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TRANSFORMAÇÕES DA AGRICULTURA BRASILEIRA E PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA

2005; EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA; Volume: 22; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Português

10.35977/0104-1096.cct2005.v22.8686

1678-3964

Eliseu Alves, Elísio Contini, Étienne Hainzelin,

Rural Development and Agriculture

A partir dos anos 50, a agricultura brasileira viveu um periodo de intensa modernizacao, associada a industrializacao e a urbanizacao do Pais. Mesmo que o aumento da producao de muitas culturas se vinculasse a conquista de novos espacos, como os cerrados, e notavel o fato de o Brasil ter se tornado, nos ultimos 20 anos, um dos principais produtores e exportadores de produtos agricolas do mundo, gracas ao aumento da produtividade. Uma grande parte das propriedades agricolas ficou, no entanto, a margem desse processo de modernizacao, em particular as situadas nas Regioes Norte e Nordeste. A analise da renda auferida pelas propriedades, com ou sem amortizacao do capital, mostra que a remuneracao do trabalho e extremamente baixa na maioria das propriedades, pondo em jogo sua viabilidade economica. Por conta dessa situacao, a pesquisa agropecuaria precisa superar muitos desafios tecnologicos e metodologicos. A historia da cooperacao entre Brasil e Franca, nessa area, pode indicar rumos para o futuro. Termos para indexacao : politica agricola, producao agricola, cooperacao internacional, modernizacao agricola. TRANSFORMATIONS OF BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURE RESEARCH ABSTRACT The Brazilian agriculture has known, since the 1950's, a period of intense modernization that is tightly linked to the country's processes of industrialization and urbanization. The vigorous increase in numerous productions is indeed linked to the conquest of new frontiers like the Cerrados, but a remarkable fact is that, over the last 20 years, it is primarily through an increase in yields that Brazil has become one of the major producers and exporters of agricultural products. A very large part (80%) of the farms has nevertheless not benefited from the process of modernization, particularly in the North and Northwest regions. The analysis of farm revenues, taking or not into account the redemption of capital, shows that the payment of labor is extremely low in the majority of the farms. The viability of these farms is, at term, endangered. To face this situation, research must tackle a few technological and methodological challenges, and the history of collaboration between France and Brazil in this field can give a few tracks for the future. Index terms : agricultural policy, agricultural production, international cooperation, agricultural modernization. TRANSFORMATIONS DE L'AGRICULTURE BRESILIENNE ET RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE RESUME L'agriculture bresilienne a connu depuis les annees 1950 une periode d'intense modernisation, tres liee a l'industrialisation et l'urbanisation du pays. L'augmentation vigoureuse de nombreuses productions est certes liee a la conquete de nouveaux espaces comme les cerrados, mais il est remarquable que le Bresil soit devenu, pendant les 20 dernieres annees, un des premiers producteurs et exportateurs de produits agricoles du monde, aussi grâce a des efforts de productivite. Une tres large part (80%) des exploitations agricoles est cependant restee en dehors de ce processus de modernisation, en particulier dans les regions Nord et Nordeste. L'analyse des revenus des exploitations, avec ou sans la prise en compte des amortissements du capital, montre que la remuneration du travail est extremement faible dans la majorite des exploitations. La viabilite a terme de ces exploitations est en cause. Face a cette situation, la recherche doit relever plusieurs defis technologiques et methodologiques et l'histoire des cooperations entre la France et le Bresil dans ces domaines peut donner quelques pistes pour l'avenir. Termes d'indexation : politique agricole, production agricole, cooperation internationale, modernisation agricole.