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Spectral Properties and UV-Attenuation in Arctic Marine Waters

2002; Springer Nature; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/978-3-642-56075-0_2

2196-971X

Eyvind Aas, J. Høkedal, Niels K. Højerslev, R. Sandvik, Egil Sakshaug,

Isotope Analysis in Ecology

The Arctic can be delimited by the Arctic Circle at 66 ° 32 ‘N, which is the southern boundary of the midnight sun. For many purposes, however, it will be more meaningful to base the limits of the Arctic on climate, vegetation, or seawater characteristics (Murray 1998). In this chapter, we have chosen to define Arctic marine waters as the sea within the region delineated by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). The boundaries of this region are a compromise between major oceanographic features, permafrost limits, vegetation boundaries, and political boundaries (Murray 1998). The Arctic marine waters will then include the Pacific Ocean north of the Aleutian Islands, Hudson Bay, and parts of the North Atlantic Ocean including the Labrador Sea, South-Icelandic waters and the Faroe Islands. The boundary follows the Norwegian coast northward from 62°N (Fig2.1). Within this area all solar elevations will be less than 60 °.