Miocene Cangalli Formation exposed in the Tipuani-Mapiri basin (15–16°S) along the boundary of the Eastern Cordillera and Interandean Zone in Bolivia. Results indicate that coarse-grained nonmarine sediments accumulated in a wedge-top basin upon a palaeotopographic surface deeply incised into deformed Palaeozoic rocks. Seven lithofacies and three lithofacies associations reflect deposition by high-energy braided river systems, with stratigraphic relationships revealing significant (∼500 m) palaeorelief. Palaeocurrents and compositional provenance data link sediment accumulation to pronounced late Miocene erosion of the deepest levels of the Eastern Cordillera. 40Ar/39Ar ages of interbedded tuffs suggest that sedimentation along the Eastern Cordillera–Interandean Zone boundary was ongoing by 9.2 Ma and continued until at least ∼7.4 Ma. Limited deformation of subhorizontal basin fill, in comparison with folded and faulted rocks of the unconformably underlying Palaeozoic section, implies that the thrust front had advanced into the Subandean Zone by the 11–9 Ma onset of basin filling. Documented rapid exhumation of the Eastern Cordillera from ∼11 Ma onward was decoupled from upper-crustal shortening and coeval with sedimentation in the Tipuani-Mapiri basin, suggesting climate change (enhanced precipitation) or lower crustal and mantle processes (stacking of basement thrust sheets or removal of mantle lithosphere) as possible controls on late Cenozoic erosion and wedge-top accumulation. Regardless of the precise trigger, we propose that an abruptly increased supply of wedge-top sediment produced an additional sedimentary load that helped promote late Miocene advance of the central Andean thrust front in the Subandean Zone. Supporting Information Table S1. 40Ar/39Ar analytical data. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Filename Description BRE_491_sm_table-s1.xls55 KB Supporting info item Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. REFERENCES Allmendinger, R.W., Jordan, T.E., Kay, S.M. & Isacks, B.L. (1997) The evolution of the Altiplano-Puna plateau of the central Andes. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 25, 139–174. Baby, P., Rochat, P., Mascle, G. & Herail, G. (1997) Neogene shortening contribution to crustal thickening in the back arc of the Central Andes. Geology, 25, 883–886. Barke, R. & Lamb, S. (2006) Late Cenozoic uplift of the Eastern Cordillera, Bolivian Andes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 249, 350–367. Barnes, J.B., Ehlers, T.A., McQuarrie, N., O'Sullivan, P.B. & Pelletier, J.D. (2006) Eocene to recent variations in erosion across the central Andean fold-thrust belt, northern Bolivia: implications for plateau evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 248, 118–133. Barnes, J.B., Ehlers, T.A., McQuarrie, N., O'Sullivan, P.B. & Tawackoli, S. (2008) Thermochronometer record of central Andean plateau growth, Bolivia (19.5 degrees S). Tectonics, 27, TC3003, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2007TC002174. Barnes, J.B. & Heins, J.D. (2009) Plio-Quaternary sediment budget between thrust belt erosion and foreland deposition in the central Andes, southern Bolivia. Basin Res., 21, 91–109. Barnes, J.B. & Pelletier, J.D. (2006) Latitudinal variation of denudation in the evolution of the Bolivian Andes. Am. J. Sci., 306, 1–31. Beck, S.L. & Zandt, G. (2002) The nature of orogenic crust in the central Andes. J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth, 107 (B10), 2230, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2000JB000124. Benjamin, M.T., Johnson, N.M. & Naeser, C.W. (1987) Recent rapid uplift in the Bolivian Andes: evidence from fission-track dating. Geology, 15, 680–683. Blair, T.C. & McPherson, J.G. (1992) The Trollheim alluvial-fan and facies model revisited. