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The role of the Pax1/9 gene in the early development of amphioxus pharyngeal gill slits

2014; Wiley; Volume: 324; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/jez.b.22596

1552-5015

Xin Liu, Guang Li, Xian Liu, Yiquan Wang,

Congenital heart defects research

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental EvolutionVolume 324, Issue 1 p. 30-40 Research Article The role of the Pax1/9 gene in the early development of amphioxus pharyngeal gill slits Xin Liu, Xin Liu State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorGuang Li, Guang Li State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXian Liu, Xian Liu State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorYi-Quan Wang, Corresponding Author Yi-Quan Wang State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Xiamen, Fujian, China Correspondence to: Yi-Quan Wang, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Xin Liu, Xin Liu State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorGuang Li, Guang Li State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXian Liu, Xian Liu State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorYi-Quan Wang, Corresponding Author Yi-Quan Wang State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, Xiamen, Fujian, China Correspondence to: Yi-Quan Wang, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 12 December 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.22596Citations: 7 Conflicts of interest: None. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat ABSTRACT The pharynx is a major characteristic of chordates. Compared with vertebrates, amphioxus has an advantage for the study of pharynx development, as embryos lack neural crest, and the pharynx is mainly derived from endoderm cells. The Pax1/9 subfamily genes have essential roles in vertebrate pharyngeal patterning, but it is not known if the Pax1/9 gene has similar functions in amphioxus pharynx development. To answer this question, we examined the Pax1/9 gene expression pattern in amphioxus embryos at different developmental stages, and observed morphological changes following Pax1/9 knockdown. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that Pax1/9 expression was initiated during early neurula stage and rapidly peaked during mid-neurula stage. Furthermore, in situ hybridization analysis showed that Pax1/9 transcripts were localized exclusively in the most endodermal region of the developing pharynx in early neurula stage embryos; however, Pax1/9 expression was strikingly down-regulated in the region where gill slits would form from the fusion of endoderm and ectoderm in subsequent developmental stages and was maintained in the border regions between adjacent gill slits. Knockdown of Pax1/9 function using both morpholino and siRNA approaches led to embryonic defects in the first three gill slits, and fusion of the first two gill slits. Moreover, the expression levels of the pharyngeal marker genes Six1/2 and Tbx1/10 were reduced in Pax1/9 knockdown embryos. From these observations, we concluded that the Pax1/9 gene has an important role in the initial differentiation of amphioxus pharyngeal endoderm and in the formation of gill slits, most likely via modulation of Six1/2 and Tbx1/10 expression. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 30–40, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LITERATURE CITED Ataliotis P, Ivins S, Mohun TJ, Scambler PJ. 2005. XTbx1 is a transcriptional activator involved in head and pharyngeal arch development in Xenopus laevis. Dev Dyn 232: 979–991. Blackburn CC, Manley NR. 2004. Developing a new paradigm for thymus organogenesis. Nat Rev Immunol 4: 278–289. Chen L, Zhang QJ, Wang W, Wang YQ. 2010. 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