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BIBTEX RIS

Autonomic nervous system modulation affects the inflammatory immune response in mice with acute Chagas disease

2012; Wiley; Volume: 97; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1113/expphysiol.2012.066431

1469-445X

Marcus Paulo Ribeiro Machado, Alethéia Moraes Rocha, Lucas Felipe de Oliveira, Marília Beatriz de Cuba, Igor de Oliveira Loss, Lúcio Roberto Cançado Castellano, Marcos Silva, Juliana Reis Machado, Gabriel Antônio Nogueira Nascentes, Luciano Henrique Paiva, Wilson Savino, Virmondes Rodrigues, Patrı́cia C. Brum, Vânia F. Prado, Marco A. M. Prado, Eliane Lages Silva, Nicola Montano, Luı́s Eduardo Ramı́rez, Valdo José Dias da Silva,

Ion Channels and Receptors

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of changes to the autonomic nervous system in mice during the acute phase of Chagas disease, which is an infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . The following types of mice were inoculated with T. cruzi (CHG): wild‐type (WT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter knockdown (KDVAChT) C57BL/6j mice; wild‐type non‐treated (NT) FVB mice; FVB mice treated with pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) or salbutamol (SALB); and β 2 ‐adrenergic receptor knockout (KOβ2) FVB mice. During infection and at 18–21 days after infection (acute phase), the survival curves, parasitaemia, electrocardiograms, heart rate variability, autonomic tonus and histopathology of the animals were evaluated. Negative control groups were matched for age, genetic background and treatment. The KDVAChT‐CHG mice exhibited a significant shift in the electrocardiographic, autonomic and histopathological profiles towards a greater inflammatory immune response that was associated with a reduction in blood and tissue parasitism. In contrast, the CHG‐PYR mice manifested reduced myocardial inflammation and lower blood and tissue parasitism. Similar results were observed in CHG‐SALB animals. Unexpectedly, the KOβ2‐CHG mice exhibited less myocardial inflammation and higher blood and tissue parasitism, which were associated with reduced mortality. These findings could have been due to the increase in vagal tone observed in the KOβ2 mice, which rendered them more similar to the CHG‐PYR animals. In conclusion, our results indicate a marked immunomodulatory role for the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nervous systems, which inhibit both the inflammatory immune response and parasite clearance during the acute phase of experimental Chagas heart disease in mice.