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 104, 762–769. Blair, T.C. & McPherson, J.G. (1994) Alluvial fans and their natural distinction from rivers based on morphology, hydraulic processes, sedimentary processes, and facies assemblages. J. Sediment. Res. Sec. A-Sediment. Petrol. Proc., 64, 450–489. DeCelles, P.G. & Giles, K.A. (1996) Foreland basin systems. Basin Res., 8, 105–123. DeCelles, P.G. & Horton, B.K. (2003) Early to middle Tertiary foreland basin development and the history of Andean crustal shortening in Bolivia. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 115, 58–77. Dorbath, C., Granet, M., Poupinet, G. & Martinez, C. (1993) A teleseismic study of the Altiplano and the Eastern Cordillera in northern Bolivia: new constraints on a lithospheric model. J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth, 98, 9825–9844. Dorbath, C., Paul, A., Achauer, U., Aldunate, M., Bianchi, T., Caminade, J.P., Farra, V., Fontanilla, R., Fornari, M., Guiget, R., Guilbert, J., Guillier, J., Herquel, G., Lambert, M., Martinez, C., Masson, F., Monfret, T., Pequegnat, C., Soler, P. & Wittlinger, G. (1996) Tomography of the Andean crust and mantle at 20 degrees S: first results of the lithoscope experiment. Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors, 97, 133–144. Ege, H., Sobel, E.R., Scheuber, E. & Jacobshagen, V. (2007) Exhumation history of the southern Altiplano plateau (southern Bolivia) constrained by apatite fission track thermochronology. Tectonics, 26, TC1004, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2005TC001869. Ehlers, T.A. & Poulsen, C.J. (2009) Influence of Andean uplift on climate and paleoaltimetry estimates. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 281, 238–248. Elger, K., Oncken, O. & Glodny, J. (2005) Plateau-style accumulation of deformation: southern Altiplano. Tectonics, 24, TC4020, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2004TC001675. Farrar, E., Clark, A.H., Kontak, D.J. & Archibald, D.A. (1988) Zongo-San Gaban Zone: eocene foreland boundary of the central Andean orogen, northwest Bolivia and southeast Peru. Geology, 16, 55–58. Fornari, M., Herail, G., Viscara, G., Laubacher, G. & Argollo, J. (1987) Sedimentation and structure of the Tipuani-Mapiri basin: a testimony to the Amazonian front evolution in the Andes of Bolivia. C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. II, 305, 1303–1308. Garzione, C.N., Hoke, G.D., Libarkin, J.C., Withers, S., MacFadden, B., Eiler, J., Ghosh, P. & Mulch, A. (2008) Rise of the Andes. Science, 320, 1304–1307. Garzione, C.N., Molnar, P., Libarkin, J.C. & MacFadden, B.J. (2006) Rapid late Miocene rise of the Bolivian Altiplano: evidence for removal of mantle lithosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 241, 543–556. Gillis, R.J., Horton, B.K. & Grove, M. (2006) Thermochronology, geochronology, and upper crustal structure of the Cordillera Real: implications for Cenozoic exhumation of the central Andean plateau. Tectonics, 25, TC6007, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2005TC001887. Gubbels, T.L., Isacks, B.L. & Farrar, E. (1993) High-level surfaces, plateau uplift, and foreland development, Bolivian Central Andes. Geology, 21, 695–698. Herail, G., Fornari, M., Viscara, G., Laubacher, G., Argollo, J. & Miranda, V. (1989) Geodynamic and gold distribution in the Tipuani-Mapiri basin (Bolivia). International Symposium on Intermontane Basins: Geology & Resources, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Herail, G., Sharp, W., Giovani, V. & Fornari, M. (1994) La edad de la Formacion Cangalli: Nuevos datos geocronologicos y su significado geologico. Memorias del XI Congresso Geologico de Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Horton, B.K. (1998) Sediment accumulation on top of the Andean orogenic wedge: oligocene to late Miocene basins of the Eastern Cordillera, southern Bolivia. