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Convergent camouflage and the non-monophyly of ‘seadragons’ (Syngnathidae: Teleostei): suggestions for a revised taxonomy of syngnathids

2010; Wiley; Volume: 39; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00449.x

1463-6409

Nerida G. Wilson, Greg W. Rouse,

Ichthyology and Marine Biology

Zoologica ScriptaVolume 39, Issue 6 p. 551-558 Convergent camouflage and the non-monophyly of 'seadragons' (Syngnathidae: Teleostei): suggestions for a revised taxonomy of syngnathids Nerida G. Wilson, Nerida G. WilsonSearch for more papers by this authorGreg W. Rouse, Greg W. RouseSearch for more papers by this author Nerida G. Wilson, Nerida G. WilsonSearch for more papers by this authorGreg W. Rouse, Greg W. RouseSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 September 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00449.xCitations: 19 Corresponding authors: Nerida G. Wilson, The Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010 Australia; and Greg W. Rouse, Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA. E-mails: [email protected] and [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Wilson, N. G. & Rouse, G. W. (2010). Convergent camouflage and the non-monophyly of 'seadragons' (Syngnathidae: Teleostei): suggestions for a revised taxonomy of syngnathids. —Zoologica Scripta, 39, 551–558. The phylogeny and classification of the charismatic Syngnathidae (e.g. pipefish, seahorses) has not been comprehensively examined to date. In particular, we assessed morphological hypotheses that previously suggested the three 'seadragon' genera (Phycodurus, Phyllopteryx, Haliichthys) do not form a monophyletic group. We used three mitochondrial markers to investigate evolutionary relationships within Syngnathidae, and demonstrated that Phycodurus + Phyllopteryx formed a clade that excluded Haliichthys, indicating the elaborate appendages used for camouflage have evolved independently. A time-calibrated tree revealed the divergence of true seadragons as coincident with other kelp-associated fauna. We found evidence for the resurrection of neglected subfamily names, and recovered Doryrhampinae, Nerophinae, Soleganthinae, Phyllopteryginae, Sygnathoidinae and Haliichthyinae as clades. Even after removing these groups from what is currently recognized as Syngnathinae, we showed that the remaining members of Syngnathinae are not monophyletic. In the light of this information, some conclusions about the diversity of reproductive strategies found within 'Syngnathinae' need to be re-examined and further revision of syngnathid classification is needed. Supporting Information Figure S1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of syngnathids based on three mitochondrial genes, with support tested by 1000 bootstrap replicates. Support below 50 is not shown unless it appears alongside greater support at a node representative of relationships among subfamilial rankings. These nodes also show support values under Bayesian inference (posterior probabilities) and maximum parsimony (jackknife). *Support is for a node that does not include Haliichthys. Square brackets surround H. grayi, indicating likely contamination of Cytb in NCBI. Figure S2. beast (Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees)-generated chromogram showing relationships among Syngnathidae. Values given at nodes indicate the mean value of the 95% highest posterior density interval, which is highlighted by grey bars. Scale bar indicates time in millions of years. Table S1. Primer combinations used in this study Filename Description ZSC_449_sm_FigS1.pdf37.4 KB Supporting info item ZSC_449_sm_FigS2.pdf87.2 KB Supporting info item ZSC_449_sm_st1-REV.doc43.5 KB Supporting info item Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. References Chase, M., Etter, R., Rex, M. & Quattro, J. (1998). Extraction and amplification of mitochondrial DNA from formalin-fixed deep-sea mollusks. BioTechniques, 24, 243–247. Connolly, R. (2006). Phyllopteryx taeniolatus and Phycodurus eques. In IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.2. . Downloaded on 01 September 2010. Dawson, C. 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