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 110, 1174–1195. Horton, B.K. (1999) Erosional control on the geometry and kinematics of thrust belt development in the central Andes. Tectonics, 18, 1292–1304. Horton, B.K. (2005) Revised deformation history of the central Andes: inferences from Cenozoic foredeep and intermontane basins of the Eastern Cordillera, Bolivia. Tectonics, 24, TC3011, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2003TC001619. Horton, B.K. & DeCelles, P.G. (1997) The modern foreland basin system adjacent to the central Andes. Geology, 25, 895–898. Horton, B.K. & DeCelles, P.G. (2001) Modern and ancient fluvial megafans in the foreland basin system of the central Andes, southern Bolivia: implications for drainage network evolution in fold-thrust belts. Basin Res., 13, 43–63. Horton, B.K., Hampton, B.A., LaReau, B.N. & Baldellon, E. (2002) Tertiary provenance history of the northern and central Altiplano (central Andes, Bolivia): a detrital record of plateau-margin tectonics. J. Sedimen. Res., 72, 711–726. Horton, B.K., Hampton, B.A. & Waanders, G.L. (2001) Paleogene synorogenic sedimentation in the Altiplano plateau and implications for initial mountain building in the central Andes. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 113, 1387–1400. Isacks, B.L. (1988) Uplift of the central Andean plateau and bending of the Bolivian orocline. J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth Planets, 93, 3211–3231. Jones, S.J., Frostick, L.E. & Astin, T.R. (2001) Braided stream and flood plain architecture: the Rio Vero Formation, Spanish Pyrenees. Sediment. Geol., 139, 229–260. Kley, J. (1996) Transition from basement-involved to thin-skinned thrusting in the Cordillera Oriental of southern Bolivia. Tectonics, 15, 763–775. Kley, J. & Monaldi, C.R. (1998) Tectonic shortening and crustal thickness in the central Andes: how good is the correlation? Geology, 26, 723–726. Lamb, S. & Hoke, L. (1997) Origin of the high plateau in the central Andes, Bolivia, South America. Tectonics, 16, 623–649. Leier, A.L., McQuarrie, N., Horton, B.K. & Gehrels, G.E. (2010) Upper Oligocene conglomerates of the Altiplano, central Andes: the record of deposition and deformation along the margin of a hinterland basin. J. Sediment. Res., 80, 750–762. Leturmy, P., Mugnier, J.L., Vinour, P., Baby, P., Colletta, B. & Chabron, E. (2000) Piggyback basin development above a thin-skinned thrust belt with two detachment levels as a function of interactions between tectonic and superficial mass transfer: the case of the Subandean Zone (Bolivia). Tectonophysics, 320, 45–67. Limarino, C., Tripaldi, A., Marenssi, S., Net, L., Re, G. & Caselli, A. (2001) Tectonic control on the evolution of the fluvial systems of the Vinchina Formation (Miocene), northwestern Argentina. J. S. Am. Earth Sci., 14, 751–762. Mack, G.H., Leeder, M., Perez-Arlucea, M. & Bailey, B.D.J. (2003) Early Permian silt-bed fluvial sedimentation in the Orogrande basin of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, New Mexico, USA. Sediment. Geol., 160, 159–178. Martinez, C. (1980) Structure et évolution de la chaîne hercynienne et da la chaîne andine dans le nord de la Cordillère des Andes de Bolivie. Travaux et Documents de l'ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer), 119, 352 pp. Masek, J.G., Isacks, B.L., Gubbels, T.L. & Fielding, E.J. (1994) Erosion and tectonics at the margins of continental plateaus. J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth, 99, 13941–13956. McBride, S.L., Robertson, R.C.R., Clark, A.H. & Farrar, E. (1983) Magmatic and metallogenetic episodes in the northern tin belt, Cordillera-Real, Bolivia. Geol. Rundsch., 72, 685–713. McQuarrie, N. (2002) The kinematic history of the central Andean fold-thrust belt, Bolivia: implications for building a high plateau. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 114, 950–963. McQuarrie, N., Barnes, J.B. & Ehlers, T.A. (2008a) Geometric, kinematic, and erosional history of the central Andean plateau, Bolivia (15–17 degrees S). Tectonics, 27, TC3007, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2006TC002054. McQuarrie, N. & Davis, G.H. (2002) Crossing the several scales of strain-accomplishing mechanisms in the hinterland of the central Andean fold-thrust belt, Bolivia. J. Struct. Geol., 24, 1587–1602. McQuarrie, N. & DeCelles, P. (2001) Geometry and structural evolution of the central Andean backthrust belt, Bolivia. Tectonics, 20, 669–692. McQuarrie, N., Ehlers, T.A., Barnes, J.B. & Meade, B. (2008b) Temporal variation in climate and tectonic coupling in the central Andes. Geology, 36, 999–1002. McQuarrie, N., Horton, B.K., Zandt, G., Beck, S. & DeCelles, P.G. (2005) Lithospheric evolution of the Andean fold-thrust belt, Bolivia, and the origin of the central Andean plateau. Tectonophysics, 399, 15–37. Miall, A.D. (1977) Review of braided-river depositional environment. Earth-Sci. Rev., 13, 1–62. Miall, A.D. (1985) Architectural-element analysis: a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits. Earth-Sci. Rev., 22, 261–308. Miall, A.D. (1996) The Geology of Fluvial Deposits. Springer, New York. Montgomery, D.R., Balco, G. & Willett, S.D. (2001) Climate, tectonics, and the morphology of the Andes. Geology, 29, 579–582. Mulch, A., Uba, C.E., Strecker, M.R., Schoenberg, R. & Chamberlain, C.P. (2010) Late Miocene climate variability and surface elevation in the central Andes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 290, 173–182. Muller, J.P., Kley, J. & Jacobshagen, V. (2002) Structure and Cenozoic kinematics of the Eastern Cordillera, southern Bolivia (21 degrees S). Tectonics, 21, 1037, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2001TC001340. Murray, B.P., Horton, B.K., Matos, R. & Heizler, M.T. (2010) Oligocene–Miocene basin evolution in the northern Altiplano, Bolivia: implications for evolution of the central Andean backthrust belt and high plateau. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 122, 1443–1462. Myers, S.C., Beck, S., Zandt, G. & Wallace, T. (1998) Lithospheric-scale structure across the Bolivian Andes from tomographic images of velocity and attenuation for P and S waves. J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth, 103, 21233–21252. Nichols, G.J. & Fisher, J.A. (2007) Processes, facies and architecture of fluvial distributary system deposits. Sediment. Geol., 195, 75–90. Roeder, D. (1988) Andean-age structure of the Eastern Cordillera (Province of La-Paz, Bolivia). Tectonics, 7, 23–39. Schmitz, M. (1994) A balanced model of the southern central Andes. Tectonics, 13, 484–492. Sempere, T., Herail, G., Oller, J. & Bonhomme, M.G. (1990) Late Oligocene–early Miocene major tectonic crisis and related basins in Bolivia. Geology, 18, 946–949. Servicio Geologico de Bolivia (Geobol). (1994) Carta Geologica de Bolivia, Chulumani (Hoja 6044), scale 1:100000, La Paz. Servicio Geologico de Bolivia (Geobol). (1995) Carta Geologica de Bolivia, Milluni (Hoja 5945), scale 1:100000, La Paz. Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria. (1990) Mapa geologico de Bolivia. 1:1,000,000 scale, La Paz. Sheffels, B.M. (1990) Lower bound on the amount of crustal shortening in the central Bolivian Andes. Geology, 18, 812–815. Sobel, E.R., Hilley, G.E. & Strecker, M.R. (2003) Formation of internally drained contractional basins by aridity-limited bedrock incision. J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth, 108 (B7), 2344, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2002JB001883. Strub, M., Herail, G., Darrozes, J., Garcia-Duarte, R. & Astorga, G. (2005) Neogene to present tectonic and orographic evolution of the Beni Subandean Zone. 6th International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics, ISAG. Barcelona. Extended Abstracts, 709–713. Uba, C.E., Heubeck, C. & Hulka, C. (2005) Facies analysis and basin architecture of the Neogene Subandean synorogenic wedge, southern Bolivia. Sediment. Geol., 180, 91–123. Uba, C.E., Kley, J., Strecker, M.R. & Schmitt, A.K. (2009) Unsteady evolution of the Bolivian Subandean thrust belt: the role of enhanced erosion and clastic wedge progradation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 281, 134–146. Uba, C.E., Strecker, M.R. & Schmitt, A.K. (2007) Increased sediment accumulation rates and climatic forcing in the central Andes during the late Miocene. Geology, 35, 979–982. Citing Literature Volume23, Issue3June 2011Pages 346-360 ReferencesRelatedInformation